Sahadeva

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Sahadeva (सहदेव) was the youngest of the five Pandava brothers of Mahabharata. Nakula and Sahadeva were twins born to Madri. Like Nakula, Sahadeva's core skill lay in the wielding of the sword. Sahadeva is said to be mild-mannered, bashful and virtuous.

Birth

Due to Pandu's inability to bear children, because of the curse of Rishi Kindama, Kunti had to use the boon given by Sage Durvasa to give birth to her three children. She shared the boon with Pandu's second wife, Madri, who invoked the Ashwini Kumaras to beget Nakula and Sahadeva.

Madri became Sati

Later Pandu lost his life when he attempted an intercourse with his wife, Madri. The latter also immolated herself in her husband's pyre, so Nakula and Sahadeva lost both their parents at an early age. Later Kunti and the five Pandavas moved to Hastinapura.

Marriage of Sahadeva

All five Pandava brothers were wed concurrently to Draupadi, and each had a son by her. Sahadeva's son with Draupadi was Srutakarma. Sahadeva also married His maternal cousin Vijaya, the daughter of Dyutimat, the king of Madra, and had a son named Suhotra.

Sahadeva's Conquests

Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 28 tells us that Sahadeva was sent south by Yudhisthira to subjugate kingdoms for the Rajasuya sacrifice, after crowning as the Emperor of Indraprastha. He was specifically chosen for the south because of his expertise with the sword, and because Bhishma opined that Southerners are skilled with sword-fighting in general.

The Mahabharata mentions several kingdoms to the south of Indraprastha which were conquered by Sahadeva. Some of them are as under:

  • Surasena (शूरसेन) (II.28.2)
  • Matsya (मत्स्य) (II.28.2)
  • Nishadabhumi (निषादभूमि) (II.28.5)
  • Goshringa (गॊशृङ्गं) (II.28.5)
  • Shrenimat (श्रेणिमन्त) (II.28.5)
  • Navarashtra (नवराष्ट्र) (II.28.6)
  • Kuntibhoja (कुन्तिभॊज) (II.28.6)
  • Charmanwati (चर्मण्वती) (II.28.7)
  • Bhoja (भॊज) (II.28.8)
  • Seka (सेका) (II.28.9)
  • Aparaseka (अपरसेका) (II.28.9)
  • Narmada (नर्मदा) (R) (II.28.9)
  • Vinda (विन्द) (II.28.10)
  • Anuvinda (अनुविन्द) (II.28.10)
  • Avanti (अवन्ति) (II.28.10)
  • Bhojakata (भॊजकट) (II.28.10)/(2-32-12a)
  • Bhismaka (भीष्मक) (II.28.10)/(2-32-13a),
  • Kosala (कोसल) (II.28.10)/(2-32-13b),
  • Vena (वेणा) (R) (II.28.10)/(2-32-13b)
  • Kantaraka (कान्तारक) ((II.28.10)/2-32-14a)
  • Natakeya (नाटकेय) (II.28.10)/(2-32-14b),
  • Herambaka (हेरम्बक) (II.28.10)/(2-32-14b)
  • Marudha (मारुध) (II.28.10)/(2-32-15a)
  • Ramyagrama (रम्यग्राम) (II.28.10)/(2-32-15a)
  • Nachina (नाचीना) (II.28.10)/(2-32-15b)
  • Arbuka (अर्बुक) (II.28.10)/(2-32-15b)
  • Atavika (अटविक) (II.28.10)/(2-32-16a)
  • Pulinda (पुलिन्द) (II.28.10)/(2-32-17a)
  • Pandya (पाण्ड्य) (II.28.10)/(2-32-17b)
  • Dakshinapatha (दक्षिणापथ) (II.28.10)/(2-32-18a)
  • Kishkindha (किष्किन्धा) (II.28.10)/(2-32-18b)
  • Vanaras (वानर) (II.28.10)/(2-32-19a)
  • Kosala (कोसल) (II.28.10)/(2-32-19b)
  • Sugriva (सुग्रीव) (II.28.10)/(2-32-19c)
  • Vanara (वानर) (II.28.10)/(2-32-20a)
  • Mainda (मैन्द) (II.28.10)/(2-32-20a)
  • Dvivida (द्विविद) (II.28.10)/(2-32-20a)
  • Nila (II.28.11-18-34-36)
  • Mahishmati (II.28.11-17)
  • Agni (अग्नि) (II.28.16-26)
  • Tripura (त्रिपुर) (II.28.38)
  • Amitauja (अमितौज) (II.28.38)
  • Potaneshvara (पॊतनेश्वर) (II.28.38)
  • Ahriti (आहृति) (II.28.39)
  • Kaushika (कौशिक) (II.28.39)
  • Surashtra (सुराष्ट्र) (II.28.39-40)
  • Rukmin (रुक्मिण) (II.28.40)
  • Bhojakata (भॊजकट) (II.28.40)
  • Bhishmaka (भीष्मक) (II.28.41)
  • Shurparaka (शूर्पारक) (II.28.43)
  • Talakata (?) (तालाकट) (II.28.43)
  • Dandakas (दण्डक) (II.28.43)
  • Sagaradvipa (सागरद्वीप) (II.28.44)
  • Nishada ( निषाद) (II.28.44)
  • Karnapravarna (कर्णप्रावरण) (II.28.44)
  • Kalamukha (कालमुखा) (II.28.45)
  • Kollagiri (कॊल्लगिरि) (Cole mountains) (II.28.45)
  • Surabhipattana (सुरभिपत्तन) = Murchipattana (मुरची पत्तन) (II.28.45)
  • Tamradvipa (ताम्रद्वीप) (II.28.46) (=Copper island)
  • Ramaka (रामक) (II.28.46)
  • Timingila (तिमिङ्गिल) (II.28.46)
  • Ekpada (एकपाद) (II.28.47)
  • Kevala (केवल) (II.28.47)
  • Vanvashina (वनवासिन) (II.28.47)
  • Nagari (नगरी) (II.28.47)
  • Sanjayanti (संजयन्ती) (II.28.47)
  • Pichchhanda (पिच्छण्ड) (II.28.47)
  • Karahataka (करहाटक) (II.28.47)
  • Pandya (पाण्ड्य) (II.28.48)
  • Dravidas (द्रविड़) II.28.48)
  • Udra (उद्र) (II.28.48)
  • Keralas (केरल) (II.28.48)
  • Andhras (अन्ध्र) (II.28.48)
  • Talavanas (तलवन) (II.28.48)
  • Kalingas (कलिङ्ग) (II.28.48)
  • Ushtrakarnikas (ओष्ट्रकर्णिक) (II.28.48)
  • Antakhi (अन्ताखी) (II.28.49)
  • Roma (रॊम) (II.28.49)
  • Yavana (यवन) (II.28.49)
  • Bharukachchha (भरुकच्छ) (II.28.50)

अंताखी

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[1] ने लेख किया है ...अंताखी (AS, p.4) सिरिया या शाम देश में स्थित ऐंटिओकस नामक स्थान का प्राचीन संस्कृत रूप जिसका उल्लेख महाभारत में है-'अंताखी चैव रोमां च यवनानां पुरं तथा, द्तैरेव वशंचक्रे करं चैनानदापयत्' सभा0 31,72; अर्थात् सहदेव ने अपनी दिग्विजय-यात्रा में अंताखी, रोम और यवनपुर के शासकों को केवल दूत भेज कर ही वश में कर लिया और उन पर कर लगाया। (टि. इस श्लोक का पाठांतर- 'अटवीं च पुरीं रम्यां यवनानां पुरंतथा' है)

Sahdeva during Exile

Yudhisthira's loss in the game of dice meant that all Pandavas had to live in exile for 13 years. Once in exile, Jatasura, disguised as a Brahmin, kidnapped Nakula along with Draupadi, Sahadeva and Yudhisthira; Bhima rescued them eventually. In the 13th year, Sahadeva disguised himself as a Vaishya and assumed the name of Arishtanemi (within themselves Pandavas called him Jayadbala) at the Kingdom of Virata. He worked as a cowherd who supervised the maintenance and upkeep of all cows in Virata's kingdom.

References

  1. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.4-5

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