Tiwerkhed
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Tiwerkhed (तिवरखेड़) is a historical village in Multai tahsil in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Tiwarkhed Plates of Nannaraja of Saka year 553 (=631 AD) refers itself to the Rashtrakuta dynasty and records the grant of lands in the villages Tiverekheṭa and Ghuikheṭa, situated on the south bank of the Ambeviaraka River.[1]
Variant
- Tivarakhed (तिवरखेड़)
- Tiwarkhed/Tiwarkhēḍ (तिवरखेड़)
- Tiverekheṭa/Tiverekheta (तिवेरेखेट)
Location
Tiwerkhed village is located in Multai tehsil of Betul district in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is situated 26km away from sub-district headquarter Multai.
History
(108) Tiwarkhed Plates of Nannaraja of Saka year 553 (=631 AD)
[p.76]: Tiwarkhed is a village 14 miles from Multai and 43 miles from Badnur. The inscription refers itself to the Rashtrakuta dynasty, of which four kings are mentioned, the same as given in the Multai plates1 : Durgaraja, his son Govindaraja, his son Svamikaraja, whose son was Nannaraja. The last was also known as Yuddhāsura, which is mentioned on the seal to which the plates were found strung.
The charter records the grant of lands in the villages Tiverekheṭa and Ghuikheṭa, situated on the south bank of the Ambeviaraka nadi, on two occasions, viz, the Maha Kartiki day and on a solar eclipse. It also states that two officers of State gave 10 nivartanas of land of Karanjamalaya, on the eastern bank of the Sārsavāhalā and the Darbhavāhalā. The charter was afterwards issued from Achalapura, and is dated in the Saka year 553 in the month of Kartika, corresponding to October 631 A. D. In that month, however, there was no solar eclipse. Apparently the eclipse referred to is the one which occurred on 7th February 631 A.D., when the first grant was actually made. The second must have been made in the month of Kartika after which the charter was issued.
This is an important record, inasmuch as it decides once for all that the Rashtrakutas dominated the Multai plateau. Of course the Multai plates pointed to the same conclusion, “but as none of the five villages mentioned in that record was traceable in the Betul District, there was room for suspicion which the present charter removes.
Tiverekheta is certainly Tiwarkhed, where the plates were found, and Ambhora nadi, on whose bank Tiwarkhed lies, is apparently the Ambeviaraka nadi of the record.
Achalapura is identified with Ellichpur of the Amraoti District. The other places mentioned cannot be definitely located. If Karanjamalaya vas a village, its modern representative must be one of the numerous Karanjas in Berar. There is a Ghuikheḍ about 40 miles away, but the river Ambhora does not run to it.
1 Indian Antiquary, Volume XVIII, page 234.
Sangalooda Copper-plate No. 17 of Nannaraja or Yuddhasura of Śaka year 615
The Indian Analyst [2] mentions.... Copper-plate No. 17 discovered in the village of Sangalooda in the Akola District, Madhya Pradesh, is another important charter in the year’s collection. It belongs to the early Rāshṭrakūṭa dynasty of Vidarbha (Berar) and consists of three plates held together by a ring bearing a seal containing the legend Śrī Ju(Yu)[ddhā]suraḥ. The charter, issued by king Nannarāja alias Yuddhāsura from his capital Padmanagara in the Śaka year 615, Kārttika, śu. di Paurṇa māsī, records grant of lands in the villages Umbarikā and Vaṭapuraka to Hara gaṇa-Dvivēdin, a son of Bhūtagaṇa-bhaṭṭa, grandson of Varmmullaka-Chatur vēdin of Vārula-gōtra, Kauśika-pravara and Taittirīya-charaṇa, who was a resident of Tagara and was running a feeding house (anivārita-annasattra). The king’s genealogy is traced as follows : Durgarāja of the Rāshṭrakūṭa family, his son Gōvindarāja, a victor in many battles, his son Svāmikarāja, his son Nannarāja alias Yuddhāsura who is described as paramabrahmaṇya and paramabhāgavata. The Tiwarkhēḍ plates and the Multāi plates of Nannarāja also contain the same genealogy as the one given in the present grant. The first of these two charters is dated Śaka 553 and the second Śaka 631. The disparity in the dates of the two records purporting to belong to one and the same king gave room for doubting the correctness of either or both of these dates. The discovery of the present charter whose date falls close to that of the Multāi plates and whose text also is identical up to the mention of Nannarāja with that of the same plates, would attest to the correctness of the date of the Multāi plates, namely Śaka 631. Consequently the date Śaka 553 of the Tiwarkhēḍ plates appears to be a mistake for some other date. It would therefore follow that Nannarāja ruled from Śaka 615 up to at least Śaka 631. The grant is published in Epigraphia Indica., Vol. XXIX, pp. 109 ff.
Nagardhan Plates Of Svamiraja : (Kalachuri) Year 322 (=573 AD)
Nagardhan Plates Of Svamiraja : (Kalachuri) Year 322 (=573 AD)[3] ...The plates were issued from Nandivardhana (नान्दीवार्द्धन) (L.1) by Nannarâja (नन्नराज) (L.2) , who meditated on the feet of his brother Svâmirâja (स्वामिराज) (L.1-2) , during whose reign the grant was made.
The royal family to which Svâmirâja and Nannarâja belonged is not specified in the present grant, but since these names occur in two early Rashtrakuta [p.613]: records discovered in Vidarbha, viz , the Tivarakhed1 and the Multai2 plates, with the slight change of Svâmirâja into Svamikarâja, it seems very likely that the princes mentioned here also belonged to the same royal lineage.3
1. Ep Ind. Vol XI, pp 274 ff
2. Ind Ant, Vol XVIII, pp 230 ff
3. Svâmirâja and his brother Nannarâja were not, however, identical with Svâmikaràja and, his son Nannarâja. The latter flourished at the close of the seventh and in the beginning of the eighth century A C as shown by the Multai plates dated, Saka 631 (709-10 A C). The Tivarakhed plates, which give the earlier date of Saka 553 (631-32A C ), are undoubtedly spurious. The present grant, on the other hand, was made in 573 AC, more than a hundred and thirty-five years before, as shown below. For a detailed examination of this question, see Ind Hist Quart, Vol XXV, pp 138 ff.