Jalor
Jalor or Jalore (जालोर), is a city and district in Rajasthan state of western India. Jalore lies to south of Sukri river, a tributary of Luni river and is about 121 km south of Jodhpur.
Variants
- Jalor जालौर (राज.) (AS, p.364)
- Javalipuri (जावालिपुरी)
- Suvarngiri
- Songir
Tahsils in Jalor
Villages in Jalor tahsil
Adwara, Akoli, Alasan, Anwloj, Bagra, Bakra, Bakraroad, Balwara, Basan, Beebalsar, Berath, Bhagli Sindhlan, Bhetala, Bishangarh, Chandana, Chhipi, Choora, Dakatara, Dangara, Deldari, Devda, Dewara, Dhanpur, Dhawala, Digaon, Doodsi, Elana, Firozpura, Jalor, (M) Kalapura, Kandar, Katarasan, Keshwana, Khanpur, Kolar, Kuaber, Leta, Madalpura, Maheshpura, Mandwala, Margaon, Mauk, Maylawas, Meda Uparla, Medanichla, Mudi, Nabi, Nagni, Narnawas, Narpara, Narsana, Naya Narnawas, Nimblana, Noon, Paharpur, Rampuriya, Ranchhor Nagar, Raniwara, Ratunja, Rewat, Samati Pura, Sanphara, Santhoo, Sarat, Sardargarh, Siwna, Siyana, Sumergarh, Tadwa, Takhtpura, Teekhi, Thalunda, Ummedabad,
History
In ancient times Jalore was known as Jabalipura - named after a saint. The town was also known as Suvarngiri or Songir, the Golden Mount, on which the fort stands.
It was a flourishing town in the 8th century. Jalore was ruled by the Paramaras in the 10th century. Kirtipala, the youngest son of Alhana, ruler of Nadol, was the founder of the Jalore line of Chauhans . He captured it from the Parmars in 1181 and took the clan name Songara, after the place. His son Samarsimha succeeded him in 1182. Udayasimha was the next ruler under whom Jalore had a golden period. He was a powerful and able ruler ruling over a large area. He recaptured Nadol & Mandor from the Muslims. In 1228, Iltutmish circled Jalore but Udayasimha offered stiff resistance. He was succeeded by Chachigadeva & Samantasimha. Samantasimha was succeeded by his son Kanhadadeva.
During the reign of Kanhad Dev Songara, Jalor was attacked and destroyed in 1311 by Ala-ud-din Khilji, Sultan of Delhi. Kanhad Dev Songara and his son Viramdeo Songira died defending Jalore. The Muslim rulers of Palanpur in Gujarat briefly ruled Jalor in the 16th century, and it became part of the Mughal Empire. It was restored to Marwar in 1704, and remained part of the kingdom until shortly after Indian Independence in 1947.
स्वर्णगिरि
स्वर्णगिरि (AS, p.1004) = 2. मारवाड़ राजस्थान में स्थित वर्तमान जालौर. इस जैन तीर्थ का तीर्थमाला चैत्यवंदन में प्रकार उल्लेख है--'वंदे स्वर्णगिरौ तथा सुरगिरौ स्वर्गीय श्रीदेवकीपत्तने'.[1]
जालौर
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[2] ने लेख किया है ...जालौर (राज.) (AS, p.364) : 12वीं शती से 14वीं शती ई. तक राजस्थान में जैन धर्म का उत्कर्ष काल रहा है. जालौर के इसी काल में बने हुए दुर्ग में महाराज कुमारपाल द्वारा निर्मित कई जैन मंदिर आज भी देखे जा सकते हैं. यहां 1303 के थोड़े समय पश्चात ही अलाउद्दीन खिलजी की बनवाई मस्जिद राजस्थान की सर्वप्राचीन मस्जिद मानी जाती है. इस मस्जिद की शिल्पशैली पर भारतीय वास्तुकला का प्रभाव प्राय: नगण्य ही है.
जालौर परिचय
जालौर राजस्थान के दक्षिण-पश्चिम में स्थित एक ऐतिहासिक नगर है। जालौर पूर्व मध्यकाल का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थल रहा है। महर्षि जाबालि की तपोभूमि जालौर को पहले जाबालिपुर कहते थे।
जालौर में सोनगरा चौहानों ने परमारों से जालौर को छीनकर अपनी राजधानी बनाया था। चौदहवीं शताब्दी के प्रारम्भ में यहाँ का शासक कान्हड़देव था, जो एक शाक्तिशाली चौहान शासक था।
जालौर पर ख़िलजी का अधिकार: सन 1305 ई. में कान्हड़देव ने तुर्की आक्रमण को विफल बनाया था। ऐसी मान्यता है कि तुर्कों (ख़िलजी) से कान्हड़देव का कई वर्षों तक संघर्ष चलता रहा और अंत में इसी संघर्ष में कान्हड़देव मारा गया। इस प्रकार जालौर पर ख़िलजी का अधिकार हो गया। ठीक इसी के साथ ख़िलजी की राजपूताना की विजय यात्रा पूरी हुई। कान्हड़देव की वीरता की गाथाएँ आज भी मारवाड़ के लोक जीवन में प्रतिध्वनित होती हैं।
जालौर का क़िला मारवाड़ के महत्त्वपूर्ण सुदृढ़ क़िलों में से एक है। आरम्भ में यह क़िला परमार शासकों के अधीन रहा। बाद में चौहानों और राठौड़ों का इस पर अधिकार रहा फिर यह मुसलमान शासकों के अधिकार में आ गया। यह क़िला हिन्दू पद्धति से बना है। क़िले में प्राचीन महल, कान्हड़देव की बावड़ी, वीरमदेव की चौकी, जैन मन्दिर और मल्लिकशाह की दरगाह आदि वास्तु शिल्प के मुख्य नमूने हैं। खगोल शास्त्र के प्रकाण्ड विद्वान् ब्रह्मगुप्त इस क्षेत्र से सम्बद्ध रहे हैं।
संदर्भ: भारतकोश-जालौर
XVIII Jalor Stone Inscription of Samarasimhaadeva S.V. 1239 (1182 AD)
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| Jalor Stone Inscription of Samarasimhaadeva S.V. 1239 (1182 AD)[3] |
This inscription was found at Jalor, the principal town of the district of the same name, Jodhpur State. It is incised on two lintels, one above the other and standing upon pillars near the north end of the principal cloister of an old mosque, now used as a topkhana. The mosque is evidently constructed of materials supplied by demolishing old temples, and these two lintels appear to have been brought from an old Jaina shrine, as will be seen from the contents. Portions of these lintels have been cut off on their proper right in order to suit their new surroundings. The inscription on the upper lintel consists of 3 lines, while the lower one is composed of 4 lines. But though the inscriptions are thus engraved on two different stones, they really form one record. The portion extant is in a perfect state of preservation. The letters are here and there filled with mortar, but that does not prevent any one deciphering the record. The characters are Nagari. The letter sh is incised at least twice instead of kha, us in later Rajputana inscriptions. The sign for b occurs, and differs from v only by a minute dot in the loop of the latter. The language is Sanskrit, and the record it partly in pros and partly in verse. The verses are numbered, and are seven in all. In respect of orthography, the only point that calls for notice is the doubling of t in conjunction with a preceding r.
The record opens with an invocation (v.1) to Nabheya i.e. Rishi Tirthankara. It then refers to reign of Maharaja ... son of Maharaja Kirtipaladeva'. The latter we are told was the son of the .. who belonged to the lineage of Maharaja Alhana - "the moon in the sky of Chahamana". It further speaks of the Rajaputra Jojila as person looking after the affairs of the kingdom. We are informed that he held in ....the multitude of unsettled tribals ....district of Pilavahika. It the refers to Samarasimha and Jojala was maternal uncle. In Pilwa in Parbatsar district of Jodhpur state on the frontier of the ....and Taskaraka are perhaps the Bavris who all abound there. ...Seth Yashovira son of Jagadhara of Shrimala family. .... . The date of inscription was Thursday the bright half of vaishakha of the vikrama year 1239.
- Pilavahika (पील्वाहिक) = Peelwa Nagaur in Parbatsar tahsil of Nagaur district in Rajasthan.
XIX Jalor Stone Inscription of Samarasimhaadeva S.V. 1242 (1185 AD)
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| Jalor Stone Inscription of Samarasimhaadeva S.V. 1242 (1185 AD)[4] |
The inscription is incised on a lintel in tho second storey of mosque referred to in No. XVIII. It consists of 6 lines of writing. The characters are Nagari. The language is Sanskrit, and the whole of the inscription is in prose. In respect of orthography, it is sufficient to notice (1) that the sign for v is used both for v and b, and (2) that ṇ is doubled in conjunction with a preceding r. The record contains four different statements, but all pertaining to one and the same temple. The first part speaks of a certain temple as having been built and consigned in tho [Vikrama] year 1221 to tho care of Devacharya for the dissemination of the true Jaina law (sad-vidhi). The temple was known as Kuvara-vihara and contained the principal imago (mula-bimba) of Parsvanatha. The temple, we are told, had been constructed by the Maharajadhiraja, Chalukya Kumarapala, the devout worshipper of the Arhats (param-araata), the lord of tho Gurjara country, after being enlightened by prabhu, Hemasuri, upon the fort of Kanchanagiri belonging to Jabalipura, i.e. Jalor. It will thus be seen that it was called Kuvara-vihsra after the Solanki king Kumarapala who built it. The second part says that if was rebuilt in V.E. 1242 by the Bhandari Yasovira, son of the Bhandari Pusu in accordance with the orders of the Maharaja Samarasimhadeva, the ornament of the Chahamana family and lord of " this country," i.e. apparently southern Marwar. This third part informs us that on the llth of the bright half of Jyaistha in the [Vikrama] year 1256, the work of installation was done, according to the behests of this royal family, by Purnadevacharya, pupil of Devacharya. The fourth and last part states that in V.E. 1268 on the day of the lamps festival (dipotsava), the ceremony of placing a golden cupola on the newly made hall intended for dramatic performances was carried out by Ramachandracharya, pupil of Purnadevasuri.
- Javalipura (जावालिपुर) = Jalor
- Kanchanagiri (कांचनगिरि) = The hill in Jalor
Jalore Inscription of v.s. 1268 (1211 AD)
डॉ. गोपीनाथ [5] लिखते हैं कि इस लेख में 6 पंक्तियाँ हैं . यह लेख एक मस्जिद में मिला था. संभवतः मंदिर की तोड़-फोड़ की समहरी का उपयोग मस्जिद बनाने में आक्रमणकारियों ने किया था. इस लेख से अलग-अलग समय-वि.स. 1221 , 1242 , 1256 , 1268 में कंचनगिरी पर स्थित विहार और जैन मंदिर के निर्माण का ब्यौरा मिलाता है. चालुक्य राजा कुमारपाल द्वारा यहाँ एक विहार का निर्माण देवाचार्य की अध्यक्षता में वि.स. 1221 में कराया था. इसके पश्चात वि.स. 1242 में चाहमान वंशीय समरसिंह देव की आज्ञा से भंडारी याशोवीर ने इसका पुनर्निर्माण करवाया. संवत 1265 में यहाँ ध्वजारोहण, तोरण आदि की प्रतिष्ठा हुई और संवत 1268 में दीपोत्सव पर पूर्नादेव सूरी के शिष्य रामाचंद्राचारी ने स्वर्ण कलश की प्रतिष्ठा की. इस लेख से उस समय की धार्मिक सह्श्नुता का पता लगता है.
Notable persons
External links
References
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.1004
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.364
- ↑ Epigraphia Indica Vol. XI (1911-12): A S I, Edited by E. Hultzsoh, Ph.D. pp.52-54
- ↑ Epigraphia Indica Vol. XI (1911-12): A S I, Edited by E. Hultzsoh, Ph.D. pp.54-55
- ↑ शर्मा डॉ. गोपीनाथ शर्मा: राजस्थान के इतिहास के स्तोत्र, 1983, पृ. 100 -101
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