Uttaramadra
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Uttaramadra (उत्तरमद्र) was the northern branch of the Madra people who are numerously referenced in ancient Sanskrit and Pali literature.
Variants
- Uttaramadra (उत्तरमद्र) (AS, p.92)
- Uttara Madra (उत्तर-मद्र) (AS, p.92)
Origin
Mention by Panini
- Balhika-Uttaramadra (बाल्हीक-उत्तरमद्र) have been mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi. [1]
History
In Aitareya Brahmana (VIII.14), the Uttarakuru and the Uttaramadra tribes are stated to be living beyond Himalaya. Aitareya Brahmana also adduces these two people as an example of republican (vairajiya) janapadas or nations, where whole Janapada took the consecration of rulership. [2]
The Vamsa Brahmana (1/18)[3] of the Sama Veda refers to Madrakara Shaungayani as the teacher of Aupamanyava Kamboja. Sage Shangayani Madrakara, as his name itself shows, and as the scholars have rightly pointed out, belonged to the Madra people. This connection between the Uttaramadras and the Kambojas is but natural, as they were close neighbors in the north-west (Vedic Index)).
Jean Przylusky has shown that Bahlika (Balkh) was an Iranian settlement of the Madras who were known as Bahlika-Uttaramadras.
The Kambojas, the neighbors of the Uttaramadras, here obviously refers to the Parama-Kambojas branch the Kambojas located in Trans-Hindukush regions.
From the fact that Kamboja Aupamanyava is stated to be pupil of sage Shangayani Madrakara, scholars like A. B. Keith and A. A. Macdonell of the Vedic Index as well as H. Zimmer and others postulate a possible connection of the Uttaramadras with the Kambojas who are stated to have had both Iranian as well as Indian affinities.
Zimmer, Ludwig, B. C. Law, A. D. Pusalkar and others think that Kamboja Aupamanyava was the son or descendant of sage Upamanyu of the Rig Veda (I.102.9).
उत्तरमद्र
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[4] ने लेख किया है ... उत्तरमद्र (AS, p.92): ऐतरेय ब्राह्मण में उत्तरमद्र के निवासियों का हिमवान् के पार के प्रदेश में वर्णन है और उन्हें उत्तर कुरु के पार्श्व में बसा हुआ बताया गया है। जिमर और मेकडॉनेल्ड के अनुसार उत्तर-मद्र का देश वर्तमान कश्मीर में सम्मिलित था। दक्षिण-मद्र रावी और चिनाब के बीच का प्रदेश था। ऐतरेय ब्राह्मण का उल्लेख इस प्रकार है- 'एतस्यामुदीच्यां दिशि ये के च परेण हिमवन्तं जनपदा उत्तरकुरब उत्तरमद्रा इति वैराज्यायैव तेऽभिषिच्यिन्ते'। (ऐतरेय 8, 14)
इस उद्धरण से यह भी सूचित होता है कि उत्तर-मद्र देश में वैराज्यप्रथा थी जिसका अर्थ बिना राज्य की शासन-पद्धति अथवा गणराज्य का कोई प्रकार हो सकता है। (देखें उत्तरकुरु) नं. ला. डे[5] के अनुसार फ़ारस का मीडिया प्रान्त ही उत्तर-मद्र है।
External links
References
- ↑ V S Agarwal: India as Known to Panini, p.49
- ↑ tasmad atasyam udichya dishi ye ke ca pren himvantam janapada uttarakurva uttaramadra iti vairajyaya te.abhishichyante — (Aitareya Brahmana, VIII/14)
- ↑ http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/sv/vb/vb.htm
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.92
- ↑ Geographical Dictionary of Ancient India