Hinganghat

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)
Location ofHinganghat in Wardha district
Hinganghat-Wani-Jamb in Wardha
Hinganghat Railway staion

Hinganghat (हिंगणघाट) is a town and tahsil in Wardha district of Maharashtra. It is a Jat village and its ancient name was Danguna (दङ्गुण) as mentioned in the Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta, which prove that Prabhavatigupta, chief queen of Vakataka King Rudrasena II (356-378 CE) and daughter of Chandragupta II, was of Dharan Gotra Nagavanshi Jat .[1] Author (Laxman Burdak) passed through this town on 14-12-2007 while on Tour of South India by 2616 GT Express.

Variants

Origin of name

  • Hing (हींग) : The name Hinganghat derives from the abundance of Hing (हींग) (assafoetida) plants and ghats of the Wena River.
  • Hingan: Hingan is the hindi name of a plant Balanites aegyptica.

Location

It is located about 35 km from Wardha in south-east and 72 km from Maharashtra's second capital Nagpur in south-west. The town is located on the banks of Wena River, a tributary of Wardha River which joins to Pranhita River, which ultimately flows into the Godavari River.

Hinganghat has been, in the past, a center of the Indian cotton trade, as it is located in the fertile Wardha Valley.

Hinganghat is located at 20.57° N 78.83° E. It has an average elevation of 215 metres (705 feet).[2]

In British India Hinganghat was in center of India, but after partition of India & Pakistan the Nagpur is called as center of India.

The Hinganghat railway station lies on the main Delhi to Chennai railway line. It is the major railway station in the region. The nearest airport is Nagpur which is 70 km away from the city centre. National Highway 44 passes through Hinganghat.

Villages in Tahsil

Town: 1 Hinganghat

Villages:

1 Ajangaon, 2 Ajansara, 3 Ajanti, 4 Alamdoh, 5 Allipur, 6 Antapur, 7 Arvi, 8 Ashti, 9 Babapur, 10 Balapur, 11 Bambarda, 12 Bhagawa, 13 Bhayyapur, 14 Bhiwapur, 15 Bondurni, 16 Bopapur, 17 Borgaon, 18 Borgaon, 19 Bori, 20 Borkhedi, 21 Burkoni, 22 Chanki, 23 Chichaghat, 24 Chichghat, 25 Chikmoh, 26 Chincholi, 27 Dabha, 28 Dag, 29 Daigavhan, 30 Dalalpur, 31 Daroda, 32 Dawlapur, 33 Dhamangaon, 34 Dhanora, 35 Dhiwri Pipari, 36 Dhochi, 37 Donduda, 38 Dorla, 39 Fattepur, 40 Fukta, 41 Gadegaon, 42 Ganeshpur, 43 Gangapur, 44 Gangapur, 45 Gaul, 46 Ghatsavli, 47 Govindpur, 48 Hadsti, 49 Hivara, 50 Inzala, 51 Itlapur, 52 Jamani, 53 Jamgaon, 54 Jangona, 55 Junona, 56 Kadajana, 57 Kajalsara, 58 Kanchangaon, 59 Kangaon, 60 Kanholi, 61 Kapsi, 62 Kasarkheda, 63 Katri, 64 Kawadghat, 65 Kekatvihira, 66 Khairati, 67 Khangaon, 68 Khapri, 69 Khardi, 70 Khekdi, 71 Kingaon, 72 Kolhi, 73 Kolhi, 74 Kopra, 75 Kosurla, 76 Kosurla, 77 Kukabardi, 78 Kumbhi, 79 Kund, 80 Kutki, 81 Ladki, 82 Mankapur, 83 Manora, 84 Mansaoli, 85 Mozari, 86 Murpad, 87 Naigaon, 88 Nandgaon, 89 Nandgaon, 90 Narsala, 91 Nidha, 92 Nurapur, 93 Pardi, 94 Pawani, 95 Pimpalgaon, 96 Pimpalgaon, 97 Pipri, 98 Pohana, 99 Poti, 100 Rimdoh, 101 Rohankheda, 102 Sastabad, 103 Sasti, 104 Satefal, 105 Sati, 106 Sawangi, 107 Sawangi, 108 Sawangi, 109 Sawli, 110 Segaon, 111 Sekapur, 112 Sekapur, 113 Selu, 114 Selu, 115 Shahalangadi, 116 Sirasgaon, 117 Sirud, 118 Sonegaon, 119 Sonegaon, 120 Sonegaon, 121 Sultanpur, 122 Takli, 123 Tambhari, 124 Tembha, 125 Umari, 126 Veni, 127 Wadner, 128 Wagholi, 129 Waldhur, 130 Wani, 131 Warud, 132 Wela, 133 Yeli, 134 Yenora, 135 Yerandwadi, 136 Yerangaon, 137 Yerla, 138 Yetala,

Source - https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/4021-hinganghat-wardha-maharashtra.html

History

Hinganghat is 1500 years old. The city was named Dangunagrama in the century 5 CE. Reign of Rani Prabhavati Gupta, the queen of the Vakataka Dynasty, was also here. The Wena Dam was created by Municipal Council. Presently, seven water tanks are available. The city was historically a major centre of cotton and soyabean oil. Presently, Hinganghat is the largest industrial hub in Wardha District and ranking 4th in the Nagpur Division. The Dal mills and oil mills are also available here.

Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta were issued from Nandivardhana by Prabhavatigupta, the chief queen of the Vâkataka Maharaja Rudrasëna II and mother of the Yuvaràja Divakarasena. She was then acting as Régent for her minor son. The plates record the grant of the village Danguna (दङ्गुण), which is modern Hinganghat.

Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi [3] mentions that Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta were issued from Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) by Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त), the chief queen of the Vakataka Maharaja Rudrasena (II) and mother of the Yuvarāja Divākarasena (दिवाकरसेन). She was then acting as Regent for her minor son. The plates record the grant of the village Danguna (दंगुण). ...The donated village Danguna (दंगुण) was situated in the Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार), and lay to the east of Vilavaṇaka (विलवणक), to the south of Śirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम)(Śirīshagrama ?), to the west of Kadapiñjana (कदापिन्जन) and to the north of Sidivivaraka (सिदिविवरक. The grant is dated in the thirteenth year evidently of the boy-prince’s reign.

Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi[4] mentions that Hinganghat seems therefore to occupy the same position as the ancient village Danguna (दङ्गुण). The latter place-name appears to have been changed to Hingan in course of time, ghat being added to it as it was a fording place on the Wunna. It is noteworthy that the name of the village Kavadghat on the opposite bank of the same river also ends in ghat. As the villages mentioned in the Jamb plates as situated in the Supratishtha ahara (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार) can also be located in the Hinganghat tahsil, that ahara seems to have comprised roughly the territory now included in that tahsil. The present plates of Prabhavatigupta, though discovered in distant Poona, seem therefore to have originally belonged to the Hinganghat tahsil. (p.7)

Jat History

Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta reveal the Gotra of Prabhavatigupta to be Dharan which is a Jat clan. In this context we must note that Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of Chandragupta II and chief queen of the Vakataka king Rudrasena II describes herself as belonging to the Dharan gotra in her Poona and Riddhapur copper plate inscriptions. Dharana is clearly the gotra of her father. Hence we see that Chandragupta II was of Dharan Gotra Jat. See details at - Prabhavatigupta.

K P Jayaswal takes it to stand for Dharan, a Jat clan found in Amritsar, and on the basis of the Kaumudimahotsava he concludes that Chandragupta I was a Karaskara or Kakkar Jat. [5] This view has been supported by B.G. Gokhale.[6]

Hinganghat name is derived from Hing plant due to its abundance in the region. There was a tradition of the animal or plant Totemism among aboriginal tribes. Totem can be defined as follows: if some casters or tribes or a group of families living together accept animal or a plant as their totem, it is called the totem of that caste or tribe viz Monkey, bear, fish, serpent, dear, eagle, tortoise, pea-cock, duck and many plants etc. [7]

Acharya Chhitiji Mohan Sen [8] has defined the totem tradition: “From the most ancient time, in different countries, nations or tribes, a particular mark or insignia (animal, bird or plant) known as totem was in practice: that insignia was a subject of great respect and full faith for each and every member of the tribe or Nation. [9]

The people living in area with abundance of Hing tree were called Henga. A study of Jat clans reveals that Henga (हेंगा) is a Jat clan.

The study of naming of the peoples or places in Nagpur region of Maharashtra indicates that they have phonetic similarity with Nagavanshi Jat clans or Jat Places. Such a similarity is probably due to the fact that Nagavanshi Jats had been rulers of this area in antiquity.

Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta provides us the prof of above fact as the Gotra of Prabhavatigupta was Dharan which is a Nagavanshi Jat clan.

There is further need to research and establish above inter-connection.

Jat Gotras Namesake

The study of naming of the peoples or places in Nagpur region of Maharashtra indicates that they have phonetic similarity with Nagavanshi Jat clans or Jat Places. Following partial list provides us such a similarity, which is probably due to the fact that Nagavanshi Jats had been inhabitants/ rulers of this area in antiquity.

There is further need to study ancient history of these places and establish any inter-connection. This compilation does not claim any inter-connection but is to help further research.

Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta

No.2: Plate II
Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta
(Originally belonged to the Hinganghat tahsil)

Source - Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9

Sanskrit Text
First plate

१ द्रष्टम् [।*] सिद्धम् [।*] जितम्भगवता [।*] स्वस्ति [।*] नान्दिवर्द्धनादासीद्गुप्तादि[राजो] म[हाराज]

२ श्रीघटोत्कचस्तस्य सत्पुत्रो महाराजश्री चन्द्रगुप्तस्तस्य सत्पुत्रो-

३ नेकाश्वमेधयाजी लिच्छविदो(दौ)हित्रौ महादेव्या कुमारदेव्यामुत्पन्नो

४ महाराजाधिराजश्रीसमुद्रगुप्तस्तस्य(त्स)त्पुत्रस्तत्पादपारिगृहीत

५ पृथिव्यामप्रतिरथस्सर्व्वराजोछे(च्छे)त्ता चतुरुदधिसलिलास्वादित-

६ यशा नेकगोहिरण्यकोटिसहस्त्रप्रद=परमभागवतो महारा-

७ जाधिराजश्रीसमुद्रगुप्तस्तस्य दुहिता धारणसगोत्रा नागकुलसम्भू-

८ ताया (या) श्रीमहादेव्या कुबेरनागायामुत्पन्नोभयकुलालङ्कारभूतात्यन्तभगवद्भक्ता

९ वाकाटकाना महाराजश्रीरुद्रसेनस्याग्रमहिषी युवराज-

१० [श्री]दिवाकरसेनजननी श्रीप्रभावति(ती)गुप्ता सुप्रतिष्ठाहारे

Second plate

११ विलवणकस्य पूर्व्वपार्श्वे शीर्षग्रामस्य दक्षिणपार्श्वे कदापिन्जनस्यापरवा[र्श्वे]

१२ सिदिविवरकस्योत्तरपार्श्वे दङ्गुणग्रामे ब्रह्मणाद्यान्ग्रामकुटुम्बिन=कुशल-

१३ मुक्तवा समाज्ञापयति [।*]विदितमस्तु वो यथाम ग्रामोस्वाभि स्वपुण्याप्यायना[र्थ]

१४ कर्त्तिकशुक्लद्वादश्या(श्या) भगवत्पादमूले निवेद्य भगवद्भक्ताचार्य्यचनालस्वामिने पूर्व्व-

१५ दत्त्या उदकपूर्व्वमतिसृष्टो यतो भवद्भिरुचितमर्य्यादया सर्व्वाज्ञा=कर्तव्या[*]पूर्व्व-

१६ [राज्जा]नुमताश्चात्र चातुर्विद्याग्रहारपरिहारान्वितरामस्तद्यथाभट्च्छत्र प्रावेश्य

१७ आचारासनचर्म्माङ्गारकिण्व क्रेणिखनक अपा [र*]म्पर[*]अ[खनि]मेध्य अपुष्पक्षीरस[न्दोह]

१८ सनिधिस्सोपनिधिस्सकृपतोपकृप्त [।*]न[त] देष भविष्यद्राजभिस्सरक्षितव्य [*] परिवर्द्ध-

१९ यितव्यश्च [।*] यश्चास्मच्छासनमगणयमानस्सवल्पामप्यत्राबाधा(धा) कुर्य्यात्कारयीत वा

२० तस्य ब्राह्मणे(णै)रावेदितस्य सदण्डनिग्रह कुर्य्याम [।*] व्यास्गि(गी)तश्चात्र श्लोको भवति [।*]

२१ स्वदत्ताम्परदत्ता(त्ता) वा यो हरेत वसुन्धरा(राम्) [।*] गवा(वां) शतसहस्त्रस्यहन्तु-र्हरति दुष्कृतम् [॥*]

२२ सवत्सरे च त्रयोदशमे लिखितमिद(द) शासनम(म्) [।*] चक्क्रदासेनोत्कट्टितम [।*]

Seal

१ वाकाटकललामस्य

२ [क्र]मप्राप्तनृपश्रिय [।*]

३ जनन्या युवराजस्य

४ शासन रिपुशास[न][म्।।*]
Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta [16]

[p.5]: These copper-plates were found in the possession of one Balwant Bhau Nagarkar, a coppersmith of Poona who originally hailed from Ahmadnagar in the Maharashtra State. They are said to have been preserved as an heirloom in his family for some generations. They, however, seem to have originally belonged to the Hinganghat (हिंगणघाट) tahsil of the Wardha District in Vidarbha; for, as shown below, most of the places mentioned in this grant can be located in that tahsil. The plates were at first very briefly noticed by Prof. K. B. Pathak in the Indian Antiquary, Vol. XLI, pp. 214-15. Their importance was immediately recognised and the information furnished by them was utilised by V.A.Smith in his article entitled ‘ The Vakataka Dynasty of the Central Provinces and Berar ’ published in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1914, pp. 317 f. They were later edited with facsimiles and an English translation by K. B. Pathak and K. N. Dikshit in the Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XV, pp. 40 f. They are edited here from the same facsimiles as their present whereabouts are not known.

The plates are two in number,......contains four lines of inscription, with figures of the sun and the moon above and a flower at the bottom. The weight of the plates and the ring is 97 tolas. The record is engraved only on the inner side of the two plates, the first containing 10 lines, and the second, 12 lines. The letters on the first plate are somewhat larger than those on the second; the average size of the former is 1/4" and that of the latter is 3/16". The writing is in a fair state of preservation.

The characters are mostly of the nail-headed variety having a triangle with its apex downwards at the top of the letters. A few letters, however, are of the boxheaded type in which all other inscriptions of the Vakatakas were written. See, e.g., Vakataka- in line 1 of the seal and si of siddham in line 1 on the first plate. It is noteworthy that besides their box-heads, some of these letters (e.g. v and s) have forms which are different from those noticed elsewhere in this grant. They agree with those in other grants of boxheaded characters. It would seem therefore that the scribe began to write the present grant in box-headed characters, but not being accustomed to them, he soon changed over to nailheaded characters with which he was more familiar. He may have hailed from North India where the nail-headed characters were in vogue.

The characters show an admixture of northern and southern peculiarities, the former predominating over the latter. Thus, g and s have a loop at the lower end of their left member; ṇ has its vertical and upper bar divided into two; sh and ś are looped, but t and m are not; the vertical of I is shortened and the tail of h turns sharply to the left. Besides these northern characteristics, the following southern ones may also be noticed: a, k and r have a curve turned to the left at the bottom of their verticals; the lingual ḍ is round-backed; the medial ṛi is shown by a curve turned to the left in sa-kṛipt-opakṛiptaḥ, line 18, but in pṛithivyām-.

[p.6]:line 5 and -atisṛishṭo in line 15 the curve turns to the right. The jihvāmūlīya occurs twice in lines 12 and 15, and the upadhmānīya once only in line 6. The language is Sanskrit and except for two verses, one on the seal and the other of the usual imprecatory type at the end, the whole record is in prose. As regards orthography, we may notice the reduplication of the consonant after r as in Nāndivarddhanāt in line 1 and the use of ri for ṛi in drishtam in the margin of lines 2-3.

The record comences with drishtam, ‘ seen ’. The plates were issued from Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) by Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त), the chief queen of the Vakataka Maharaja Rudrasena (II) and mother of the Yuvarāja Divākarasena (दिवाकरसेन). She was then acting as Regent for her minor son. The plates record the grant of the village Danguna (दंगुण) which the dowager queen made to Acharya Chanālasvāmin on the twelfth tithi of the bright fortnight of Karttika, evidently after observing a fast on the preceding Prabodhini Ekadasi. Prabhavatigupta is described as a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (i.e. Vishnu). She first offered the gift to the foot-prints of the Bhagavat, who is probably the same as Rāmagirisvāmin mentioned in her later Riddhapur plates, and then made it over to the Acharya. The donated village was situated in the Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार), and lay to the east of Vilavaṇaka (विलवणक), to the south of Śirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम)(Śirīshagrama ?) and to the north of Kadapiñjana. The grant is dated in the thirteenth year evidently of the boy-prince’s reign. The scribe was Chakradāsa.

It is noteworthy that though Prabhavatigupta describes herself as the Chief Queen of the Vakataka Mahdraja Rudrasena (II), she gives the genealogy of the Guptas and not of the Vakatakas in the introductory portion of the present grant. This is also noticed in her later grant recorded in the Riddhapur plates. She was evidently very proud of her descent from the imperial Gupta family.

The genealogy begins with Maharaja Ghatotkatcha, the first king of the Gupta (dynasty). His son was Maharaja Chandragupta (I); the latter’s son from the Mahadevi Kumaradevi was Maharajadhiraja Samudragupta, the daughter’s son of the Lichchhavi (chief), who performed several ashvamedha sacrifices ; his son was Maharajadhiraja Chandragupta (II) a devout worshipper of the Bhagavat; the latter’s daughter from the Mahadevi Kuberanaga who was born in a Naga family was Prabhavatigupta. She was the chief queen of the Vakataka Maharaja Rudrasena (II) and mother of the Yuvaraja Divakarasena. (Ghatotkatcha → Chandragupta (I) → Samudragupta → Chandragupta (II) or Devagupta) → Prabhavatigupta wife of Rudrasena II)

It will be noticed that the description of Prabhavati’s Gupta ancestors given in the present grant does not agree completely with that noticed in genuine Gupta records. In the first place it makes no mention of Gupta, the founder of the dynasty. Secondly, Chandragupta I is mentioned with the lower title of Maharaja, not with the imperial one of Maharajadhiraja as in Gupta records. Thirdly, some of the epithets used here to describe Chandragupta II were usually applied to his father Samudragupta2. Notwithstanding these differences, the grant is undoubtedly genuine as we find that the genealogy given here is repeated verbatim in the Riddhapur plates of the dowager queen3.

The importance of the present grant lies in this that it placed for the first time the Vakataka genealogy on a sound basis. In the Vakataka grants discovered before (viz-, the Chammak, Siwani and Dudia plates of Pravarasena II) Prabhavatigupta was described as the daughter of Maharajadhiraja Devagupta. Fleet identified this Devagupta with

1. No. 8, below.

2. See e.g. the Allahabad stone pillar inscription of Samudragupta and the Bhitari stone pillar inscription of Skandagupta.

3. In the Riddhapur plates, Samudragupta also is mentioned with the lower title of Maharaja. See No. 8, line 4.

[p.7]: the homonymous king of the Later Gupta dynasty, mentioned in the Deo-Barnark pillar inscription and thus relegated the Vakatakas to the eighth century A.C. His opinion was accepted by Kielhorn and Sukhtankar. The present inscription, which states clearly that Prabhavati was the daughter of the Early Gupta king Chandragupta II, proved unmistakably, for the first time, that she lived in the last quarter of the fourth century A.C. It has since been shown that Devagupta was a favourite name of Chandragupta II and so it finds a mention in Vakataka grants.

As for the localities mentioned in the present grant,

Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) was identified by Hiralal with Nandardhan or Nagardhan (नगरधन) near Ramtek. The identification has since been corroborated by several proofs. The other villages, however, remained unidentified. A clue to their location was afforded by the Jamb plates of Pravarasena II, discovered in 1940, which also mention the same Supratishtha ahara. With this clue I could identify some of the villages mentioned in the present grant.

Vilavanaka (विलवणक) seems to be Vani (वाणी), about 2-1/2 miles to the west, and

Kadapinjana (कदापिन्जन, Kadhajan 3 miles to the south by east of Hinganghat.

Hinganghat seems therefore to occupy the same position as the ancient village Danguna (दङ्गुण). The latter place-name appears to have been changed to Hingan in course of time, ghat being added to it as it was a fording place on the Wunna. It is noteworthy that the name of the village Kavadghat on the opposite bank of the same river also ends in ghat. As the villages mentioned in the Jamb plates as situated in the Supratishtha ahara (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार) can also be located in the Hinganghat tahsil, that ahara seems to have comprised roughly the territory now included in that tahsil. The present plates of Prabhavatigupta, though discovered in distant Poona, seem therefore to have originally belonged to the Hinganghat tahsil.

1. Read मतिसृष्ट:; 2. Read राजा- ; 3. Read च्छात्र- as in other Vakataka plates. 4. Some grants add लवण before किण्व; 5. The previous editors read अ(पशु), but the aksharas are clearly as given above; 6. Read सक्लृप्तोपक्लृप्त; 7. Read कारयेद्वा 8. Metre: Anushtubh; 9 Read त्रयोदशे; 10. Metre: Anushtubh.
Translation

[p.8]: Seen. Success! Victory has been attained by the Bhagavat! Hail! From Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) —

There was the Maharaja, the illustrious Ghatotkacha (घटोत्कच), the first king of the Guptas.11 His excellent son [was) the Maharaja, the illustrious Chandragupta (I) (चन्द्रगुप्त I). His excellent son (was) the Maharajadhiraja, the illustrious Samudragupta (समुद्रगुप्त), (who was) born of the Mahadevi Kumaradevi (कुमारदेवी); (who was) the daughter’s son of the Lichchhavi (लिच्छवि) (chief) ; (and) who performed several horse- sacrifices. His excellent son [is) the Maharajadhiraja, the illustrious Chandragupta (II), graciously favoured by him12 (i.e., Samudragupta) (चन्द्रगुप्त II), who is a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (Vishnu) ; who is a matchless warrior on the earth13; who has exterminated all kings; whose fame has tasted the waters of the four oceans14; (and) who has donated many thousands of crores of cows and gold [coins ) .

(Line 7) His daughter, the illustrious Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त) of the Dharana gotra, born of the illustrious Mahadevi Kuberanaga (कुबेरनाग), who was (herself) born in the Naga family (नागकुल); who is a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (Vishnu) ; who (was) the Chief Queen of the illustrious Rudrasena (II) (रुद्रसेन II), the Maharaja of the Vakatakas (वाकाटक); who is the mother of the Yuvaraja, the illustrious

11. Pathak and Dikshit translated, “who had Gupta as the first king”. But see Guptanām-adirājo in lines 1-2 of the Riddhapur plates (No. 8, below), which shows that the intended sense is as given here,

12. Lit. favoured by his feet.

l3. These adjectives are usually applied to Samudragupta.

14. This expression is generally translated as ‘ whose fame has been tasted by the waters of the four oceans . See CII Vol. III, p. 54 and Ep. Ind., Vol. XV, p. 43. But compare ti-samuda-toya-pita-vāhanasa [ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 60), which shows that the intended sense is as above.

[p.9]: Divakarasena (दिवाकरसेन); — having announced (her) good health, commands the householders of the village, Brahmanas and others, (residing) in the village of Danguna (दङ्गुण), (situated) in the āhāra of Supratishtha (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार), to the east of Vilavanaka (विलवणक), to the south of Shirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम), to the west of Kadapinjana (कदापिन्जन) and to the north of Sidivivaraka (सिदिविवरक), as follows : —

“Be it known to you that on the twelfth (lunar day) of the bright [fortnight) of Karttika, We have, for augmenting our own religious merit, donated this village, with the pouring out of water, to the Achārya Chanālasvāmin, who is a devotee of the Bhagavat, as a gift not previously made, after having offered it to the foot-prints of the Bhagavat. Wherefore, you should obey all (his) commands, with proper respect.

(L. 16) And We confer here on (him) the following exemptions incidental to an agrahāra granted to the Chaturvidya (Brahmanas) , as approved by former kings : — (This village is) not to be entered by soldiers and policemen1 ;(it is) exempt from (the obligation to provide) grass, hides as seats, and charcoal2 (to touring royal officers) ; exempt from (the royal prerogative of) purchasing fermenting liquors3 and digging (salt) ; exempt from (the right to) mines and khadira trees4; exempt from (the obligation to supply) flowers and milk; (it is donated) together with (the right to) hidden treasures and deposits (and) together with major and minor taxes5.

(L. 18) Wherefore, this (grant) should be maintained and augmented by future kings. Whoever, disregarding Our order, will (himself) cause or make (others) cause the slightest obstruction, upon him, when complained against by the Brahmanas, We will inflict punishment together with a fine.

And there is, on this point, (the following) verse sung by Vyasa: —

(Here occurs an imprecatory verse.)

(L. 22) This charter6 has been written in the thirteenth (regnal) year. (It has been) engraved by Chakradāsa.

Seal

[This is) the enemy-chastising command of the Mother of the Yuvarāja, the ornament of the Vakatakas, who has attained royal fortune by inheritance.

1. Bhatas are soldiers and chhātras (lit. umbrella-bearers), who correspond to the chātas of other records (cf. No. 19, line 37), are policemen. They were forbidden to enter the donated villages except for apprehending thieves and persons accused of high treason. Cf. No. 19, lines 37-38.

2. Fleet translated, ‘ It does not carry with it (the right to) pasturage, hides and charcoal ’. He thought that this and other similar expressions reserved certain rights to the villagers against the grantees. See C.I.I., Vol. III, p. 242, n. 1. This does not appear to be correct. The expression evidently exempts the donee from the duty of feeding and lodging royal officers during their stay in the village. Later grants mention a tax called vasati-danda (वसति दण्ड), which was levied for the purpose. See Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 225 and n. Cf. a-taṇa-kaṭṭha-gahaṇam in the Hirahadagalli plates. Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 5 f.

3. Kiṇva (किण्व) is a drug or seed used to cause fermentation in the manufacture of spirits. See MSM., ch. VIII, 326. Later grants mention that the right to mahua trees from which liquor was manufactured was transferred to the donee. C.I.I., Vol. IV, p. 343.

4. Pathak and Dikshit, who read a-pashu-medhyah in line 17, translated, ‘ not to have an animal sacrifice ’, but the reading of the text is clearly a-khani-medhyah. Medhya (मेध्य) has therefore to be taken in the sense of ‘ Khadira trees. ’

5. Kautilya Arthasāstra (p. 60) gives kḷipta in the sense of ‘fixed assessment’. Klipta and upaklipta correspond to bhaga and bhoga, which occur in the grants of Bharatabala and the kings of Sarabhapura. Klipta probably means ‘land-tax' and upklipta miscellaneous taxes in cash or kind.

6. Fleet translated ripushāsanam by ‘a charter for (the observance of even) his enemies’. Pathak and Dikshit translated as above.

Wiki editor Notes

  • Danguna (दङ्गुण) - Hinganghat seems to occupy the same position as the ancient village Danguna (दङ्गुण). (p.7)
In this context we must note that Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of Chandragupta II and chief queen of the Vakataka king Rudrasena II describes herself as belonging to the Dharana gotra in her Poona and Riddhapur copper plate inscriptions. Dharana is clearly the gotra of her father, as the gotra of her husband Rudrasena II is specifically mentioned as Visnuvrddha in the Chammak copper plate inscription of Pravarasena II. [20][21]
K P Jayaswal takes it to stand for Dharan, a Jat clan found in Amritsar, and on the basis of the Kaumudimahotsava he concludes that Chandragupta I was a Karaskara or Kakkar Jat. [22]
This view has been supported by Gokhale.[23]
  • Supratishtha ahara (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार) can also be located in the Hinganghat tahsil, that ahara seems to have comprised roughly the territory now included in that tahsil. (p.7)
Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta: Hindi Translation
हिन्दी अर्थान्तरण
प्रथम पत्र

वाकाटक वंश के भूषण, राजलक्ष्मी को वंशानुक्रम से पाने वाले युवराज की माता का, शत्रुओं से भी माना जाने वाला शासन (आ-ज्ञापत्र) है।

शिद्धं ॥ विष्णु की जय हो । कल्याण हो । नन्दिवर्धन स्थान से गुप्त आदि राजा महाराज घटोत्कच थे। उनका सत्पुत्र महाराज श्री चन्द्रगुप्त उनका सत्पुत्र अनेक अश्वमेध यज्ञ करने वाला लिच्छवियों का दौहित्र महादेवी कुमारदेवी से उत्पन्न महाराजाधिराह श्री समुद्रगुप्त उसका सत्पुत्र उसके द्वारा स्वीकृत किया हुआ, पृथ्वी में जिसका सामना करने वाला कोई नहीं था, सभी राजाओं को नष्ट करने वाला, जिसका यश चारों समुद्र के जल तक फ़ैला था, कोटि सहस्त्र गौ, सुवर्ण का दान देने वाला, परमभागवत महाराजाधिराज श्री चन्द्रगुप्त की दुहिता (पुत्री), धारण गोत्र वाली, नागकुल की महादेवी कुबेरनाग से उत्पन्न, दोनों कुलों के कुलों की आभूषण भगवदभक्तया वाकाटकों के महराज श्री रुद्रसेन की अग्रमहिषी (बड़ी पत्नि) ।

द्वितीय पत्र

युवराज दिवाकरसेन की माता श्री प्रभावती गुप्ता सुप्रतिष्ठित नामक आहार में विल्वण ग्राम के पूर्व पार्श्व में शीर्ष ग्राम के दक्षिण पार्श्व में कदापिञ्जन के दूसरे पार्श्व में दङ्गुण नामक ग्राम कुटुम्बियों के कुशल मंगल के लिये कहकर ब्राह्मण को दिया गया। ज्ञात हो कि यह ग्राम अपने पुण्य की प्राति के लिये कार्तिक शुक्ल द्वादशी को भगवत पाद मूल (पादुकाओं) पर निवेदन करके भगवदभक्त आचार्य चलानस्वामी को पहले दिया गया पीछे जल पूर्वक (हाथ में जल के साथ) पुष्ट किया गया । आप को उचित मर्यादा के अनुसार सबी आज्ञाओं का पालन करना चाहिये । पूर्व राजाओं की अनुमति के अनुसार दिया गया है चारों विद्याओं के लिये अग्रहारा, तालाब और वाटिकायें, सैनिक तथा छत्र (मठों के दल के एक प्रमुख) के प्रवेश के लिये, दौरे वाले अधिकारियों के घोडों के लिये घास (चारा), उनके रहने के लिये स्थान (आसन चर्मन), भोजन पकाने के लिये कोयला (अङ्गार), कोमल भोज्य पदार्थ (किन्न-क्रेणि), यज्ञ के लिये पशु (पशुमेध्य:), पुष्प, क्षीर, पृथ्वी के अन्दर प्राप्त होने वाली सम्पत्ति (निधि),पृथ्वी तल पर प्राप्त होने वाली सामग्रियां (उपनिधि), निश्चित कर (कृप्त) और अनिश्चित कर (उपकृत) । जो इस इस आदेश के पालन करने में कमी या बाधा उत्पन्न करेगा या करायेगा (rest translated by self ), जब ब्रामणों द्वार ऐसी शिकायत की जावे तो उसको दंड दिया जयेगा । यह लेख १३ वें वर्ष में चक्रदास द्वारा लिखा गया है ।

नोट - अंतिम दो पंक्तियों को छोड़ कर शेष अर्थान्तर भारतीय पुरालेखों का अध्ययन द्वारा शिव स्वरुप सहाय की पुस्तक पर आधारित है ।

Notable persons

  • Baba Amte India's Social and moral leader, was born December 24, 1914 at Hinganghat.
  • William Lambton a British soldier, surveyor, and geographer died at Hinganghat on January 19, 1823 when he was piloting Survey of India, resulting the measurement of Mount Everest

External links

References

  1. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9
  2. ↑ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Hinganghat
  3. ↑ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534007/page/n127/mode/1up?view=theater Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9]
  4. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9
  5. ↑ Tej Ram Sharma:Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions, pp. 16-17
  6. ↑ B.G. Gokhale, Samudragupta, Life and Times, pp. 25-26.
  7. ↑ Dr Naval Viyogi: Nagas the Ancient Rulers of India, p.226
  8. ↑ Bharat mien jati bhed, pp.111-112
  9. ↑ Dr Naval Viyogi: Nagas the Ancient Rulers of India, p.227
  10. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9
  11. ↑ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534007/page/n127/mode/1up?view=theater Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9]
  12. ↑ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534007/page/n127/mode/1up?view=theater Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9]
  13. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.7
  14. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.9
  15. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.7
  16. ↑ [http://www.archive.org/stream/corpusinscriptio014677mbp#page/n119/mode/2up Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. V, 1963, pp.7-8]
  17. ↑ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534007/page/n127/mode/1up?view=theater Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9]
  18. ↑ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534007/page/n127/mode/1up?view=theater Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9]
  19. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9
  20. ↑ Tej Ram Sharma:Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions, pp. 16-17
  21. ↑ D.C. Sircar, Select Inscriptions, pp. 436-37, f.n. 9 : The queen refers to her paternal gotra rather than that of her husband's family
  22. ↑ Tej Ram Sharma:Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions, pp. 16-17
  23. ↑ B.G. Gokhale, Samudragupta, Life and Times, pp. 25-26.
  24. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9
  25. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.7
  26. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.9
  27. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.7

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