Scientists and their Contribution

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urmiladuhan

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It is the b'day of Carl Zeiss.

Today is the birthday of Carl Zeiss, who was born in 1816 in Weimar, Germany. Zeiss attended, but didn't graduate from, the University of Jena, where he studied optics, among other things. He opened an optical workshop and began making microscopes. By the 1860s, he and his apprentices were making the best optical instruments in Germany. The company he founded, Carl Zeiss Jena, is still making microscopes. Happy B'Day!
 
Ziess microscopes are one of the best in industry. Their surgical microscopes are very popular among neurosurgeons. Germans dominated the optical instrument industry till 1960s when Japanese started entering the business. Now Japanse are as good as Germans as far as microscopes are concerned. However, in camera industry, Japanese have surpassed Germans by miles.

RK^2
 
Zeiss lenses are quite popular in microbiology field as well. Carl Zeiss goes on to show that intelligence and initiative ness is not necessarily learnt in universities.
 
This being a General Talk section, i take the liberty of posting some interesting science related information.


Today (18th Sept) is the birthday of Bernhard Riemann, who was born in 1826 in Breselenz, Germany. Riemann was interested in theology and mathematics. His talent for the latter prompted his teacher at the University of Göttingen, Carl Friedrich Gauss, to persuade him to become a full-time mathematician. To physicists, Riemann is best known for developing differential geometry, which Albert Einstein would later use for his theory of general relativity
 
Interesting. who is a jat is quite an extensive topic and in my opinion deserves a separate thread for discussion and not suitable for this particular thread.

cooljat said:
Someone who born in Jat family.

ps- B'day wishes to Zeiss thou it would make more sense if you had posted about his B'day in any of science forums.
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Today(20th sept) is the birthday of James Dewar, who was born in 1842 in Kincardine, Scotland. Although Dewar's scientific interests were wide, he is best remembered for two things: liquifying gases and inventing the vacuum flask. The Dewar or Thermos flask, as the product is known, proved popular for keeping drinks hot, but Dewar didn't benefit financially from his invention because he did not patent it. Courtesy: physics today.
 
Today is the birthday of Jean Perrin, who was born in 1870 in Lille, France. In 1905 Albert Einstein explained Brownian motion in terms of the random motion of hypothetical tiny particles. In an experiment performed soon after, Perrin proved that those particles - and more generally, atoms - exist. He won the 1926 physics Nobel for the demonstration. Although he didn't work out the details, Perrin was also the first to suggest that nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium is what powers the Sun and other stars
 
Scientists and their contribution over the years seems to be a very useful topic for general discussion. Those members who have interest and knowledge about them are welcome to contribute their write ups here on the thread. They can pay their tribute to the scientists on their birthdays and also enumerate the importance and significances of their researches.

To begin with we can start discussion with knowing something about Aryabhatt, the great scientist of Ancient times in India.
 
Dr. Rajpal, if possible, kindly merge the Carl Zeiss thread with this new thread as they both overlap in mission. I am unable to move the thread here.

Regards,

Urmila.


DrRajpalSingh said:
Scientists and their contribution over the years seems to be a very useful topic for general discussion. Those members who have interest and knowledge about them are welcome to contribute their write ups here on the thread. They can pay their tribute to the scientists on their birthdays and also enumerate the importance and significances of their researches.

To begin with we can start discussion with knowing something about Aryabhatt, the great scientist of Ancient times in India.
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There is hardly any aspect of life which is not influenced by the research work of Car Zeiss. It would have been not only difficult but impossible for Jean Perrin to prove Brownian motion without high quality microscopes developed by Carl Zeiss. You will appreciate that how one development leads to another. Science too has its own history. Reading the following paper published as late as 2008 will help one understand how the work of Carl Zeiss proved so helpful in Jean Perrin’s Brownian motion research work.

http://www.koyre.cnrs.fr/IMG/pdf/bigg_evident_atoms_shps.pdf

RK^2
 
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Thanks for the paper. It mentions that brownian motion was first observed by a botanist (Robert Brown). I think, he saw pollen grains moving randomly in a suspension when he observed them under the microscope. The name brownian motion comes from Robert Browns name i think. Later the motion was explained by physicsts such as Perrin and Einstein and others.


rkumar said:
There is hardly any aspect of life which is not influenced by the research work of Car Zeiss. It would have been not only difficult but impossible for Jean Perrin to prove Brownian motion without high quality microscopes developed by Carl Zeiss. Being a historian yourself, you will appreciate that how one development leads to another. Science too has its own history. Reading the following paper published as late as 2008 will help one understand how the work of Carl Zeiss proved so helpful in Jean Perrin’s Brownian motion research work.

http://www.koyre.cnrs.fr/IMG/pdf/bigg_evident_atoms_shps.pdf

RK^2
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Today is the b'day of C N Yang. Happy birthday C N Yang! Born in 1922 in Hefei, China, Chen-Ning Yang won a scholarship to attend graduate school at the University of Chicago, where he worked with Edward Teller and Enrico Fermi. Yang has broad interests in theoretical physics. He is best known for the field theory that he devised in 1954 with Robert Mills and for his 1956 proposal with Tsung Dao Lee that parity in weak interactions is not conserved. Yang and Lee shared the 1957 physics Nobel for their discovery
 
urmiladuhan said:
Today is the b'day of C N Yang. Happy birthday C N Yang! Born in 1922 in Hefei, China, Chen-Ning Yang won a scholarship to attend graduate school at the University of Chicago, where he worked with Edward Teller and Enrico Fermi. Yang has broad interests in theoretical physics. He is best known for the field theory that he devised in 1954 with Robert Mills and for his 1956 proposal with Tsung Dao Lee that parity in weak interactions is not conserved. Yang and Lee shared the 1957 physics Nobel for their discovery
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Here is the link to his Nobel Lecture delivered on 11th Dec. 1957;

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1957/yang-lecture.pdf

Concept of parity is really very interesting. It took so long for Physicists to understand the difference which Philosophers had been writing for so long. Still there are so many day to day observations in our daily life, for which there are no explanations in Science. There is no significant debate among scientists on being " identical and Similar". Look at anything in nature. They might be similar but never identical. Even two leaves from a tree can never be identical. Take all the human being on Earth. No two persons are identical in all respect. What does this mean? Based upon these and some other similar observations I postulated

1. No two electrons or for that matter any other similar particles are identical in weight or physical shape.
2. orbits of electrons in any shell cross each other like "threads in a rope"
3. Nuclear surface has breath like movements of contraction and expansion

RK^2
 
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