Burhanpur

Author: Laxman Burdak IFS (R)

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Dargah-e-Hakimi, Burhanpur

Burhanpur district map

Burhanpur (बुरहानपुर) is a city and district in Madhya Pradesh, India. Burhanpur District was created on August 15, 2003, from the southern portion of Khandwa District. Author (Laxman Burdak) visited it on 13.06.1995.

Variants

• Burhanpur बुरहानपुर, म.प्र., (AS, p.640)

Location

Burhanpur is situated on the southwestern border of Madhya Pradesh, on the north bank of the Tapti River, 340 kms southwest of Bhopal.

Tahsils in Burhanpur District

• Nepanagar
• Burhanpur
• Khaknar

Villages in Burhanpur tahsil

Towns: 1. Burhanpur, 2. Shahpur

Villages:

1 Adagaon, 2 Ahukhana, 3 Andhari, 4 Bada Buzurg, 5 Badgaon Mafi, 6 Badi, 7 Badjhiri, 8 Badkheda, 9 Badsingi, 10 Bahadarpur, 11 Bakhari, 12 Bambhada, 13 Baroli, 14 Basali, 15 Bhawasa, 16 Bhota, 17 Boharda, 18 Borgaonkhurd, 19 Borsar, 20 Chandgarh, 21 Chapora, 22 Chaundi, 23 Chidiyapani, 24 Chillara, 25 Chinchala, 26 Dahihandi, 27 Dapora, 28 Dariyapur Kalan, 29 Daulatpura, 30 Devhari, 31 Dhamangaon, 32 Dongargaon, 33 Emagird, 34 Fatepur, 35 Fopnar Kalan, 36 Fopnar Khurd, 37 Gadhi, 38 Gadhtal, 39 Gavhana, 40 Godhan Kheda, 41 Gol Kheda, 42 Hamidpura, 43 Hatnur, 44 Ichhapur, 45 Jafarpura, 46 Jainabad, 47 Jaisingpura, 48 Jambupani, 49 Jamthi, 50 Jasondi, 51 Jhiri, 52 Kalmati, 53 Karoli, 54 Khadkod, 55 Khamala, 56 Khamni, 57 Khapar Kheda, 58 Lalbag Mal, 59 Lalbag Ryt, 60 Loni, 61 Machalpura, 62 Malvir, 63 Mangrul, 64 Metha, 65 Mohad, 66 Mohammadpura, 67 Mordad Kalan, 68 Mordad Khurd, 69 Morjhira, 70 Morkheda Kalan, 71 Morkheda Khurd, 72 Nachan Kheda, 73 Nagulkheda, 74 Ner, 75 Nimbola, 76 Nimgaon, 77 Patonda, 78 Pipalgaon Ryt, 79 Pipli Ryt, 80 Rahipura, 81 Raigaon, 82 Raisena, 83 Rasulpura, 84 Rehata, 85 Sangrampur, 86 Selgaon, 87 Shahdara, 88 Sirsoda, 89 Solabardi, 90 Sukhpuri, 91 Sultanpura, 92 Tarapati, 93 Thathar, 94 Titgaon Khurd, 95 Turak Gurada, 96 Viroda,

Source - https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/3719-burhanpur-burhanpur-madhya-pradesh.html

History

The pass through the Satpuras that connects Burhanpur and Khandwa is one of the main routes connecting northern and southern India, and the Asirgarh fortress, which commands the pass, is known as the "Key to the Deccan".

Burhanpur was an important city under Rashtrakuta Dynasty during 753–982. During excavations in Tapti River & Asirgarh Fort many coins, goddess idols and temples discovered which belongs to prehistoric era. But, Burhanpur got its name and fame during medieval time.

In 1388, Malik Nasir Khan, the Faruqi dynasty Sultan of Khandesh discovered Burhanpur, at the behest of Shaikh Zainuddin and renamed it after a well known medieval sufi saint, Burhan-ud-Din. Burhanpur became the capital of the Khandesh sultanate. Later, Miran Adil Khan II (reigned 1457–1501), another sultan of this dynasty built a citadel and a number of palaces in Burhanpur. During his long reign, Burhanpur was transformed to a major centre for trade and textile production.

In 1601, Mughal emperor Akbar annexed the Khandesh sultanate and Burhanpur became the capital of Khandesh Subah of the Mughal empire. In 1609 Jahangir appointed his second son Parvez to the governorship of the Mughal provinces of the Deccan, and the prince chose Burhanpur as his headquarters.

Shahi Qila: Shah Jahan spent a considerable time in this city, and helped add to the Shahi Qila. The Shahi Qila is one majestic palace in Burhanpur, located to the east of the Tapti River. Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas were built on the terrace of the Qila. Little of it remains today as the Qila is mostly in ruins now. However, the parts of the Palace that still stands displays amazing works of sculpture and exquisite carvings. The main attraction at the palace is the haram or the royal bath. It was specifically built for Shah Jahan's wife, Begum Mumtaz Mahal, so that she could enjoy a luxurious bath. It is said that she died here giving birth to her fourteenth child. Even today, the ceiling has many intricate paintings. One of these paintings depicts a monument which is said to have been the inspiration for the Taj Mahal.

Mughal wealth plundered by Marathas under Sambhaji, Sambhaji, after becoming King of Marathas he gave first blow to Mughal Empire. In this campaign he was Joined by his genral Hambirrao Mohite.

Later Santaji Ghorpade attacked Burhanpur and Khandesh subha to force Aurangzeb to deploy more forces in Khandesh. This act by Santaji relived some pressure of Mughal armies from Karnataka and Maratha swarajya.

The city was taken by Peshwa Bajirao during his reign to Malwa and Delhi.

Maratha army under Sadashivrao Bhau who defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad and took control of the town.

In 1761 the Maratha army marched for Third Battle of Panipat from the city.

After down fall of Maratha Empire city went to Holkar, Scindia, and then British.

Tourism

Burhanpur was ruled by several dynasties, and consequently has many visitor attractions of historical interest. It has three rivers, the Tapti, the Utavali and the Mohna, with several natural sights for visitors to Burhanpur. The city has four small ghats. Being the home of a very diverse population, Burhanpur has a notable Gurudwara, Masjid, Church, a world-famous Dargah

Asirgarh Fort

Jama Masjid Asirgarh Fort

Asirgarh Fort – The fort built by Asiag dynasty is notable for its historical architecture. This fort during its prime time was difficult to win because of being built at a great height, with strong outer walls which are still standing intact. It is situated on Burhanpur-Khandwa Highway, 20 kilometres from Burhanpur. The Asiagh Jats were inhabitants of Asirgarh. One group of them migrated to Europe. Another group moved to Jangladesh which coincided with Bikaner princely state. The religious book Edda of the Scandinavia mentions of this place. It is mentioned that Aryans moved from Asirgarh to scandinavia. According to Bhim Singh Dahiya Asirgarh town in Malwa was founded by one Beeka Jat. Its corresponding town is called Asigord in Scandinavia.

The origin of word Asiagh is from Sanskrit word ‘Asi’ meaning sword. According to Kautilya the people who depended on ‘Asi’ (sword) for their living were known as Asiagh. The Asiaghs moved from Asirgarh in Malwa to Europe. Those who settled in Jangladesh were called Asiagh and those who moved to Scandinavia were known as Asi.

Dargah-e-Hakimi:

Dargaah-e-Hakimi in Burhanpur

Syedi Abdul Qadir Hakimuddin (1665-1730 AD) was a Dawoodi Bohra saint. He is buried in Burhanpur, India. His tomb complex 'Dargah-e-Hakimi' includes mosques, gardens, and visitor accommodations. Dargah-e-Hakimi is situated at Lodhipura village, 2 Kms away from Burhanpur town in the memory of Quamili Saiyyadi & moula-e-bava Abdul Quadir Hakimm-ud-din. Thousands of pilgrims of Bohra sect visit the place from all over the world. Other mazar are of roz-e-mubarak 41 and da-el mutallak Saiyyaddna Abdul Taiyyab Jaqui-ud-din Saheb and wali-ul Murtaj Saiyyadi Sheikh Jivanji. In the west of this Mazar, there is a beautiful mosque and a Haquimi garden.

Shahi qila on the bank of Tapti River

Shahi Qila: The Shahi Qila was a palace in Burhanpur, located to the east of the Tapti River. Little except ruins remain of the palace. However, the parts that still stand display amazing works of sculpture and exquisite carvings.

History of the Shahi Qila states that it was originally built by the Farooqui rulers and resided by Shah Jahan, at a time when he was the governor of Burhanpur. Shah Jahan became so fond of the fort that it was here, in Shahi Qila that he establishes his court for the first three years of his ascending the throne. Shah Jahan spent a considerable time in this city, and helped add to the Shahi Qila. Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas were built on the terrace of the Qila.

The Shahi Qila, Burhanpur is mostly in ruins now, except a few beautifully carved parts of the palace that still stands as a symbol of the glorious Qila it was in the olden days. The locals call the Shahi Qila 'Bhulbhulaya' (that means a labyrinth) because the architecture of the Shahi Qila is puzzling and perplexing for a casual visitor.

The main attraction at the palace is the hamam or the royal bath. It was specifically built for Shah Jahan's wife, Begum Mumtaz Mahal, so that she could enjoy a luxurious bath in water scented with khus, saffron and rose petals. Hammam Khana was constructed during Mughal Period. The baths bear an inscription of Khan Khana Mirza Abdul Rahim Khana, the famous minister of Akbar and Jahangir. The rooms have domed roof. Hot water used to flow from left wall whereas cold water from the right wall. The Hammam is beautifully decorated with paintings on honey comb work. Even today, the ceiling has many intricate paintings. One of these paintings depicts a monument which is said to have been the inspiration for the Taj Mahal. One of the amazing facts is that the Taj Mahal was originally supposed to have been built at Burhanpur. The site (Ahu-Khana) chosen for it still lies vacant near the tapti river. Mumtaz, in whose memory the Taj Mahal was built, died in burhanpur while giving birth to her fourteenth child.

Gurudwara Burhanpur

Historical Gurudwara of Burhanpur: The place is counted as an Important pilgrimage of Khalsa sect. The First and the Last Guru, Guru Nanak Devji & Guru Govind Singhji Maharaj of Khalsa sect had visited the place. Guru Nanak Devji visited the Gurudwara located at the bank of Tapti river ( Raj Ghat). Guru Nanak Devji also signed on the holy Guru Grantha Sahib. One can visit the Weapons and Guru Grantha Sahib of Guru Govind Singh Ji Maharaj. The Gurudwara is approx. 400 years old and counted with the Anandpur (Punjab), Patna (Bihar) and Nanded (Maharastra) pilgrimage of sikhs.

Ahukhana Burhanpur

Ahukhana: This monument is situated in front of Royal fort in Zainabad. The place was Royal leisure pavilions during the Mughal time. Body of Mumtaj Mahal was buried at this place for six months. This is a very good example of Mughal architecture.

Khuni Bhandara: With a view of supplying pure water the Mughal rulers constructed 8 system of water works, which at different times, have supplied water to this populous city. These water works are specimen of unparalleled construction technique and may be counted as glorious relics of the Mughal engineering ingenuity and skill which entailed enormous expenditure. They were, probably, constructed for the most part in the reign of Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.

Royal Hammam

Royal Hammam:

This monument is situated in the Faruqui fort. The monument was constructed by Shah-Jahan, The Mughal Emperor. In the middle of the monument there is a octagonal bath-place. The bath-place was connected with the water system of Khuni Bhandara. On the ceiling of the monument colourful Mughal Paintings can be seen.

Rajghat Burhanpur:

Rajghat Burhanpur

The famous Gurudwara is situated here. The place is on the bank of Tapti. Several Hindu temples of Shaiv and Vaishnav are located here. The foot prints of various Hindu saints at this place are of religious importance. Lal Deval Temple of the place is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Faruqui fort is also located near the place.

Tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan -

The tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan is a visible grand tomb of the Mughal rule built of black stone on the banks of the Utavali River, at a distance of 2 kilometres north of Burhanpur. This building has its own special place among other buildings built during the Mughal period in Burhanpur. Shah Nawaz Khan's real name was 'Iraj'. He was born in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). He was the eldest son of Subedar Abdul Rahim Khankhana of Burhanpur. This tomb is in good condition even after so many years. This place is considered the best tourist destination for the city residents.

Jama Masjid –

Jama masjid, Burhanpur

The Jama Masjid is a historic monument as well as a place of worship. It is centrally located in Gandhi Chowk. The construction of Jama Masjid started in Farooqi rule. The construction of the monument took very long and continued even after Farooqi leader Adil Shah's demise. Then Emperor Akbar supervised and completed the work of the Masjid. There are two large minarets, three round cupolas and extensive artwork on its symmetric pillars which are well conserved.[18]

Jat Gotras Namesake

• Nepa (नेपा) (Jat clan) → Nepanagar (नेपानगर) is a town and tahsil in Burhanpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Nepanagar is famous for its newsprint paper mill, Nepa Mills Limited.

बुरहानपुर

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर ने लेख किया है ...बुरहानपुर (AS, p.640 मध्य प्रदेश में ताप्ती नदी के किनारे पर स्थित खानदेश का एक प्रख्यात नगर है। 14वीं शताब्दी में इस नगर को ख़ानदेश के एक सुल्तान शेख बुरहानुद्दीन वली के नाम पर बसाया गया था। शाहजहाँ की प्रिय बेगम मुमताज की म्रत्यु इसी स्थान पर मृत्यु हुई थी और यहाँ से उसका शव आगरा ले जाया गया था। शाहजहाँ तथा औरंगज़ेब के समय में बुरहानपुर दक्कन के सूबे का मुख्य स्थान था। मराठों ने बुरहानपुर को अनेक बार लूटा और बाद में इस प्रांत से चौथ वसूल करने का अधिकार भी मुग़ल साम्राट से प्राप्त कर लिया।

बुरहानपुर परिचय

बुरहानपुर मध्य प्रदेश में ताप्ती नदी के किनारे पर स्थित खानदेश का एक प्रख्यात नगर है। यह नगर पहले ख़ानदेश की राजधानी हुआ करता था। 14वीं शताब्दी में इस नगर को ख़ानदेश के फ़ारूक़ी वंश के सुल्तान मलिक अहमद के पुत्र नसीर द्वारा बसाया गया। मुग़ल बादशाह शाहजहाँ की प्रिय बेगम मुमताज की सन 1631 में इसी स्थान पर मृत्यु हुई थी, जहाँ से उसका शव आगरा ले जाया गया था।

इतिहास: अकबर ने 1599 ई. में ही बुरहानपुर पर अधिकार कर लिया था। उसने 1601 ई. में ख़ानदेश को मुग़ल साम्राज्य में शामिल किया। शाहजहाँ की प्रिय बेगम मुमताज की सन 1631 ई. में इसी स्थान पर प्रसव काल में मृत्यु हुई। मराठों ने बुरहानपुर को अनेक बार लूटा और बाद में इस प्रांत से चौथ वसूल करने का अधिकार भी मुग़ल साम्राट से प्राप्त कर लिया। शाहजहाँ तथा औरंगज़ेब के समय में बुरहानपुर दक्कन के सूबे का मुख्य स्थान था। बुरहानपुर कई वर्षों तक मुग़लों और मराठों की झड़पों का गवाह रहा और इसे बाद में आर्थर वेलेजली ने सन् 1803 ई. में जीता। सन् 1805 ई. में इसे सिंधिया को वापस कर दिया और 1861 ई. में यह ब्रिटिश सत्ता को हस्तांतरित हो गया।

मुख्य केन्द्र: शेरशाह के समय बुरहानपुर की सड़क का मार्ग सीधा आगरा से जुड़ा हुआ था। दक्षिण जाने वाली सेनायें बुरहानपुर होकर जाती थी। अकबर के समय बुरहानपुर एक बड़ा, समृद्ध एवं जन-संकुल नगर था। बुरहानपुर सूती कपड़ा बनाने वाला एक मुख्य केन्द्र था। आगरा और सूरत के बीच सारा यातायात बुरहानपुर होकर जाता था। बुरहानपुर में ही मुग़ल युग की अब्दुल रहीम ख़ानख़ाना द्वारा बनवाई गई प्रसिद्ध 'अकबरी सराय' भी है।

स्थापत्य कला: बुरहानपुर में अनेकों स्थापत्य कला की इमारतें आज भी अपने सुन्दर वैभव के लिए जानी जाती हैं। इनमें से कुछ निम्नलिखित हैं-

अकबरी सराय: बुरहानपुर के मोहल्ला क़िला अंडा बाज़ार की ताना गुजरी मस्जिद के उत्तर में मुग़ल युग की प्रसिद्ध यादगार अकबरी सराय है। जिसे अब्दुल रहीम ख़ानख़ाना ने बनवाया था। उस समय ख़ानख़ाना सूबा ख़ानदेश के सूबेदार थे। बादशाह जहांगीर का शासन था और निर्माण उन्हीं के आदेश से हुआ था। बादशाह जहांगीर के शासन काल में इंग्लैंड के बादशाह जेम्स प्रथम का राजदूत सर टॉमस रॉ यहाँ आया था। वह इसी सराय मे ठहरा था। उस समय शहज़ादा परवेज़ और उसका पिता जहांगीर शाही क़िले में मौजूद थे।

महल गुलआरा: महल गुलआरा बुरहानपुर से लगभग 21 किमी. की दूरी पर, अमरावती रोड पर स्थित ग्राम सिंघखेड़ा से उत्तर की दिशा में है। फ़ारूक़ी बादशाहों ने पहाड़ी नदी बड़ी उतावली के रास्ते में लगभग 300 फुट लंबी एक सुदृढ दीवार बाँधकर पहाड़ी जल संग्रह कर सरोवर बनाया और जलप्रपात रूप में परिणित किया। जब शाहजहाँ अपने पिता जहाँगीर के कार्यकाल में शहर बुरहानपुर आया था, तब ही उसे 'गुलआरा' नाम की गायिका से प्रेम हो गया था। 'गुलआरा' अत्यंत सुंदर होने के साथ अच्छी गायिका भी थी। इस विशेषता से शाहजहाँ उस पर मुग्ध हुआ। वह उसे दिल-ओ-जान से चाहने लगा था। उसने विवाह कर उसे अपनी बेगम बनाया और उसे 'गुलआरा' की उपाधि प्रदान की थी। शाहजहाँ ने करारा गाँव में उतावली नदी के किनारे दो सुंदर महलों का निर्माण कराया और इस गांव के नाम को परिवर्तित कर बेगम के नाम से 'महल गुलआरा' कर दिया।

शाह नवाज़ ख़ाँ का मक़बरा: शाह नवाज़ ख़ाँ का मक़बरा, बुरहानपुर के उत्तर में 2 किमी. के फासले पर उतावली नदी के किनारे काले पत्थर से निर्मित मुग़ल शासन काल का एक दर्शनीय भव्य मक़बरा है। बुरहानपुर में मुग़ल काल में निर्मित अन्य इमारतों में से इस इमारत का अपना विशेष स्थान है। शाह नवाज़ ख़ाँ का असली नाम 'इरज' था। इसका जन्म अहमदाबाद (गुजरात) में हुआ था। यह बुरहानपुर के सूबेदार अब्दुल रहीम ख़ानख़ाना का ज्येष्ठ पुत्र था। यह मक़बरा इतने वर्ष बीत जाने के पश्चात् भी अच्छी स्थिति में है। यह स्थान शहरवासियों के लिए सर्वोत्तम पर्यटन स्थल माना जाता है।

जामा मस्जिद: बुरहानपुर दक्षिण भारत का प्राचीन नगर है, जिसे 'नासिरउद्दीन फ़ारूक़ी' बादशाह ने सन् 1406 ई. में आबाद किया था। फ़ारूक़ी शासनकाल में अनेक इमारतें और मस्जिदें बनाई गई थीं। इनमें सबसे सर्वश्रेष्ठ इमारत जामा मस्जिद है, जो अपनी पायेदारी और सुंदरता की दृष्टि से सारे भारत में अपना विशेष स्थान एवं महत्व रखती है। यह मस्जिद निर्माण कला की दृष्टि से एक उत्तम उदाहरण है। प्राचीन काल में बुरहानपुर की अधिकतर आबादी उत्तर दिशा में थी। इसीलिए फ़ारूक़ी शासनकाल में बादशाह 'आजम हुमायूं' की बेगम 'रूकैया' ने 936 हिजरी सन् 1529 ई. में मोहल्ला इतवारा में एक मस्जिद बनवायी थी, जिसे बीबी की मस्जिद कहते हैं। यह शहर बुरहानपुर की पहली जामा मस्जिद थी। धीरे-धीरे शहर की आबादी में विस्तार होता गया। लोग चारों तरफ़ बसने लगे, तो यह मस्जिद शहर से एक तरफ़ पड गई, जिससे जुमा शुक्रवार की नमाज़ पढ़ने के लिये लोगों को परेशानी होने लगी थी।

उद्योग व व्यवसाय: बुरहानपुर से आगरा को रूई भेजी जाती थी। अंग्रेज़ यात्री 'पीटर मुण्डी' (Peter Mundy) ने इस नगर के बारे में लिखा है कि यहाँ सभी आवश्यक वस्तुओं का भण्डार था। यहाँ बड़े-बड़े 'काफ़िले' सामान लेकर पहुँचते रहते थे। बुरहानपुर में व्यापक पैमाने पर मलमल, सोने और चाँदी की जरी बनाने और लेस बुनने का व्यापार विकसित हुआ, जो 18वीं शताब्दी में मंदा पड़ गया, फिर भी लघु स्तर पर इन पर इन वस्तुओं का उत्पादन जारी रहा।

संदर्भ: भारतकोश-बुरहानपुर

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