Nagod
Nagod (नागोद) (also Nagaud (नागौद) is a town and tahsil in Satna district in the Madhya Pradesh. It is located 17 miles from the town of Satna. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagod Tehsil.
Origin
Nagod derives its name from Naga + vadha, means massacre of Naga people. The state was earlier occupied and ruled by Nagas.
History
Ref - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18, p. 300-302
Nagod State (or Unchahra). - A sanad State in Central India, under the Political Agent in Bagllelkhand, lying between 24° 12' and 24° 39' N. and 8o° 28' and 80° 53' E., with an area of about 501 square miles. Until the eighteenth century the State was known as Unchahra, from the name of its original capital. It is cut up into two sections, the isolated pargana of Dhanwahi, which lies east of Maihar, having been granted in 1859 in recognition of good services rendered during the Mutiny. The greater part of the territory is situated in the high-level plain to the east of the Panna range, but a small portion falls within the hilly tract. Nagod is watered by the Satna river, a tributary of the Tons, and by several smaller streams, which are not, however, available for irrigation.
Geologically, Nagod presents several features of interest. The greater part is covered with fine sandstones of the Bandair (Bhander) series and the Sirbu shales. Limestone of a superior quality, known commercially as Nagod limestone, is met with in the form of low hills close to the chief town, supplying the most valuable source of lime known in India. In 1828 Captain Franklin announced the existence of fossil remains in this rock; but subsequent search has failed to substantiate this discovery, which, as giving a clue to the age of the Vindhyans, would have been of the highest scientific importance.
The famous Bharhut stupa was constructed of the Bandair sandstone, the excellence of which is proved by the marvellous sharpness of the carving on the fragments discovered.
The chiefs of Nagod are Parihar Rajputs, one of the four Agnikula clans, whose traditional home is on Mount Abu. The history of their migration into Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand is of considerable interest, but exceedingly difficult to unravel. In the seventh century the Gaharwars held Bundelkhand, but were driven out or at least subordinated by an incursion of Parihar Rajputs from the west, who established themselves in the country lying between Mahoba and Mau (near Chhatarpur), and rapidly extended their sway over most of this region. In the ninth century they in their turn became subordinate to the great Chandel clan; and, though not exterminated, a large section was obliged to migrate still farther eastwards into Baghelkhand, where, according to their annals, Raja Dhara Singh seized the fort of Naro from the Teli Rajas in 1344.
In 1478 Raja Bhoja obtained Unchahra, which he made the chief town, and which remained so until 1720, when the capital was moved to Nagod by Raja Chain Singh. Later on the Parihars lost to the Bundelas and Baghelas practically all their possessions, except the limited territory they now hold, and preserved this remnant only by submitting to their adversaries.
When the British became paramount after the Treaty of Bassein (1802), Nagod was held to be tributary to Manna, and was: included in the sanad granted to that State in 1807. In recognition, however, of the fact that- the territory had been in the possession of the family before the establishment of Chhatarsal's power and had continued to be independent throughout the supremacy of the Bundelas and of Ali Bahadur, a separate sanad was granted to Lal Sheoraj Singh in 1809 confirming him in his possessions. He was succeeded in 1818 by his son, Balbhadra Singh, who was deposed in 1831 for murdering his brother. His successor, Raghavendra Singh, who was then a minor, received powers in 1838 and obtained a new saaiad, succession dues to the value of Rs. 8,000 being paid to the British Government. He involved the State in debt, and it was placed under management in 1844. In the Mutiny the chief behaved most loyally in assisting Europeans, and in recognition of these services received a grant of eleven villages now forming the pargana of Dhanwahi, which had belonged to the confiscated State of Bijeraghogarh. In 1862 he received a sanad of adoption, and in 1865 he again assumed management till his death in 1874. He was succeeded by his son, the present chief, Raja Jadavendra Singh, who was then nineteen. The Raja began to exercise powers in 1882, but was deprived of them in 1894 for mismanagement, and retired to Benares, where he lived as a recluse for ten years, refusing all inducements to return. In August, 1904, however, he agreed to accept an allowance and to reside at Satna. The chief has the title of Raja and receives a salute of 9 guns. The antiquities of Nagod are considerable, but have not, as yet, been fully investigated. The old routes from Malwa and Southern India to Kausambh and Sravasti probably met at or near Bharhut (24° 37' N.and 80° 53' L.), where a magnificent Buddhist stupa formerly stood, the remains of which were discovered by Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1873. Though entirely ruined, a large number of carved stones were recovered and placed in the Calcutta Museum. It must have originally been very similar to the great stupa at, Sanchi, though the railing is more ornamental, and possibly of later date. On one of the gateways a record I was discovered referring to its erection during the rule of the Sunga dynasty, who flourished in the second and first centuries 13.c. A mediaeval temple was also exhumed close by Other places of interest are Lalpahar, a hill near the Satna, where there are a large cave and an inscribed record of the Kalachuri dynasty of 1158; Sankargarh; Khoh, formerly a large city and capital of the Teli Rajas, where several important records dating from A.D. 475 to 554 have been discovered; Bhumara, Majhgawan, Kari Talai, and Pataini Devi. At the last place is a small but well-preserved temple in the Gupta style of the fourth or fifth century, with some later Jain remains of the tenth and eleventh centuries.
The population of the State has been: (1881) 79,629, (1891) 84,097, and (1901) 67,092. The large decrease of 20 per cent during the last decade is due to famine. Hindus number 55,989, or 84 per cent. ; Animists, 8,701, mainly Gonds and Kols; and Musalmans, 2,33.1.
The State contains one town, Unchhra, its old capital; and 336 villages. Baghelkbandi is the principal language, spoken by 85 per cent. of the population.
Besides the Panna-Satna high road, metalled roads connect Nagod with Unchahra and Unchahra with Parstnania, 86 miles in all, of which 37 are maintained by the State. British post offices are maintained at Nagod and Unchahra.
' A. Cunningham, ' The Bharhut Stupa,' Indian Antiquary, vol, xiv, p. 138; Vol, xxi, p. 225.
Villages in Nagod tahsil
Akauna Khurd, Akouna Sathiya, Ama, Amiliya, Amkui]], Amkui, Amsil, Antarbed, Atraura, Atraura Kalan, Atraura Khurd, Baboopur, Bachbai, Badera, Badhaw, Badkhera, Badohara, Baherawa, Bamhaur, Bamuriha, Bandha Alias Naubasta, Bandi, Bara, Baraj, Barapathar, Barha, Barha, Barkachhi, Barkachhi, Barkoniya Kothar, Barkoniya Maphi, Basudha, Bela, Belaundha, Belgahna, Belhai Kalan, Belhai Khurd, Beohari, Bhad, Bhagda, Bhagda (Tola), Bhaihai, Bhaji Khera, Bhitari, Bhitari (Ubari), Bhulani, Bikara, Birhuli, Budhi, Chakargohan, Chamar, Chan Kuiya, Chankunwa, Chapa, Chaupada, Chhinda, Chitaudha, Chunaha, Damha, Datunha, Deori, Dhamnaha, Dhaurhara, Dubahiya, Dudaha, Duduwa, Dureha, Durgapur, Duwari Kalan, Duwari Khurd, Fatepur, Furtal Kalan, Furtal Khurd, Gada, Gadra, Gadri, Gajana Badhaw, Gangwariya, Garlagi, Gaura, Ghateh Kalan, Ghateh Khurd, Ghorhati, Ginjara, Gonda, Gunhar, Gunjahiya, Hadaha, Harduwa Kalan, Harduwa Majhol, Helaundha, Hinauta, Hinauti, Itaura Kalan, Itaura Kalan, Itaura Khurd, Itaura Khurd, Itma, Itma, Itma, Itma Baghelan, Itmapar, Jadavpur Kothar, Jaitwara, Jamunator, Jamunihai, Jaso, Jharsi, Jhigodar, Jhiriya, Jogiya, Kachanar, Kachloha, Kadhmanu, Kalawal, Kalpa, Kandehali, Kapuri, Karahiya, Karahiya Kalan, Karahiya Kalan, Karahiya Khurd, Karahiya Khurd, Kartaha, Kathwariya, Katkon Kalan, Katkon Khurd, Khadarhara, Khaira, Khairuwa, Khajhen, Khakhraudha, Khamhariya Kalan, Khamhariya Khurd, Khamrehi, Kodar, Kol, Kolar, Koni, Koni Pandawali, Kota, Kudiya, Lalchaha, Lalpur, Lohadar, Madai, Madan Pokhra, Madatola, Madha, Madhi Kalan, Madhi Khurd, Mahdewa, Mahendrapur, Mahkona, Mahtain, Mahua Khera, Majhara Kalan, Majhara Khurd, Majhgawan, Majhgawan Khurd, Majhiyari, Mauhari, Medhkani, Mora, Mughar, Nagod (NP), Naigawan, Narharpur, Nauniya, Nauwasta, Nongra, Padariya, Pahadiya, Pakar, Panas, Pangara, Pansi, Paraswar, Patna, Patwara, Pawaiya, Pipri, Pithaura, Purusottampur, Purwa, Radhepur, Rahikawara, Raikari, Rajapur, Rajarwara, Rampura, Rara, Raund, Reruwa Kalan, Reruwa Khurd, Reusa, Richhul, Rohaniya, Runehi, Sahijani, Sakarhat, Salaiya Kothar, Salaiya Unmukt, Sandwa, Sapti Dube, Sapti Maphi, Satnapatti Cheenda, Satnapatti Raghunath, Semarwara, Semri, Semri Kalan, Semri Khurd, Shahpur, Shivrajpur, Sijahati, Singhpur, Sitpura, Sujawal, Sukulgawan, Surdaha Kalan, Surdaha Khurd, Tiduni Motwa, Tighara, Tikuri, Tilgawan, Ujnehi, Umarhai, Umarhat, Umari, Umariha, Umri, Umri Chaube, Urdan, Urdana Kalan, Urdana Khurd, Usrar,
नागौद मध्य प्रदेश
नागौद मध्य प्रदेश के आधुनिक सतना ज़िले में ब्रिटिशकालीन एक रियासत थी। इसे 'नागोड' नाम से भी जाना जाता था। 18वीं शताब्दी तक इस रियासत को उसकी राजधानी उचेहरा के मूल नाम 'उचेहरा' से भी जाना जाता था। नागौद रियासत 1871 से 1931 तक बघेलखण्ड एजेंसी का एक हिस्सा रहा, फिर इसे अन्य छोटे राज्यों के साथ बुंदेलखंड एजेंसी को स्थानांतरित कर दिया गया। इस रियासत के अंतिम राजा श्रीमंत महेंद्र सिंह ने 1 जनवरी, 1950 को भारतीय राज्य में अपने रियासत के विलय पर हस्ताक्षर किए थे।
इतिहास: प्रतिहारों के नागौद राज्य के पूर्व उचेहरा प्रतिहार वंश की मुख्य राजधानी थी। उचेहरा में प्रतिहार सत्ता की स्थापना 14वीं शताब्दी के शुरुआत में हुई थी। 13वीं शताब्दी में यहाँ तेली (शूद्र) राजाओं का राज्य था। इनका सामना करने के लिए कन्नौज के सम्राट यशपाल प्रतिहार की पीढ़ी में राजकुमार वीरराजदेव हुआ। वह बड़ा तेजस्वी एवं महत्वाकांक्षी था। उसे कन्नौज साम्राज्य के अधीन एक सामंत बनकर रहना पसंद नहीं था। उसने अपने साथ चुने हुए राजपूतों को लेकर सन 1320 ई. में कन्नौज को छोड़ दिया और कैमोर की ओर एक नये राज्य की स्थापना के लिए चल पड़ा। इस समय चन्देलों का प्रभाव क्षीण हो रहा था। केन नदी के किनारे दायें तट पर मऊ आदि गाँवों में इधर-उधर से आकर अनेक प्रतिहार क्षत्रिय परिवार दल बस गए थे। इन्हीं के संपर्क में आकर वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार और उनके साथियों के साथ कोट गांव में ठहर गए। सिंगोरगढ़ एक छोटा सा राज्य था, जिसका निर्माण राजा गजसिंह प्रतिहार ने करवाया था। वहीं के प्रतिहार राजा कोतपाल देव ने वीरराजदेव को बुलवाया। उसकी तेजस्विता और बुद्धि से कोतपाल ने पहले तो उसे आमात्य का पद दिया और उसके सभी साथियों को सेना में रख लिया। कोतपाल देव निःसंतान था। उसने वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार को अपना वारिस भी बना दिया। सत्ता हाथ में पाते ही मौका देखकर वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार और उसके साथियों ने नरो दुर्ग को अपने अधिकार में ले लिया और वहीं अपना आवास बनाया। वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार ने (1330-1340 ई.) दस साल के अंतराल में सिंगोरगढ़ राज्य को व्यवस्थित किया और नरो दुर्ग की मरमत्त करा ली।[1]
इधर उत्तरी भारत में तुर्कों का उत्पात अपनी चरम सीमा पर था। वे सारे देश में लूटपाट, मार-काट मचा रहे थे। सन 1340 ई. में मुहम्मद बिन तुग़लक़ ने सिंगोरगढ़ पर आक्रमण कर दिया। सारा राज्य लूट लिया गया, नगर जला दिया और नरो दुर्ग को तुर्कों ने अपने हवाले कर लिया। वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार और उसकी छोटी सी राजपूती सेना, तुर्कों की विशाल सेना का सामना न कर कैमोर की तराई की ओर चली आई। इस समय लूक के राजा हम्मीरदेव और कडौली के राजा देवक के बीच लुका-छिपी लड़ाई चल रही थी। कैमोर क्षेत्र पर न तो किसी की दृष्टि थी और न ध्यान दिया गया। इसका लाभ उठाकर प्रतिहार दल उचेहरा की ओर बढ़ चला। वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार जब खोह राज्य अर्थात उचेहरा में आये, तब उचेहरा के पास एक गढ़ में तेली लोग जमे थे। उसे तेलियागढ़ नाम देकर स्वयं को राजा बना लिया था। एक रात जब तेली लोग मदांध होकर नाच गा रहे थे, वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार ने अपने साथियों को लेकर उन पर आक्रमण कर दिया। प्रतिहार राजपूतों के डर से तेली लोग भाग निकले। तेलियागढ़ पर प्रतिहार राजपूतों के सरदार वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार का झंडा लहरा उठा। यह राज्य बहुत छोटा था, किन्तु गढ़ में धन सम्पदा पर्याप्त थी, जिससे वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार ने एक सेना का गठन कर लिया और धीरे-धीरे खोह राज्य का विस्तार कर लिया। इस प्रकार सन 1344 ई. में वीरराजदेव प्रतिहार ने उचेहरा में स्वतंत्र राज्य स्थपित किया। उपरोक्त स्थानों में पाये गए उनके शिलालेखों के आधार पर उनका राज्य महाकौशल वर्तमान जबलपुर ज़िला कटनी की तहसील सतना ज़िला की मैहर, नागौद, रघुराजनगर, अमरपाटन तहसीलें एवं रीवा पठार तक फैला हुआ था। [2]
भारतीय राज्य में विलय: 1807 ई. में नागौद, पन्ना रियासत के अन्तर्गत आता था और उस रियासत को दिए गए सनद में शामिल था। हालांकि, 1809 में शिवराज सिंह को उनके क्षेत्र में एक अलग सनद द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्ति की पुष्टि हुई थी। नागौद रियासत 1820 में बेसिन की संधि के बाद एक ब्रिटिश संरक्षक बन गया। राजा बलभद्र सिंह को अपने भाई की हत्या के लिए 1831 में पदच्युत कर दिया गया था। फिजुलखर्ची और वेबन्दोबस्ती के कारण रियासत पर बहुत कर्ज हो गया और 1844 में ब्रिटिश प्रशासन ने आर्थिक कुप्रबंधन के कारण प्रशासन को अपने हाथ में ले लिया। नागौद के शासक 1857 के भारतीय विद्रोह के दौरान अंग्रेज़ों के वफादार बने रहे। फलस्वरूप उन्हें धनवाल की परगना दे दी गई। 1862 में राजा को गोद लेने की अनुमति देने वाले एक सनद प्रदान किया गया और 1865 में वहाँ का शासन पुनः राजा को दे दिया गया। नागौद रियासत 1871 से 1931 तक बघेलखण्ड एजेंसी का एक हिस्सा रहा, फिर इसे अन्य छोटे राज्यों के साथ बुंदेलखंड एजेंसी को स्थानांतरित कर दिया गया। नागौद के अंतिम राजा, महेंद्र सिंह ने 1 जनवरी, 1950 को भारतीय राज्य में अपने रियासत के विलय पर हस्ताक्षर किये।[3]
Geography
Nagod is located at 24°34′N 80°36′E / 24.57°N 80.6°E / 24.57; 80.6[1]. It has an average elevation of 330 metres (1082 feet). As of 2001 India census, Nagod had a population of 19,474. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nagod has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 60%. In Nagod, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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