Bijarnia

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Bijarnia

(Bijraniya, Bijaraniya, Bijarnya, Vijayran, Vijayrania Tomar, Bijarane, Baje, Ranya, Bajarnia, Bajernia, Bajernia, Raje)

Location  : Rajasthan, Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana

Country  : India

Languages : Rajasthani, Haryanvi

Religion  : Hinduism

Bhanwar Lal Bijarnia at Sarnau-Kot, Ladhana Fort is seen behind him

Bijarnia (बिजारनिया)[1] Bijraniya (बिजरानिया) Bijaraniya (बिजारनिया) Bijarnya (बिजारण्या) Vijayran (विजयरण) Vijayrania Tomar (विजयरणीय तोमर)/(विजयरणिया)/(विजयराणिया तोमर)[2] Bijarane (बिजारने) Baje Ranya/Bajarnia/Bajernia/Bajernia Raje[3] is a clan or gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana in India. They are considered to be branch of Tomars.

Origin

Jat Gotras Namesake

Ancient History

Oritae near Gedrosia on Map showing the route of Alexander the Great
Alexander The Great campaign India 326 BC

V. S. Agrawala[6] mentions Ayudhjivi Sanghas in the Ganapatha under Yaudheyadi group, repeated twice in the Panini's Ashtadhyayi (IV.1.178) and (V.3.117) which includes - Vārteya – which may be identified with the Indian tribe Oreitai[7], settled to the west of the river Porali which now falls in to the Sonmiani Bay (Lasbela district of Balochistan province of Pakistan), west of Karachi. (cf. Saunamāneya in Subhrādi gana IV.1.123;IV.1.86). According to Curtius the tribe had long maintained its independence in those parts and it negotiated peace with Alexander through their leaders, which reflects its Sangha character.

The existence of this clan is known from the time of Alexander the Great. It is mentioned as Varetatae[8] by Megasthenes.[9]

13. Next again - The Varetatae - Subject to a king, who keep no elephants, but trust entirely to their horse and foot,

Greek Historians have clarified about the meaning of Vijayrania. Vijayrania is derived from Vijay (Victory) + Ran (War).

It is to be noted that the Vārteya of Panini and the Varetatae of Megasthenes are nothing but modern Vijayrania.

Ram Swarup Joon[10] writes that about Baje, Bajyar, Baje Ranya: In the Mahabharat ", Chapter - Sabha Parva" We find a mention of the Bajia gotra. They were staunch enemies of Nand dynasty. Chander Shekhar has given a reference while giving an account of the Maurya dynasty. The king of Bajarnia fought against Alexander the Great. The capital of the Bajernias was Bijerania Kot near Ludhiana. The Bajernias consider themselves the descendants of the son of Satak Raj Rishi Vishvamitra. (The B and V are interchangeable) Bajernia Raje, Bajyar and Raje Bije Ranya, Hindus and Sikhs are found in the Punjab.

Ram Sarup Joon[11] writes that ...A number of Jat gotras are found amongst the Brahmins. Kirayan is one of them. Kaushik, Badgil, Bhardwaji, Kirayan Brahmin Gotras originated from Bhatti Jats....Badgi Brahmins and Biji, Baje and Bajrania Jats are all descendants of Rishi Bishwamitra son of Raja Kusl Kirayana

According to Thakur Deshraj the remnants of their fort and stable for horses are still present in Khandelawati. This clan people had struggled a lot for their victory during those times. They have been found in Jaipur region since ancient times. They had a war with Altmus. They rebelled against Muslims many times. Son of Nalh Raja Vir Singh Vijayrania founded a village called 'Vijarnia Khera' in 1078 and constructed a fort at 'Ladhana' in 1178. Ladhana village in Sikar district in Rajasthan was capital of Bijarnia Jats. [12]

Campaign of Alexander against the Oritians.

Arrian[13] writes that ... THE season of the year was then unfit for voyaging; for the periodical winds prevailed, which at that season do not blow there from the north, as with us, but from the Great Sea, in the direction of the south wind. Moreover it was reported that there the sea was fit for navigation after the beginning of winter, that is, from the setting of the Pleiades’ until the winter solstice; for at that season mild breezes usually blow from the land, drenched as it has been with great rains; and these winds were convenient on a coasting voyage both for oars and sails. Nearchus, who had been placed in command of the fleet, waited for the coasting season; but Alexander, starting from Patala, advanced with all his army as far as the river Arabius. He then took half of the shield-bearing guards and archers, the infantry regiments called foot Companions, the guard of the Companion cavalry, a squadron of each of the other cavalry regiments, and all the horse-bowmen, and turned away thence on the left towards the sea to dig wells, so that there might be abundance of them for the fleet sailing along on the coasting voyage; and at the same time to make an unexpected attack upon the Oritians a tribe of the Indians in this region, which had long been independent. This he meditated doing because they had performed no friendly act either to himself or his army. He placed Hephaestion in command of the forces left behind. The Arabitians, another independent tribe dwelling near the river Arabius, thinking that they could not cope with Alexander in battle, and yet being unwilling to submit to him, fled into the desert when they heard that he was approaching. But crossing the river Arabius, which was both narrow and shallow, and travelling by night through the greater part of the desert, he came near the inhabited country at daybreak. Then ordering the infantry to follow him in regular line, he took the cavalry with him, dividing it into squadrons, that it might occupy.a very large part of the plain, and thus marched into the land of the Oritians. All those who turned to defend themselves were cut to pieces by the cavalry, and many of the others were taken prisoners. He then encamped near a small piece of water; but when Hephaestion formed a junction with him, he advanced farther. Arriving at the largest village of the tribe of the Oritians, which was called Rhambacia, he commended the place and thought that if he colonized a city there it would become great and prosperous. He therefore left Hephaestion behind to carry out this project.

Arrian[14] writes ... Alexander then advanced towards the capital of the Gadrosians, which was named Pura ; and he arrived there in sixty days after starting from Ora.

Modern History

One chieftain Jagsingh Bijarnia of this clan founded his rule in Palsana of Shekhawati region in year 1255. In year 1515 there was a chieftain named Dev Raj Bijarnia when Shekhawats and Kachawa Rajputs were spreading their rule in Shekhawati.[15]

M.K Azad[16] tells us that - Jag Singh Chaudhary was an officer in the Army of Mughal emperor Humayun (1508 - 1556), who was very pleased with his services and offered him a Jagir of 12 villages in samvat 1503 (1446 AD ?). Jagsi had 12 sons and one Paswan son named Rupsi.[17]

Local tradition tells us that Jakhar Kunwar of Mandoli Bairath was married in the family of Bana Jat of Jayal Bhadun. Jakhar Kunwar was returning after his gona with his wife Bijli. He stayed at Ladhana. Meanwhile Jagsi’s Paswan son Rupsi was going to forest for hunting and he also stayed at Ladhana for a while. The newly married wife Bijli of Jakhar Kunwar was very impressed with the behavior of Rupsi. She praised the qualities of Rupsi in front of his husband. [18]

The incidence of Bijli and Rupsi annoyed Jakhar Kunwar and he scolded her for this behavior, left her behind and went away without her. Bijli was a simple and humorous girl. She had not anticipated this before. When Rupsi came back from hunting he found Bijli weeping with sorrow. Rupsi said since he is responsible for this incidence he offered that she could go with him if she had no objection. She was left with no option so decided to go with Rupsi. [19]

Jakhars when learnt that their bahu had gone with Bijarnias they got annoyed over this incidence and complained to Delhi Badshah. Jakhars attacked Bijarnias with an army of 2200 soldiers on chaitra sudi 8 samvat 1510 (1453 AD). Bijarnias had blessings of Jeenmata that they could not be defeated. The 12 brothers who were initially keeping a distance with Paswan brother Rupsi also joined him in war against Jakhars.[20]

Though all brothers fought war but it was made clear during the war by elder Bijarnia that Rupsi had created this problem so he would be dealt accordingly after the war. Rupsi when learnt about this dictate of elder Bijarnia he left Ladhana with Bijli and went to Shrimadhopur. His descendants flourished there. [21]

Jagsi Bijarnia's family moved from Ladhana to Palsana in Sikar district. Jagsi had two sons Bindra and Alha. Alha was an ambitious and far sighted person. He came to know that Badshah Humayun was returning from Ajmer after performing jiyarat at Ajmer Dargah and going to capital Delhi. He offered for a feast to the Badshah to please him. Badshah accepted it and Alha gave a grand feast of khir-churma to Humayun. [22] Humayun liked the Rajasthani food. He was pleased with Alha and gifted him 5500 bigha land. Alha was a kind man. He left a gauchar land and constructed a talab there. This Johad is still present and called Alhana Talab.


Bijarnia ancestor came to Dhankoli: Book on Dhankoli village - 'Dhankoli Aaj Tak' by M.K Azad, Published by Dhankoli Vikas Mandal, Dhankoli, 2004 tells us the history of Bijarnia based on record of their bard. The Bahi of the bard (Raoji Bajrang Singh, Dalania, Phagi, Jaipur) of Bijarnia reveals that One Bijarnia ancestor had come to Dhankoli in samvat 1609 (1552 AD) during the period of Kayamkhani rulers at Dhankoli and the rule of Humayun at Delhi. [23]

Bijarnia descendants constructed many talabs in Dhankoli also. [24]

Jagsi Bijarnia’s sixth son was Nihalji. Nihalji begot son Panagji who begot son Balu Ramji. Balu Ramji’s grand son Tola Ram ji constructed Tolana Talab and left auran (catchment) land 200 bigha in samvat 1620 (1562 AD). In the fourth generation Hemaji constructed Hemnana Talab in samvat 1695 (1638 AD) in west of Dhankoli. [25]


Chaudhary Narbadji constructed Narbadana Talab in 300 bigha in samvat 1751 (1694 AD) in east of village. Narbadji’s son was Koju Ramji and his son was Harji Ramji who constructed ‘Har Jo Lav’ Talab in 50 bigha in Jhajhara’s fields in samvat 1825 (1768 AD). Harji Ramji’s son was Kana Ramji who built a well in samvat 1875 (1818 AD) in east of village. Kana Ramji built a 6 pillar chhatri after his father near the village well in samvat 1879 (1822 AD). (M.K Azad, p.198)

जागा (भाट) लोगों ने इन्हें तोमर जाटों में से बताया है। हम उन्हें पांडुवंशी मानते हैं। कुछ लोगों का ऐसा मत है कि तोमर भी पांडुवंशी हैं। भाट लोगों ने इनके सम्बन्ध में लिख रखा है-‘‘सोमवंश, विश्वामित्र गोत्र, मारधुने की शाखा, 3 प्रवर’’। कहा जाता है संवत् 1135 विक्रमी में नल्ह के बेटे विजयसिंहराणिया ने बीजारणा खेड़ा बसाया। फिर संवत् 1235 में लढाना में गढ़ बनवा बिजानिया जाटों की कुल देवी मंशा देवी है जोकि पांडु वंशी तोमर (तँवर) जाट की कुल देवी है। भिवानी जिले में वो खुद को विजयरानिया तोमर ही बोलते हैं।

In Mahabharata

Karna Parva/Mahabharata Book VIII Chapter 51 describes terrible massacre on seventeenth day of Mahabharata War. Varatyas have been mentioned in verse (VIII.51.16)..... "Large bodies of combatants of diverse Kshatriya clans, such as the Govasas, the Dasameyas, the Vasatis, and the Varatyas, the Vatadhanas, and the Bhojas that are very sensitive of their honour, have met with destruction. [26]

Villages founded by Bijarnia clan

संक्षिप्त इतिहास

ठाकुर देसराज[27] लिखते हैं - विजयराणिया सिकन्दर महान् के समय के प्रतीत होते हैं, यह हम पहले ही लिख चुके हैं। यूनानी लेखकों ने जो कि सिकन्दर के साथ भारत में आये थे, विजयराणिया लोगों का हाल लिखते समय उनके नाम का अर्थ लिख डाला। विजयराणिया यह इनका उपाधिवाची नाम है। रण-क्षेत्र में विजय पाने से इनके योद्धाओं को विजयराणिया की उपाधि मिली थी। जागा (भाट) लोगों ने इन्हें तोमर जाटों में से बताया है। हम उन्हें पांडुवंशी मानते हैं। कुछ लोगों का ऐसा मत है कि तोमर भी पांडुवंशी हैं। भाट लोगों ने इनके सम्बन्ध में लिख रखा है-‘‘सोमवंश, विश्वामित्र गोत्र, मारधुने की शाखा, 3 प्रवर’’। कहा जाता है संवत् 1135 विक्रमी में नल्ह के बेटे विजयसिंहराणिया ने बीजारणा खेड़ा बसाया। फिर संवत् 1235 में लढाना में गढ़ बनवाया। हमें बताया गया है कि लढाने में गढ़ के तथा घोड़ों की घुड़साल के चिन्ह अब तक पाए जाते हैं। उस समय देहली में बादशाह अल्तमश राज्य करता था। अन्य देशी रजवाड़ों की भांति विजयराणिया लोग भी विद्रोही हो गये। इस कारण अल्तमश को उनसे लड़ना पड़ा। इन्हीं लोगों में आगे जगसिंह नाम का योद्धा हुआ, उसने पलसाना पर अधिकार कर लिया और कच्ची गढ़ी बनाकर आस-पास के गांवों पर प्रभुत्व कायम कर लिया। यह घटना संवत् 1312 विक्रमी की है। संवत् 1572 में इस वंश में देवराज नाम का सरदार हुआ। इस समय शेखावतों और कछवाहों के राज्य का विस्तार हो रहा था। जयपुर राज्य के कई स्थानों में ये लोग पाये जाते हैं। इस वंश के लोग बहादुर होते हैं, साथ ही जाति-भक्त भी। यद्यपि इस समय उनके पास राज्य नहीं है, फिर भी वंश गौरव अब तक उनके हृदय में है। उसके उदाहरण मा. भजनलाल अजमेर और चौ. लादूराम गोवर्धनपुरा के हृदयों मे टटोले जा सकते हैं।

Distribution in Rajasthan

Villages in Bikaner district

Lunkaransar, Motolai, Sadhasar,

Locations in Jaipur city

Barkat Nagar, Imliwala Phatak, Jhotwara, Purani Basti, Shastri Nagar, Shyam Nagar, Sirsi Road, Vasundhara Colony,

Villages in Jaipur district

Bijarniyon Ka Bas, Gangati Kalan, Hirnoda (20), Kudli (1), Maleda, Mandpi, Mansar Tootoli (1), Marakhaya (3), Mundiya Garh, Murarpura Thali (2), Nimodia (1), Patel Ki Dhani Matera

Villages in Churu district

Bidasar, Chak Rajiyasar, Chhapar Churu (2), Dhigarla, Ghantiyal Bari, Mainasar, Rajaldesar, Roopeli, Rukhasar, Sardarshahar, Sujangarh (125), Pichkraen taal, Melusar, Sadpura,

Villages in Alwar district

Kanwara,

Villages in Hanumangarh district

Dungarsinghpura, Dungrana, Jagasari, Kalana, Phephana, Lalana

Villages in Nagaur district

Ambapa, Budsoo, Dhankoli, Dhyawa, Harnawa Patti, Hudeel, Jabdinagar, Jaswantpura, Kyamsar, Loonwa (10), Midkiya, Maulasar, Panchota, Payali, Rajliya, Ranwa, Rasal, Rawaliyawas,

Villages in Sikar district

Sikar district has the maximum population out of which Shrimadhopur having about 4000 families is the biggest village of Bijarnias. The list of villages having Bijarnia population is as under:

Abhaypura, Akhaipura, Banuda (1), Banathla, Bheema, Bibipur Bara, Bibipur Chhota, Bijarnia Ki Dhani (Khud), Bijarnia Ki Dhani (Singrawat), Boyatpura, Chandpura, Chelasi, Chhota Pana Ki Dhani, Chuwas, Dero, Dhandhan (4), Dhani Dera Ram Sagar, Deva, Dhani Bijarniya, Dhani Gopinath, Dhani Kanwar (Palsana), Dhani Neemwali (Patwari Ka Bas), Ganora Sikar, Ghirania Bara, Godia Bada (4), Gordhanpura, Gordhanpura Sikar, Gothra Bhukaran, Jalpani, Jankipura, Jeenwas (5), Kadma Ka Bas, Kansarda, Kanwarpura, Katrathal, Khud, Lachhmangarh, Madni, Mahta Ka Bas, Malakali Dhani, Malakali (200), Mau, Mundiya Garh Nagardas, Nagwa, Neem Ka Thana Netarwas, Nimeda Sikar[28], Palsana, Patwari Ka Bas (400), Panlawa, Piprali, Puran Chhoti, Raghunathpura (Khud), Raipura, Rampura Srimadhopur, Rooppura (Santoshpura), Rulyana Mali, Sarwari, Sawaipura, Shrimadhopur (4000), Sigdola Bada, Sihot chhoti, Sikar, Singrawat, Tehat, Thedi, Thathawata Piran, Tiroki Chhoti, Tiwari Ki Dhani (2), Vijaipura Ramgarh, Vijaipura Laxmangarh,

Villages in Jhunjhunu district

Berla Mohar Singh ka Bas, Bijarniya Ki Dhani (Udaipurwati), Baggar (बगड), Hansasari, Sonasar, Jakhod (near Surajgarh), Nalpur,

Villages in Jodhpur district

Jodhpur,

Villages in Pali district

Digginadi (Shivganj), Pawa,

Villages in Ajmer district

Ahera, Ajmer, Bander Sindri, Dardoond, Kotri Ajmer, Sinroj, Sursura (7), Tiloniya,

Villages in Tonk district

Hanotya (1), Raghunathpura Parli (4),

Distribution in New Delhi

Villages in New Delhi

Nithari Delhi, Kirari

Distribution in Haryana

Villages in Charkhi Dadri district

Rudrol, Dhani Khubiram, Mirch (Near Charkhi Dadri),

Villages in Bhiwani district

Ghasola (Bhiwani),

Villages in Jind district

Sunderpura,

Distribution in Uttar Pradesh

Villages in J.P.Nagar(Amroha) district

Basera Kanjar,

Distribution in Madhya Pradesh

Villages in Dhar district

Sat Talai,

Villages in Dewas district

Sukardi,

Villages in Indore district

Khatwadi[29], Sherpur Indore[30]

Villages in Mandsaur district

Dhawad Buzurg

Villages in Sheopur district

Bambooli Gusai, Kaririya Sheopur

Villages in Sehore district

Semalpani Kadeem,

Distribution in Maharashtra

Bijarnia are called Bijarane in Maharashtra due to linguistic variation.

Villages in Jalgaon district

Bijarane Jats live in villages:

Rajur,

Villages in Amravati district

Badnera,

Notable persons

  • Rajpal Bijarnia - Scored 13th Rank in Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan, Secondary School Examination-2010. He is from village [[]] in Sikar district in Rajasthan. School - Krishna Vidya Mandir Sikar. [37]
  • Sohan Ram Choudhary (Bijarnia) - RAS, Dy.Comm.(Transport), Date of Birth : 21-April-1966 VILL.- Gagour PO.- Lichana VIA.METHRI TEH.-Nawan DIS.NAGAUR, Present Address : 193, 4TH AVENUE ,GOM DEFIENCE COLONY, VAISHALI NAGAUR, JAIPUR, Resident Phone Number : 0141-3096898, Mobile Number : 9414437797
  • Dr. B. R. Bijarnia - Geologist (Senior) Geological Survey Of India, Date of Birth : 4-July-1956. Vill. - Mindkiya, PO - Jusariya, Via - Makrana, Distt. - Nagaur, Present Address : IV/3,GSI Officers Colony, Indira Nagar, Tonk Road, Jaipur. Resident Phone Number : 9887352644. Mobile Number : 9414912446
  • Dr. Ashok Kumar Choudhary (Bijarnia) - Child Specialist, Date of Birth : 1-February-1965, Village - Gothada Bhukran, Sikar, Present Address : Jat Colony Piprali Road Siakr, Resident Phone Number : 01572-270641, Mob: 9460238641
  • Prof. Bhagirath Singh Bijarnia - Vice Chancellor Maharshi Dayanand University, Date of Birth : 1-December-1953, VPO.- Kanwarpura, distt.- Sikar, Rajasthan, Present Address : University Campus, Ajmer, Phone : 0145-2787050/51, Mob: 9829266377,Email: bhagirath_vcmds@rediffmail.com
  • Ashish Bijarnia - RJS
  • Rakesh Bijarnia RAS (2012) (Rank-79)
  • Dr Pankaj Kumar S/O Colonel Randheir Singh Bijarnia & Grand S/O Ex Director Cooperative Society Choudhary Jhabar singh Patel, Panlawa Sikar
  • Capt Vijay Grand S/O Ex Director Cooperative Society Choudhary Jhabar singh Patel, Panlawa (Sikar)
  • Colonel Randheir Singh Bijarnia S/O Ex Director Cooperative Society Choudhary Jhabar singh Patel
  • Major Ramnivas Bijarnia S/O Ex Director Cooperative Society Choudhary Jhabar singh Patel, Panlawa (Sikar)
  • Choudhary Jhabar singh Patel S/O Choudhary Dilsukh Patel, Ex Director Cooperative Society , Panlawa (Sikar)
  • Choudhary Dilsukh Patel S/O Choudhary Moti Ram Patel, Panlawa (Sikar)
  • Choudhary Moti Ram Patel, Panlawa (Sikar)
  • Choudhary Viram Patel, Panlawa (Sikar)
  • Punit Bijarniya: IPOS 2013 batch, SSRM, Kolkata Airport, M: 8010865283
Unit - 7 Rajputana Rifles

Gallery of Bijarnias

References

  1. ↑ O.S.Tugania:Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, p.52, s.n. 1772
  2. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. व-10
  3. ↑ Ram Swarup Joon| History of the Jats/Chapter V,p.72
  4. ↑ गॊवास दासम ईयानां वसातीनां च भारत, वरात्यानां वाटधानानां भॊजानां चापि मानिनाम (VIII.51.16)
  5. ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter V, p.143
  6. ↑ V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.450
  7. ↑ James Todd Annals/Index Vol III, Oreitai tribe, iii. p.1656
  8. ↑ VARETATAE:populi Indiae. Plin. l. 6. c. 20.
  9. ↑ Jat clans as described by Megasthenes
  10. ↑ Ram Swarup Joon| History of the Jats/Chapter V,p.72
  11. ↑ Ram Sarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter VI, p.123
  12. ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter IX, 1934, p. 599
  13. ↑ Arrian Anabasis Book/6b, Ch.xxi
  14. ↑ Arrian Anabasis Book/6b, Ch.24
  15. ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter IX, 1934, p. 599
  16. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.196
  17. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.196
  18. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.196
  19. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.197
  20. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.197
  21. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.197
  22. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.197
  23. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.196
  24. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.198
  25. ↑ M.K Azad:'Dhankoli Aaj Tak, 2004 p.198
  26. ↑ गॊवास दासम ईयानां वसातीनां च भारत, वरात्यानां वाटधानानां भॊजानां चापि मानिनाम (VIII.51.16)
  27. ↑ जाट इतिहास:ठाकुर देशराज,पृष्ठान्त-599
  28. ↑ User:ManojJat23
  29. ↑ User:Badaljat
  30. ↑ User:Sk56
  31. ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.297-298
  32. ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.320
  33. ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.461-462
  34. ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.469
  35. ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.477
  36. ↑ Jat samaj:december 2005,p.100
  37. ↑ http://www.jatland.com/forums/showthread.php?30124-Jat-girl-tops-Secondary-School-Exam-in-Rajasthan

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