Shurparaka

Shurparaka was a kingdom founded by Bhargava Rama (also known as Parashurama) near the Western sea, close to the mouth of the river Narmada in India. It is mentioned in the epic Mahabharata. Parashurama gave this kingdom to the Brahmin rulers of Kashyapa clan.

Variants of name

• Shurparaka (शुर्पारक)
• Suppäraka
• Supparaka
• Suparaka
• Surparaka (सुर्पारक)
• Śūrpāraka

Identification

• Shurparaka is identified with medieval Sopara and modern day Nala Sopara.
• Surat - Alexander Cunningham identifies the town of Surat with the ancient Surparaka (सुर्पारक) near the mouth of the Tapti.

In Mahabharata

Sahadeva's Expedition to south: Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 28 tells us ....Having brought king Nila of Avanti under his sway the victorious son of Madri, viz. Sahadeva, then went further towards the south. He then brought the king of Tripura under his sway. And next turning his forces against the Paurava kingdom, he vanquished and reduced to subjection the monarch thereof. And the prince, after this, with great efforts brought Akriti, the king of Saurashtra and preceptor of the Kausikas under his sway. The virtuous prince, while staying in the kingdom of Saurashtra sent an ambassador unto king Rukmin the son of Bhishmaka within the territories of Bhojakata. And the monarch cheerfully accepted the sway of the son of Pandu. And the master of battle then, having exacted jewels and wealth from king Rukmin, marched further to the south. And, endued with great energy and great strength, the hero then, reduced to subjection, Shurparaka and Talakata, and the Dandakas also.

पावके विनिवृत्ते तु नीलॊ राजाभ्ययात तथा

सत्कारेण नरव्याघ्रं सहथेवं युधां पतिम (II.28.36)

परतिगृह्य च तां पूजां करे च विनिवेश्य तम

माथ्री सुतस ततः परायाथ विजयी थक्षिणां थिशम (II.28.37)

तरैपुरं स वशे कृत्वा राजानम अमितौजसम

निजग्राह महाबाहुस तरसा पॊतनेश्वरम (II.28.38)

आहृतिं कौशिकाचार्यं यत्नेन महता ततः

वशे चक्रे महाबाहुः सुराष्ट्राधिपतिं तदा (II.28.39)

सुराष्ट्र विषयस्दश च परेषयाम आस रुक्मिणे

राज्ञे भॊजकटस्दाय महामात्राय धीमते (II.28.40)

भीष्मकाय स धर्मात्मा साक्षाथ इन्थ्र सखाय वै

स चास्य ससुतॊ राजन परतिजग्राह शासनम (II.28.41)

परीतिपूर्वं महाबाहुर वासुथेवम अवेक्ष्य च

ततः स रत्नान्य आथाय पुनः परायाथ युधां पतिः (II.28.42)

ततः शूर्पारकं चैव गणं चॊपकृताह्वयम

वशे चक्रे महातेजा दण्डकांश च महाबलः (II.28.43)

The Ocean created for Jamadagni’s son (Bhargava Rama), a region called Shurparaka (12:49). Having made the earth destitute of Kshatriyas for thrice seven times, the puissant Bhargava, at the completion of a horse-sacrifice, gave away the earth as sacrificial present unto Kashyapa. Kashyapa having accepted the earth in gift, and made a present of it unto the Brahmanas, entered the great forest.

This gave rise to the myth of Parashurama, reclaiming the land from the sea. The people of Shurparaka brought this myth to Kerala where this myth still exists.

The pilgrimage in Shurparaka: One should proceed to Shurparaka, where Jamadagni’s son had formerly dwelt. Bathing in that tirtha of Rama, one acquireth the merit of giving away gold in abundance. (3:85). In the tirtha called Shurparaka are two sacrificial platforms of the illustrious Jamadagni, called Pashana and Punaschandra (3:88). Yudhishthira plunged his body in all the holy spots, and then came again to Shurparaka (3:118). Bathing in the Narmada as also in the tirtha known by the name of Shurparaka, observing a fast for a full fortnight, one is sure to become in one’s next birth a prince of the royal line. (13:25).

In Mahavamsa

The Mahavamsa, the Sri Lankan Pali chronicle, mentions that the legendary founder of the Sinhalese, prince Vijaya, left his homeland of Lala and landed first in Suppäraka (the Pali form of the Sanskrit Shurparaka) identified with modern Sopara, in Palgar district north of Mumbai.