22 March 2004.
For a person who once wielded unequivocal influence over 84 village panchayats, he is surprisingly low-key. The 75-year-old Bharatiya Kisan Union founder, Mahendra Singh Tikait, spoke to Gargi Parsai on the problem of farmers in his village of Sisoli in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh. Excerpts:
What is the condition of the farmer today?
He is suffering, whether it is from drought or from man-made situations. The sugarcane factories are not paying in time and farmers are getting into debt. We are like bonded labourers. There is no employment in villages. Our youth are getting wayward and taking to alcoholism and petty crime.
We know that the sugarcane sown here has a recovery of 13.5 per cent for the early variety and 11 per cent for the late variety. But even if the mills show a recovery of 8 per cent and the price of sugar is Rs. 12 a kg, then the sugarcane grower should get a minimum of Rs. 96 a quintal as his price. That is not happening and the price of all inputs have gone up.
But no one is listening to farmers. They have to patiently tolerate everything. This is the second year in a row that farmers have been pushed back.
Have the Kisan Credit Cards made a difference?
These are Kisan Credit "Kaals" (disasters) because the farmers' land is mortgaged. Even for a minimum credit loan limit of Rs. 10,000 per acre, a farmer's entire land, which is worth lakhs, is mortgaged to the bank.
There have been several instances where if the farmer has been unable to pay, such land has been attached and deposited in the District Magistrate's khata (account).
So, this card will bring disaster to the farmer. You will see the results in the next four years.
But then why is the farmer not protesting? What has happened to kisan movements?
The farmers are divided today. They are divided in biradariwad (communities).
Is the BKU not uniting them?
We have brought together 40 per cent farmers over 15 to 16 years, whereas it took 90 years to get freedom from the British. But farmers must get out of biradariwad.
After Charan Singhji ...
Chaudhary Charan Singh to is kalyug ke avtaar the (Chaudhary Charan Singh was a messiah of this era). Nobody can reach him or be compared to him. We can only remember him, not step into his shoes.
But his son, Ajit Singh, has inherited his populism amongst the Jats in this region?
Youth are now seeking a change. Not on the basis of caste or community, but on humanitarian grounds.
Is that why you have formed a party?
Yes, our karyakartas (workers) wanted that. They made Rakesh (his son) the president.
The Government says that there is a "feel good" factor in the country.
They're right. But change these words to gur fail (jaggery fail). We go to the Government seeking protection and they say that we have to perish.
Why is the farmer not getting the price for his produce? Why is he indebted? Why are MPs and MLAs not in debt?
They have lakhs in Swiss bank, where the minimum you've to deposit is Rs. 1 crore.
Now they're saying there will be contract farming. This is another step to push out small and marginal farmers and bring back the zamindari system which was abolished by the efforts of Chotu Ram and Charan Singh.
The new landlords are the Ambanis and the Sahara group who have bought thousands of acres of farmland worth crores. The multinational companies who want contract farming are the new zamindars.
There was only one East India Company then which came to rule India. Now we will have so many MNCs ... you will see the results in the near future.
They've started call centres to answer farmers' queries on phone.
(Laughs). Do they know more kheti than me? Will the Prime Minister or the Agriculture Minister tell me how to do farming?
Mr. Tikait, will you contest elections?
No, I am fine where I am. I like it here in my village. Even if I was elected unanimously, I would not join politics.
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