Maeatae
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Maeatae were a confederation of tribes that probably lived beyond and north the Antonine Wall in Roman Britain that lived in the land between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay or parts of what is now Clackmannanshire, Fife and Stirlingshire and also in the Isle of May from the 2nd century AD to the 6th and 7th centuries AD; there is also the possibility, although weaker, that they were of Norse origin.
Variants
Jat clans
History
The historical sources are vague as to the exact region they inhabited, but an association is thought to be indicated in the names of two hills with fortifications.[1] Near the summit of Dumyat hill in the Ochils, overlooking Stirling, there are remains of a fort[2] and the name of the hill (in Gaelic Dùn Mhèad) is believed to derive from name meaning the hill of the Maeatae.[3] The prominent hill fort may have marked their northern boundary, but Myot Hill[4] near Fankerton, plausibly marks their southern limits. A discussion of two views of the importance of Dumyat and Myot Hill is given in Wainwright.[5]
Cassius Dio describes them in detail in his Roman History (Book LXXVII),[6] and is later quoted by Joseph Ritson and others.[7] John Rhys seems convinced that they occupied the land between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay or parts of what is now Clackmannanshire, Fife and Stirlingshire.[8] He also suggests that the Isle of May might derive its name from the tribe. Dio mentions the Maeatae were between the wall and the Caledonians but there is some dispute over whether he is referring to Antonine's Wall[9] or Hadrian's Wall.[10] Alexander del Mar says no-one really knows the identity of the Maeatae but he mentions that some authorities think they may have had a Norse origin.[11]
They appear to have come together as a result of treaties struck between the Roman Empire and the various frontier tribes in the 180s AD under the governorship of Ulpius Marcellus. Virius Lupus is recorded as being obliged to buy peace from the Maeatae at the end of the second century.[12]
In 210 AD, they began a serious revolt against the Roman Empire, which was reportedly a very bloody affair on both sides.[13] Another revolt took place the following year.[14] In 213 AD, Joseph Ritson records them receiving money from the Romans to keep the peace.[15]
The Miathi, mentioned in Adomnán's Life of Columba, probably to be identified with the Southern Picts, have been posited as the same group, their identity seemingly surviving in some form as late as the 6th or 7th centuries AD.[16]
External links
See also
References
- ↑ Evans, Nicholas (March 2009). "Royal succession and kingship among the Picts". The Innes Review. Edinburgh University Press (subscription required). 59 (1): 1–48.
- ↑ "Myot Hill". National Record of the Historical Environment. Canmore.
- ↑ Mann, J C (1974). "THE NORTHERN FRONTIER AFTER A.D. 369". Glasgow Archaeological Journal (subscription required). 3: 40. JSTOR 27923546.
- ↑ "OS Six Inch 1888-1913". National Library of Scotland - Map. Ordnance Survey.
- ↑ Wainwright, F. T. (1962). Archaeology And Place Names And History. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 72–74.
- ↑ Dio, Cassius; Cary, Earnest; Foster, Herbert Baldwin (1955). Dio's Roman history. London: W. Heinemann. pp. 63–73.
- ↑ Ritson, Joseph (1828). Annals of the Caledonians, Picts, and Scots; and of Strathclyde, Cumberland, Galloway, and Murray. Edinburgh: Printed for W. and D. Laing. pp. 11–13.
- ↑ Rhys, John (1908). Celtic Britain (4th ed.). New York: E. S. Gorham. pp. 305–307.
- ↑ Archaeologia aeliana, or, Miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity (Vol 18 ed.). Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1896. pp. 89–90.
- ↑ Rohl, Darrell, Jesse. "More than a Roman Monument: A Place-centred Approach to the Long-term History and Archaeology of the Antonine Wall" (PDF). Durham Theses. Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online ref: 9458.
- ↑ Del Mar, Alexander (1900). Ancient Britain in the light of modern archæological discoveries. New York: The Cambridge encyclopedia co. p. 41.
- ↑ Elliott, Simon; Hughes, Tristan (18 March 2018). "The Scottish Campaigns of Septimius Severus". Turning Points Of The Ancient World.
- ↑ Keys, David (27 June 2018). "Ancient Roman 'hand of god' discovered near Hadrian's Wall sheds light on biggest combat operation ever in UK". Independent.
- ↑ Birley, Robin (October 1963). "The Roman Legionary Fortress at Carpow, Perthshire". Scottish Historical Review (subscription required). 42 (134): 131. JSTOR 25528524.
- ↑ Ritson, Joseph (1828). Annals of the Caledonians, Picts, and Scots; and of Strathclyde, Cumberland, Galloway, and Murray. Edinburgh: Printed for W. and D. Laing. pp. 64–65.
- ↑ MacLean, Hector (1872–1906). "The Ancient Peoples of Ireland and Scotland Considered". Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (subscription required). 20: 164. JSTOR 2842234.
Back to The Ancient Jats