Indian History Time Line
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
- This is a partial list of timeline of Indian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in India and its predecessor states. You can expanding it. See also List of Events in Jat History
10000 BC - 1000 BC
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 9000BC | Early Neolithic culture with first confirmed semi permanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in modern Madhya Pradesh, India. |
| 7500BC | Early Neolithic culture begins in the Indian Subcontinent in Bhirrana in Haryana. |
| 7000BC | Later Neolithic culture begins in Mehrgarh currently in Balochistan, Pakistan. |
| 4300BC | Mehrgarh one of the most important Neolithic sites in archaeology begins on the "Kachi plain" of now Balochistan, Pakistan. |
| 3300BC | Kot Diji phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins. The civilization used an early form of the Indus signs, the so-called Indus script. |
| 3102BC | Epoch of Kaliyuga era and Bharata War according to one school of astronomers. This date is also considered by many Hindus to be the day that Krishna left Earth to return to his abode. |
| 2700BC | Date of Indus Valley Seals found at Kish |
| 2600BC | Mature Harappan phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro become large metropolises and the civilization expands to over 2,500 cities and settlements across the whole of Pakistan, much of northern India, and parts of Afghanistan and Iran. |
| 2600BC | Mature Harappan phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins. The cities of Harappa, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi and Mohenjo-daro become large metropolises and the civilization expands to over 2,500 cities and settlements. The civilization began using the mature Indus script. |
| 2500BC | Dravidian Civilization begins in South India. |
| 2449BC | Date of heroes of Bharata War according to a second group of astronomers and chronologists |
| 1900BC | Late Harappan Phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins, including Cemetery H culture and other cultures. |
| 1800BC | Iron Age in India. |
| 1750BC | Aryans, enter India from Central Asia and the Russian steppes. |
| 1700BC | Indus Valley Civilization comes to an end but is continued by the Cemetery H culture. |
| 1500BC | Early Vedic Period (to 1000 BC) |
| 1435BC | Aryan kings in western Asia. |
| 1414BC | Date of Bharata War according to some Puranas |
| 1300BC | Cemetery H culture comes to an end. |
| 1200BC | Rigveda (to 1000 BC) |
1000 BC - 0000 BC
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1000BC | Middle and Late Vedic period (to 500 BC), Iron Age India, Iron Age kingdoms rule India— Panchala, Kuru, Kosala, Videha. |
| 910BC | Yajnavalkya writes the Shatapatha Brahmana, in which he describes the motions of the sun and the moon. |
| 877BC | Birth of Parsvanatha, 23rd Jain Tirthankara (traditional date) |
| 777BC | Nirvana of Parsvanatha 23rd Jain Tirthankara |
| 700BC | The Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written. |
| 600BC | Sixteen Maha Janapadas ("Great Realms" or "Great Kingdoms") emerge. Vedic End of vedic period. |
| 599BC | Mahavira, 24th Tirthankar of Jainism is born (traditional date). |
| 558BC | Accession of Cyrus the great, conqueror of Kapisa |
| 563BC | Siddhārtha Gautama, Buddha-to-be, is born in Lumbini into a leading royal family in the republic of the Shakyas, which is now part of Nepal. |
| 544BC | Traditional Epoch of the Ceylones Era of Buddha's Nirvana |
| 538BC | Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Achaemenid Empire conquers northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. |
| 527BC | Nirvana of Mahavira |
| 522BC | Accession of Darius I, conqueror of the Indian satrapy of the Persian Empire. |
| 518BC | Naval Expedition of Skylax and conquest of the Indian satrapy |
| 486BC | Cantonese date of Gautama Buddha's Nirvana. |
| 400BC | Siddharta Gautama 'Buddha' of the Shakya polity in S. Nepal, founds Buddhism (older date: 563–483 BC) |
| 350BC | Panini, a resident of Gandhara, describes the grammar and morphology of Sanskrit in the text Ashtadhyayi. Panini's standardized Sanskrit is known as Classical Sanskrit. |
| 333BC | Persian rule in the northwest ends after Darius III is defeated by Alexander the Great, who establishes the Macedonian Empire after inheriting the Persian Achaemenid Empire. |
| 326BC | Ambhi king of Taxila surrenders to Alexander. Porus who ruled parts of the Punjab, fought Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River. |
| 325BC | Alexander leaves India |
| 324BC | Rise of the Maurya Dynasty |
| 321BC | Mauryan Empire is founded by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha after he defeats the Nanda dynasty and Macedonian Seleucid Empire. Mauryan capital city is Patliputra (Modern Patna in Bihar) |
| 313BC | Jaina date of the year of Chandragupta Maurya's accession probably as ruler of Avanti |
| 305BC | Chandragupta Maurya defeats Seleucus Nicator of the Seleucid Empire. |
| 304BC | Seleucus gives up his territories in the subcontinent (Afghanistan/Baluchistan) to Chandragupta in exchange for 500 elephants. Seleucus offers his daughter in marriage to Chandragupta to seal their friendship. |
| 273BC | Ashoka the Great regarded as the greatest ancient Indian emperor, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, ascends as emperor of the Mauryan Empire. |
| 266BC | Ashoka conquers and unifies most of South Asia, along with Afghanistan and eastern Iran. |
| 265BC | Kalinga War takes place between Ashoka and the kingdom of Kalinga. After conquering Kalinga, Ashoka reportedly regrets what he had done, leading him to adopt Buddhism, which then became the quasi-official state religion of the Mauryan Empire. |
| 261BC | Conquest of Kalinga |
| 260BC | Ashoka begins displaying religious tolerance, grants animal rights, builds hospitals for people and animals, treats his subjects as equals regardless of caste or creed, and promotes non-violence and republicanism. Ashoka inscribes the Edicts of Ashoka, written down using Brahmi script. |
| 232BC | Ashoka dies and is succeeded by Kunala. |
| 230BC | Simuka declares independence from Mauryan rule and establishes the Satavahana Empire. |
| 206BC | Indian Expedition of Antiochos III, King of Syria |
| 200BC | Kuninda Kingdom is established. Tholkappiyam describes the grammar and morphology of Tamil; it is the oldest existing Tamil grammar (dates vary between 200 BCE and 100 CE to 100 BC) |
| 184BC | The Mauryan Empire, which shrunk considerably, collapses after its emperor Brihadrata is assassinated by his general Pusyamitra Sunga. Pusyamitra Sunga then establishes the Sunga dynasty. |
| 187BC | Rise of the Dynasty of Pushyamitra |
| 180BC | Establishment of the Indo-Greek kingdom. |
| 165BC | Plato, a King of Bactria |
| 126BC | The Chinese ambassador Chang-Kien visits the Yuch-chi in the Oxus region |
| 80BC | Establishment of the Indo-Scythian kingdom. |
| 65BC | The Pandyan king sends ambassadors to the Greek and Roman lands. |
| 58BC | Beginning of Vikram Era |
| 30BC | End of Sunga -Kanva rule in Eastern Malwa; Satavahana supremacy in Deccan |
| 26-20BC | Indian Embassies to Augustus |
| 02BC | A Chinese official instructed in Buddhism by a Yuch-chi King |
0001 AD- 1000 AD
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 01 | Parthian Stations by Isidore of Charax |
| 10 | Establishment of the Indo-Parthian kingdom. |
| 35 | Western Satraps formed. |
| 47 | Takht-i-Bahi record of Gondophernes |
| 52 | Saint Thomas the Apostle reached Muziris and baptized people known as Saint Thomas Christians. |
| 64 | The Chinese Emperor Ming-ti sends for Buddhist texts |
| 68 | Establishment of the Kushan empire by Kujula Kadphises. |
| 77 | Pliny's Natural History |
| 78 | Epoch of the Saka Era; Decline of the Parthians and consolidation of the Kushana power in the Indus Valley]]; Gautamiputra Satkarni becomes Satavahana emperor and starts Shalivahana era calendar after defeating Scythian king Maues. |
| 89-105 | Kushana King repulsed by the Chinese General Pan Chao |
| 90 | Sung jae has established kingdom. |
| 100 | Indian Embassy to the Roman Emperor Trajan. |
| 119-124 | Nahapana, His power overthrown by Gautamiputra Satkarni. |
| 130-150 | Rudradaman I |
| 148-170 | An-Shih-Kao translates a work by Kanishka's chaplain. |
| 200 | Palmyra created a Roman colony |
| 230 | The Yuch-chi King Po-tiao (Vasudeva ?) sends an Embassy to China |
| 240 | Sri-Gupta starts the Gupta Empire in Magadha, with its capital in Patliputra |
| 248 | Epoch of Traikutaka-Kalachuri Era |
| 320 | February 26. Gupta Era begins; Chandragupta I ascends the Gupta throne. |
| 335 | Samudragupta ascends the Gupta throne and expands the empire. |
| 360 | Ceylonese Embassy to Samudragupta. |
| 380 | Chandragupta II, Samudragupta's son becomes the Gupta Emperor. |
| 388 | Latest known date of the Shakas of Western India |
| 405-411 | Travels of Fa-Hien in the Gupta Empire. |
| 415 | Accession of Kumara Gupta I. |
| 436 | Simhavarman, the Pallva King of Kanchi, mentioned in the Lokavibhaga. |
| 448 | Huns in the Oxus Valley |
| 450 | Invasions by the Huna. |
| 455 | Accession of Skanda Gupta. |
| 467 | Latest known date of Skanda Gupta. |
| 473 | Kumara Gupta II |
| 476 | Birth of the astronomer Aryabhata. |
| 477-495 | Reign of Budha Gupta. |
| 507-508 | Vainya Gupta; Gopachandra, a contemporary of Vainya Gupta. |
| 510-511 | Bhanu Gupta |
| 533 | Yashodharman, conqueror of Huna King Mihirkula |
| 543-544 | Continuance of Gupta rule in the North Bengal, Rise of the Chalukya of Vatapi |
| 554 | Collapse of Gupta Empire after the death of Shashankgupta. Isanavarman Maukhari. |
| 566-567 | Accession of Kirtivarman I, Chalukya. |
| 606 | Harshavardhana crowned Monarch. |
| 619-620 | Supremacy of Shashanka in Eastern India |
| 622 | Era of Hijra |
| 634 | Reference to the fame of Kalidasa aand Bharavi in Aihole inscription |
| 637 | Arab raid against Thana |
| 637 | Badami Chalukya power at its peak. Pulakeshin II pushes north up to the Narmada and defeats the invading Harshavardhana of Kanauj |
| 639 | Foundation of Lhasa by Srong-tsan-gampo |
| 641 | Harshavardhana's Embassy to China |
| 642 | Death of Pulkesin II |
| 642-668 | Narasimhavarman I, the great Pallava |
| 643 | Harshavardhana's meeting with Hiuen-Tsang |
| 647 | Death of Harshavardhana |
| 648 | Bhaskaravarman or Kumararaja, King of Kamarupa, helped Wang-Hiuen-T'se |
| 657 | Third mission of Wang-Hiuen-T'se |
| 661 | Guhila Aparajita |
| 667 | "Five Indies" sent ambassador to China |
| 672-673 | Adityasena |
| 674 | Vikramaditya I, Chalukya |
| 675-685 | Itsing at Nalanda |
| 700 | According to the Qissa-i Sanjan, the immigrants Parsi are granted permission to stay by the local ruler Jadi Rana |
| 711 | Invasion of Sind by Muhammad Bin Qasim |
| 712 | Arab conquest of Nirun and Alor, Muhammad Bin Qasim defeats Raja Dahir |
| 713 | Capture of Multan by the Muslims |
| 720 | Shri Narasimha Potavarman's diplomatic relations with China |
| 724-743 | Khalif Hisham; Junaid , Governor of Sind. |
| 731 | Yashovarman's embassy to China. |
| 733 | Lalitaditya Muktapida of Kashmir (Karkota dynasty) receives investiture as king from the emperor of China. |
| 736 | Delhi is re-established by Bilan Deo Tomar also known as Anangpal Tomar |
| 742 | Dantidurga, a feudatory of the Chalukyas |
| 743-789 | Santarakshita and Padmasambhava invited to Tibet, Rise of Lamaism |
| 753 | Establishment of Rashtrakuta Kingdom of Manyakhet by Danti Durga by defeating Chalukyas of Badami |
| 783 | Indrayudha (Kanauj). Vatsaraja- Pratihara. |
| 788 | Birth of Adi Shankaracharya |
| 793-815 | Govinda III, Rashtrakuta |
| 814 | Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I becomes Rashtrakuta emperor. Kannada literature flourishes. |
| 815 | Nagabhata-Pratihara. |
| 815-877 | Amoghavarsha I, Rashtrakuta |
| 829 | Harjara, King of Kamarupa |
| 836 | Accession of Bhoja I, King of Kanauj. |
| 836 | Gurjara-Pratihara (to 910) |
| 850 | Lalliya Shahi |
| 855 | Accession of Avantivarman of Kashmir |
| 871-907 | Aditya I, Chola. |
| 879 | New Nepalese Era |
| 892 | Coronation of Bhima I, Eastern Chalukya. |
| 893 | Mahendrapala I, Pratihara. |
| 907 | Accession of Parantaka I, Chola. |
| 914 | Mahipala I, Pratihara. Continuance of Pratihara rule in Surashtra. |
| 939 | Yashaskara, King of Kashmir. |
| 942 | Guhila Bhatripatta II. |
| 945 | Coronation of Amma II (Vijayaditya VI) , Eastern Chalukya. |
| 950-1003 | Queen Didda of Kashmir. |
| 954-1002 | Dhanga Chandella |
| 962 | Foundation of the Kingdom of Ghazni. |
| 973 | Foundation of the later Chalukya Empire (of Kalyana). |
| 974-995 | Munja |
| 977 | Accession of Subuktigin |
| 985 | The Ismailis captured power in Sindh and Multan in 985 AD. The Jats were supporting them. |
| 985 | Accession of Rajaraja Great, Chola |
| 986 | First invasion of Subuktigin |
| 995 | Accession of Sindhuraja Navasahasanka. |
| 997 | Death of Subuktigin |
| 998 | Accession of Sultan Mahmud. |
| 1000 | Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni |
1001 AD - 1500 AD
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1001 | Great defeat of Jaipal by Sultan Mahmud. |
| 1008 | Battle near Und. |
| 1012-1044 | Rajendra Chola I. |
| 1013 | Sultan Mahmud captures Nandana. |
| 1018 | Rajyapala (Pratihara); Kanaud seized by Mahmud Ghazni. |
| 1018-1055 | Bhoja of Dhara. |
| 1021 | Mahmud Ghazni defeats Trilochana Pala and annexes Punjab |
| 1026 | Sarnath Inscription of the time of Mahipala I of Bengal, sack of Somnath (during the reign of Bhimdeva I); Fall of Nidar Bhim (Shahi). |
| 1030 | Alberuni arrives in India; death of Mahmud of Ghazni |
| 1032 | Vimala Sha |
| 1039 | Death of Gangeyadeva Kalachuri |
| 1040 | Coronation of Lakshmi-karna of the Kalachuri dynasty. |
| 1052 | Red Fort at Delhi |
| 1058 | Sumra Dynasty ends the Arab domination and establishes its own rule over Sindh. |
| 1070-1122 | Rajendra Chola, Kulottunga I. |
| 1076-1127 | Vikramaditya VI of Kalyana. |
| 1076-1148 | Anantavarman Choda Ganga. |
| 1089-1101 | Harsha of Kashmir. |
| 1090 | Rise of the Gahadavalas. |
| 1098 | Kirtivarman Chandella. |
| 1106-1141 | Vishnuvardhana Hoysala. |
| 1113-1114 | Foundation of en era by Siddharaja Jayasimha of Gujarat. |
| 1114-1154 | Govinda Chandra, the great Gahadavala King. |
| 1119 | Epoch of the Lakshmana Sena Era. |
| 1120 | Kalyani Chalukyas power at its peak. Vikramaditya VI ushers in Vikrama Chalukya era. |
| 1127 | Simhadeva of second Lohara dynasty was the King of Kashmir. |
| 1128 - 1155 | Jayasimha (1128 - 1155 AD) of second Lohara dynasty was the King of Kashmir. |
| 1134 | Life of Basaveshwara, philosopher and social reformer. (to 1196) |
| 1143-1172 | Kumarapala of Gujarat. |
| 1153-1164 | Vigraharaja IV (Visaladeva) |
| 1157 | The Kalachuris under Bijjala II capture Kalyani |
| 1158 | Ballala Sena |
| 1167-1202 | Paramardi Chandella. |
| 1170-1194 | Jayachandra |
| 1175 | Muhammad bin Sam invades India and captures Multan. |
| 1178 | Muhammad bin Sam defeated in Gujarat. |
| 1179-1242 | Bhimadeva II of Gujarat. |
| 1185-1205 | Lakshmana Sena of Bengal. |
| 1186 | Fall of the Yamini Dynasty. |
| 1190 | Mohammed Ghauri invades India. |
| 1191 | "Victory of Prithviraj Chauhan". First battle of Tarain between Mohammed Ghori and Prithviraj III. Ghauri is defeated by Prithivi Raj Chauhan III. |
| 1192 | "Victory of Mohammed Ghauri". Second battle of Tarain fought between Ghauri and Prithivi Raj Chauhan III. Prithvi Raj Chauhan III is defeated by Muhammed Ghori. Fall of Prithvi Raj III Chahamana (Chauhan). |
| 1192-1193 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak takes Delhi. |
| 1194 | Battle of Chandawar fought between Ghauri and Jaichand of Kannauj. Ghauri defeated Jayachandra Gahadavala and killed him. |
| 1197-1247 | Singhana the great, Yadava King. |
| 1206 | Khokhars kill Muhammad Ghori during a raid on his camp on the Jhelum River |
| 1206 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak establishes Ghulam Dynasty later to be known as Delhi Sultanate. |
| 1210 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak died while playing polo. Accession of Aram Shah. |
| 1210-1211 | Accession of Iltutmish. |
| 1221 | Genghis Khan invades Punjab. |
| 1231 | Tejahpala. |
| 1231-1232 | Foundation of the Qutb Minar. |
| 1236 | Death of Iltutmish. Accession and deposition of Firuz. Accession of Raziya Sultan. |
| 1237 | Sri Madhwaharya born in Pajaka near Udupi, Karnataka |
| 1240 | Murder of Razia Sultan by Turkish nobles. |
| 1241 | Capture of Lahore by Mongols. |
| 1244-1262 | Visaladeva, King of Gujarat. |
| 1246 | Accession of Nasir-ud-din Mahmud. |
| 1251-1270 | Jatavarman Sundara Pandya I. |
| 1260-1291 | Rudramma, the great Kakatyia Queen. |
| 1266 | Death of Nasir-ud-din Mahmud. Accession of Ghiyas-din Balban. |
| 1267 | The Mahanubhava philosophy established by Chakradhar Swami. |
| 1275 | Birth of Saint Dyaneshwara. |
| 1287 | Death of Balban. Accession of Muiz ud din Qaiqabad.Mongol Invasion repelled. |
| 1288 | Marco Polo at Kayal. |
| 1290 | Murder of Muiz ud din Qaiqabad. Accession of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. |
| 1292 | Ala-ud-din Khalji captures Bhilsa. Mongol Invasion. |
| 1294 | Devagiri pillaged by Ala-ud-din Khalji. |
| 1296 | Accession of Ala-ud-din Khalji. |
| 1297 | Conquest of Gujarat (from Karnadeva II). |
| 1301 | Capture of Ranthambhor by Ala-ud-din Khalji. |
| 1302-1303 | Capture of Chitor. Mongol Invasion. |
| 1305 | Conquest of Malwa, Ujjain, Mandu, Dhar and Chanderi by Ala-ud-din Khalji |
| 1310 | Ala-ud-din Khalji's army under Malik Kafur occupies Devagiri ending the Seuna Yadava Kingdom. |
| 1316 | Death of Ala-ud-din Khalji. |
| 1323 | Ulugh Khan defeats Prataparudra ending the Kakatiya dynasty |
| 1325 | Accession of Muhammad bin Tughluq. |
| 1327 | Transfer of capital from Delhi to Daultabad. |
| 1328 | The Mongols invade India. |
| 1333-1334 | Arrival of Ibn Batutah. |
| 1336 | Vijayanagara Empire established by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I |
| 1337-1338 | Expedition to Nagarkot. |
| 1336 | Shah Mir, King of Kashmir. |
| 1342 | Ibn Batutah leaves Delhi on his mission to China. |
| 1343 | Veera Ballala III was killed at the Battle of Madurai. |
| 1347 | Governor Hasan Gangu revolts against Muhammad bin Tughluq founding the Bahmani Sultanate |
| 1351 | Accession of Muhammad bin Tughluq. Samma Dynasty assumes rule over Sindh. |
| 1353 | Firuz's first expedition to Bengal. |
| 1359 | Firuz's second expedition to Bengal. |
| 1360 | Firuz's expedition to Orissa. |
| 1361 | Firuz's capture of Nagarkot or Kangra. |
| 1363 | Firuz's first expedition to Sindh. |
| 1370 | Bukka, the Vijayanagara ruler and his son Kumara Kamapna capture the entire Tamil speaking parts. |
| 1374 | Bukka sends an embassy to the emperor of China. |
| 1388 | Death of Firuz, son of Rajab. Accession of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq II. |
| 1392 | Dilawar Khan, Governor of Malwa. |
| 1398 | Invasion of Timur, plunders Lahore |
| 1401 | Dilawar Khan establishes the Malwa Sultanate in present-day northern India |
| 1407 | Zafar Khan: governor of Gujarat, declares himself as Sultan Muzaffar Shah founding the Gujarat Sultanate/Muzaffarid dynasty |
| 1414 | Khizr Khan, deputized by Timur to be the governor of Multan takes over Delhi founding the Sayyid dynasty |
| 1424 | Deva Raya II succeeded his father Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya as monarch of the Vijayanagara Empire |
| 1430-1469 | Rana Kumbha |
| 1443 | Abdur Razzaq visits India |
| 1446 | Mallikarjuna Raya succeeds his father Deva Raya II |
| 1451 | Bahlul Khan Lodhi ascends the throne of the Delhi sultanate starting the Lodhi dynasty |
| 1458-1511 | Mahmud Begarha. |
| 1459 | Foundation of Jodhpur. |
| 1469 | Birth of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. |
| 1472 | Birth of Farid (Sher Khan). |
| 1483 | Birth of Babur in Andijan, Fergana Valley in Central Asia. |
| 1485 | Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya drives out Praudha Raya ending the Sangama Dynasty |
| 1486 | Advent of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and leader of the world's first civil disobedience movement, in Navadwip, West Bengal |
| 1489 | Accession of Sikandar Lodi. |
| 1490 | Ahmadnagar declares independence, followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year thus breaking up the Bahmani Sultanate. |
| 1494 | Accession of Babur in Farghana. |
| 1498 | Vasco de Gama's first voyage from Europe to India and back (to 1499) |
1501 AD - 1800 AD
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1503 | Kingdom of Kochi is taken over by the Portuguese creating the first European settlement in India. |
| 1504 | Babur occupies Kabul. |
| 1508 | The Christian-Islamic power struggle in Europe and the Middle East. Spills over into the Indian Ocean as Battle of Chaul during the Portuguese-Mamluk War |
| 1509 | Battle of Diu marks the beginning of the dominance of the Europeans in the Asian naval theater. Albuquerque, Portuguese Governor of India. |
| 1509-1527 | Rana Sanga |
| 1510 | Portuguese capture Goa, India (to 1961) |
| 1511 | Babur captures Samarkand again. |
| 1513 | Death of Albuquerque. |
| 1517 | Death of Sikandar Lodi. |
| 1522 | Portuguese land on the Coromandel Coast |
| 1526 | 21 April. Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, of the Delhi Sultanate, angers local nobles, who respond by inviting Babur, the Mughal ruler of Kabul, to invade Delhi and Agra. The local population, plus the possession of artillery, assists Babur in killing the Sultan (whose soldiers desert him) at the First Battle of Panipat. |
| 1527 | 17 March. Babur bribes Mewar general Silhadi promising Silhadi a kingdom, if Silhadi betrays Mewar King Rana Sanga in Battle of Khanwa, thus leading to the annexation of Mewar. |
| 1529 | Battle of Gogra |
| 1530 | Babur dies, and is succeeded by his son Humayun. Babur completes his Baburnama, reflecting on society, politics, economics, history, geography, nature, flora and fauna, which to this day is a standard textbook in 25 countries. |
| 1533 | Bahadur of Gujarat captures Chitor. |
| 1534 | Humayun marches to Malwa. |
| 1535 | Defeat of Bahadur Shah of Gujarat and his fight to Mandu. |
| 1537 | Death of Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. |
| 1535 | Sherkhan Defeats of Mahmud Shah of Bengal; Humayun enters Gaur; Death of Guru Nanak. |
| 1539 | Battle of Chausa fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri in which Humayun defeated. Guru Angad Dev becomes second guru of Sikhs. |
| 1540 | Battle of Kannauj fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri and Humayun was completely defeated. Humayun lost the Mughal empire to Afghans (Suri Dynasty), and passed 12 years in exile. Birth of Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar ( son of Maharana Udai Singh II ) |
| 1542 | Birth of Akbar. |
| 1544 | Humayun arrives in Persia. |
| 1545 | 22 May. Death of Sher Shah Suri and succeeded by Islam Shah Suri. |
| 1552 | Guru Amar Das becomes third Guru of Sikhs. |
| 1554 | 22 November. Death of Islam Shah Suri. Accession of Muhammad Adil Shah. Sikandar Sur in the Punjab. |
| 1555 | Humayun regained the throne of Delhi from the hands of weak successors of Sher Shah. |
| 1556 | Humayun converts from Sunni Islam to Shia Islam, to gain the alliance of the Shah of Persia. Humayun dies, and is succeeded by his son Akbar. Hindu king Hemu establishes 'Hindu Raj' in North India and bestowed with title of "Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya"; Second Battle of Panipat fought between Hemu and Akbar's forces in which Hemu is killed. |
| 1558 | Death of Ibrahim Sur. End of Sur dynasty. |
| 1560 | Fall of Bairam Khan. |
| 1561 | Mughul Invasion of Malwa. |
| 1562 | Akbar marries a princess of Amber. |
| 1564 | Abolition of Zizya. Death of Rani Durgavati and annexation of the Gond Kingdom. |
| 1565 | 26 January. Battle of Talikota results in the rout of Vijayanagara empire. |
| 1568 | Kararani's conquest of Orissa. Fall of Chitor. |
| 1569 | Capture of Ranthambhor and Kalinjar. Birth of Salim. |
| 1571 | Foundation of Fatehpur Sikri by Akbar. |
| 1572 | Akbar annexes Gujarat, also shifts the Mughal capital to Fatehpur Sikri where a new township and citadel containing buildings of a unique all-India character—inspired by the architecture of Bengal, Gujarat, Malwa, Kashmir as well as the Timurid world—is born. |
| 1573 | Surat surrenders to Akbar. |
| 1574 | Death of Guru Amardas. Guru Ram Das becomes fourth Guru of Sikhs. Akbar annexes Bengal. |
| 1575 | Battle of Tukaroi. |
| 1576 | Subjugetion of Bengal. Death of Daud near Rajmahal. The Battle of Gugunda or Haldighati. |
| 1577 | Akbar's troops invade Khandesh. |
| 1580 | Accession of Ibrahim Adil Shah II in Bijapur. First Jesuit mission at Agra. |
| 1581 | Akbar's march against Muhammad Hakim and reconciliation with him. Death of Guru Ramdas. Guru Arjan Dev becomes fifth Guru of Sikhs. |
| 1582 | Divine faith promulgated. |
| 1585 | Fitch at Agra. |
| 1586 | Akbar annexes Kashmir. |
| 1589 | Death of Todar Mal and Bhagwan Das. |
| 1591 | Mughul conquest of Sindh. |
| 1592 | Annexation of Orissa. |
| 1595 | Siege of Ahmadnagar. Acquisition of Kandahar. Annexation of Baluchistan. |
| 1597 | Death of Rana Pratap. |
| 1600 | East India company is formed in England. Gets exclusive trading rights with India. Ahmadnagar stormed. |
| 1601 | Capture of Asirgarh. |
| 1602 | Death of Abul Fazl. |
| 1605 | Akbar dies, and is succeeded by his son Jehangir. |
| 1606 | Kandahar invested by the Persians. Execution of the fifth Sikh Guru Arjan. Guru Hargobind becomes sixth guru of Sikhs. |
| 1607 | Kandahar relieved by the Mughuls. Sher Afghan, first husband of Nur Jahan, killed. |
| 1609 | Hawkins arrives at Agra. The Dutch open a factory at Pulicat. |
| 1611 | Jahangir marries Nur Jahan. Hawkins leaves Agra. The English establish a factory at Masulipatan. |
| 1612 | British India (to 1947) East India Company (to 1757). First English factory at Surat. Khurram marries Mumtaz Mahal. Mughuls annex Kutch Hajo. |
| 1613 | Jahangir's firman to the English Company. |
| 1615 | Submission of Mewar to the Mughuls. Arrival of Thomas Roe in India. |
| 1616 | Thomas Roe received by Jahangir. The Dutch establish a factory at Surat. |
| 1618 | Thomas Roe, after obtaining firmans for English, leaves the Imperial Court. |
| 1619 | Thomas Roe leaves India. |
| 1620 | Capture of the Kangra fort. |
| 1622 | Death of Khusrav, Shah Abbas of Persia besiges and takes Kandahar. Malik Ambar takes Bidar. |
| 1626 | Death of Malik Ambar. Rebellion of Mahabat Khan. |
| 1627 | Death of Jahangir. Birth of Shivaji (or 1630 according to some). |
| 1628 | Shah Jahan proclaimed Emperor. Jehangir announces "Chain of Justice" outside his palace that anyone can ring the bell and get a personal hearing with the emperor. Jehangir dies, and is succeeded by his son Shah Jahan. |
| 1629 | Rebellion of Khan Jahan Lodi. |
| 1630 | Birth of Chatrapati Shivaji. |
| 1631 | Death of Mumtaz Mahal. Defeat and death of Khan Jahan Lodi. |
| 1632 | Mughul invasion of Bijapur. Sack of Hugli. Grant of the Golden firman to the English Company by The Sultan of Golkunda. |
| 1633 | End of Ahmadnagar Dynasty. |
| 1634 | Firman permitting English trade in Bengal. |
| 1636 | Treaties with Bijapur and Golkunda. Shahji enters the services of Bijapur. Aurangzeb appointed Viceroy of the Deccan. |
| 1638 | Peace between Mughuls and Ahoms. Kandahar recovered by the Mughuls. |
| 1639 | Foundation of Fort St. George at Madras. |
| 1644 | 8 March. Guru Har Rai becomes seventh guru of Sikhs; Shivaji takes oath of Independence at Raireshwar. |
| 1646 | Shahji captures Torna. |
| 1649 | Persians recover Kandahar. |
| 1651 | English factory started at Hugli. Firman granted to the English Company by Suja. |
| 1653 | Aurangzeb reappointed Governor of Deccan. The Dutch start a factory at Chinsura. |
| 1656 | The Mughuls attack Hyderabad and Golkunda.Annexation of Javli by Shivaji. |
| 1657 | Shivaji raids Ahmednagar and Jamnagar]] but is pardoned.Invasion of Bijapur by Aurangzeb. He captures Bidar and Kalyani. Illness of Shah Jahan. The war of succession begins. |
| 1658 | Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, and Red Fort. Imperial treasuries drained by architectural and military over expenditures. Shah Jahan dies, and is succeeded by his son Aurangzeb. |
| 1659 | Battle of Khajwah and Deorali. Shivaji's ill-equipped and small Maratha army defeat mighty Adilshahi troops at the Battle of Pratapgarh in a major upset in Indian history. Shivaji personally kills Adilshahi commander Afzal Khan (general). |
| 1660 | Jumla appointed Governor of Bengal. Shuja chased from Bengal to Arakan. Mir |
| 1661 | 7 October:Guru Har Krishan becomes eight guru of Sikhs. Cession of Bombay to English. Execution of Murad. Mughul capture of Cooch Bihar. |
| 1662 | Peace with Ahoms. Death of Sulaiman Shukho. |
| 1663 | Death of Mir Jumla. |
| 1664 | Shivaji sacks Surat. Colbert, the French Minister, founds an Indian Company. Shivaji assumes royal title.|- |
| 1665 | 20 March. Guru Tegh Bahadur becomes ninth Guru of Sikhs. |
| 1666 | Death of Shah Jahan. Shivaji's visit to Agra and escape. |
| 1667 | The Yusufzais rebel. |
| 1668 | New religious ordinances. Cession of Bombay to East India Company. First French factory started at Surat. |
| 1669 | Jat rebellion under Gokla. |
| 1670 | Second sack of Surat. |
| 1671 | Rise of Chhatrasal Bundela. |
| 1672 | Satnami out break. Revolt of the Afridis. |
| 1674 | Forces led by Shivaji defeat Aurangzeb's troops, and establishes Maratha Empire. Shivaji assumes title of Chhatrapati. |
| 1675 | Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhs is executed in Delhi by the order of Aurangzeb for his support for the Kashmiri Hindus to practice their religion.Guru Gobind Singh becomes tenth Guru of Sikhs. |
| 1677 | Shivaji's conquests in the Carnatic. |
| 1678 | Marwar occupied by the Mughuls. Death of Jaswant Singh. |
| 1679 | Reimposition of the Zizya. Mughul attack on Marwar. |
| 1680 | Shivaji dies of fever at Raigad. Sambhaji becomes 2nd Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire. Rebellion of prince Akbar. |
| 1681 | Aurangzeb invades the Deccan. Loss of Kamarupa by the Mughuls. |
| 1686 | English war with the Mughuls. Fall of Bijapur. |
| 1687 | Fall of Golkunda. |
| 1689 | March :Chatrapati Sambhaji dies. Raja Ram succeeds but retires to Jinji. |
| 1690 | Peace between the Mughuls and English. Calcutta founded. |
| 1691 | Defeat of the Jats. Aurangzeb at the Zenith of his power. |
| 1696 | Danish India (to 1869) |
| 1698 | The English obtain zamindari of Sutanati, Calcutta, and Govindpura. |
| 1699 | Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Guru of Sikhs creates Khalsa, the saint-soldier at Anandpur Sahib, Punjab. First Maratha raid of Malwa. |
| 1700 | 2 March:Rajaram Chhatrapati dies, regency of his widow Tara Bai. |
| 1703 | Maraths enter Berar. |
| 1705 | Mughal army arrested for the act. |
| 1706 | Marathas raid Gujarat and sack Baroda. |
| 1707 | Death of Aurangzeb the mughal emperor. Battle of Jajau. accession of Bahadur Shah. |
| 1708 | Shahu, King of the Marathas. Death of Guru Govind Singh. Guru Granth Sahib becomes Guru of Sikhs. |
| 1712 | Death of Bahadur Shah. Accession of Jahandar Shah. |
| 1713 | Jahandar Shah murdered. Farrukhsiyar becomes emperor. |
| 1714 | Balaji Vishwanath Peshwa. Husain Ali appointed Viceroy of Deccan. treaty of Marathas with Husain Ali. |
| 1716 | Execution of Banda, the Sikh leader. The Surman embassy. |
| 1717 | Farrukhsiyar's firman to the English Company. Re-imposition of Zizya. |
| 1719 | Husain Ali returns with Marathas. Farrukhsiyar put to death. Death of Rafi-ud-Darajat. Accession of Muhammad Shah. |
| 1720 | Accession of Baji Rao Peshwa. Fall of Sayyid brothers. |
| 1721 | March - October: Attingal Outbreak takes place; 13–14 November. Madras cyclone occurs |
| 1724 | Sa-adat's Khan appointed Governor of Oudh. Nizam virtually independent in Deccan. Qumar-ud-din becomes wzir. |
| 1725-1739 | Shuja-ud-din, Governor of Bengal. |
| 1735 | Baji Rao recognized by the Imperial Govt as ruler of Malwa. |
| 1739 | Nadir Shah takes Delhi. |
| 1740 | Alivardi Khan becomes Governor of Bengal. Accession of Baji Rao Peshwa. Marathas invade Arcot. Dost Ali killed. |
| 1742 | Maratha invasion of Bengal. Dupleix Governor of Pondichery. |
| 1744-1748 | First Anglo-French War. |
| 1745 | Rise of Rohillas. |
| 1746 | La Bourdonnais takes Madras. |
| 1747 | Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali. |
| 1748 | Death of Nizam-ul-mulk. Death of Muhammad Shah of Delhi and accession of Ahmad Shah. |
| 1749 | Death of Shahu. The Maratha Peshwa (prime minister) usurps the Maratha kingdom, starting a new dynastic rule based in Pune. |
| 1750 | Defeat of death of Nasir Jang. |
| 1750-1754 | War of the Deccan and Carnatic succession. |
| 1751 | Clive's defence of Arcot. Death of Muzaffar jang and accession of Salabat Jang. Treaty of Alivardi with the Marathas. |
| 1754 | Recall of Dupleix. Godeheu's treaty with the English. Accession of Alamgir II. |
| 1756 | Death of Alivardi Khan. Accession of Siraj-ud-daulah. |
| 1756-1763 | Seven Years' War. |
| 1757 | Battle of Plassey; Company rule in India (to 1858). Siraj-ud-daulah captures Calcutta. Sack of Delhi and Mathura by Ahmad Shah Abbali. The English capture Chandernagore. Mir Jafar made Nawab of Bengal. |
| 1758 | Lally in India. The Marathas in the Punjab. Capture of Masulipatam by Forde. |
| 1759 | French India (to 1954). Forde defeats the Dutch at Bedara. 'Ali Gauhar invades Bihar. Murder of 'Alamgir II by Ghazi-ud-din. |
| 1760 | Marathas comprehensively defeat the Nizam, Maratha Empire reaches its zenith. Battle of Wandiwash. Battle of Udgir. Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal. Vansittart, Company's Governor in Bengal. |
| 1761 | The Marathas are routed in the Third Battle of Panipat on 14 January 1761, by the Afghans led by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an ethnic Pashtun, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali. The battle is considered one of the largest battles fought in the 18th century. Fall of Pondicherry. Shah Alam II becomes Emperor. Shuja-ud-daulah becomes wazir. Accession of Madhava Rao Peshwa, Rise of Hyder 'Ali. |
| 1763 | Expulsion of Mir Kasim. |
| 1764 | Battle of Buxar (British victory against allied Mughal, Bengal and Oudh forces) |
| 1765 | Princely states (to 1947). Death of Mir Jafar. Grant of the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the British. Treaty of Allahabad. Clive, Company's Governor in Bengal. |
| 1766 | Grant of the Northern Sarkars to the English. |
| 1767 | First Anglo-Mysore War begins, in which Haidar Ali of Mysore defeats the combined armies of the East India Company, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad. Departure of Clive. |
| 1767-1769 | The First Mysore War. |
| 1770 | The Great Bengal Famine. |
| 1771 | Marathas re-captures Delhi and parts of North India. |
| 1772 | 14 August:Ram Mohan Roy Born (to 1833). Warren Hastings' appointment as Governor. Death of Miidhava Rao Peshwa. |
| 1773 | Narayanrao Peshwa is murdered by his uncle Raghunathrao's wife in front of Raghunathrao. Regulating Act of 1773; Warren Hastings appointed as first Governor-General of India |
| 1774 | Chief Justice of the Maratha Empire, Ram Shastri passes death sentence against the ruling Peshwa Raghunathrao for murdering his nephew. The Rohilla (Ruhela) War. Warren Hastings becomes Governor-General. Establishment of Supreme Court, Calcutta. |
| 1775 | First Anglo-Maratha War.Trial and execution of Nanda Kumar. |
| 1776 | The Treaty of Purandhar. |
| 1779 | Maratha sardar Mahadji Shinde routs the East India Company army at the Battle of Wadgaon War ends with the restoration of status quo as per Treaty of Salbai. |
| 1780 | Second Anglo-Mysore War begins. Popham's capture of Gwalior. |
| 1781 | Deposition of Chait Singh. Act passed to amend the Regulating Act. |
| 1782 | Affair of the Begarns of Oudh. The Treaty of Salbai, Death of Hyder 'Ali. |
| 1783 | Death of Coote. Fox's India Bills. |
| 1784 | Second Anglo-Mysore War ends with the Treaty of Mangalore.Pitt's India Act. |
| 1785 | Resignation of Warren Hastings. |
| 1786 | District collectors in Bengal were made responsible for settling the revenue and collecting it. Lord Cornwallis becomes Governor-General. |
| 1789 | Third Anglo-Mysore War begins. |
| 1790 | The Marathas under Holkar and General de Boigne defeat the Rajputs of Jaipur and Mughals at the Battle of Patan, where 3000+ Rajput cavalry is killed and the entire Mughal unit vanquished. The defeat crushes Rajput hope of independence from external influence. |
| 1792 | Ranjit Singh succeeds his father as leader of a Sikh Misl. Third Anglo-Mysore War ends. Treaty of Seringapatam. |
| 1793 | The Permanent Settlement of Bengal. Renewal of the Company's Chatter. |
| 1794 | Death of Mahadaji Sindhia. |
| 1795 | 13 August:Death of Ahilyabai Holkar. The Battle of Kharda. |
| 1796 | Ching-Thang Khomba moves Manipur's capital to Kangla |
| 1797 | Zaman Shah at Lahore. Death of Asaf-ud-daulah of Oudh. |
| 1798 | Fourth Anglo-Mysore War begins. Wazir Ali deposed and succeeded by Sa 'adat 'All. Lord Mornington (Wellesley) becomes Governor-General. Subsidiary Treaty with the Nizam. |
| 1799 | Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ends with the death of Tipu Sultan, the victory of the East India Company, and the restoration of their ally, the Wodeyar dynasty of Mysore. Polygar War. Partition of Mysore. Ranjit Singh's appointment to the Governorship of Lahore. Malcolm's mission to Persia. William Carey opens Baptist Mission at Serampore. |
| 1800 | Death of Nana Fadnavis.Establishment of the College of Fort William. |
1801 AD - 2000 AD
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1801 | Maharaja Ranjit Singh establishes Khalsa rule of Punjab from Lahore. Khalsa army liberates Kashmiri Pundits and invades Afghanistan through Khyber Pass. Annexation of the Carnatic. |
| 1802 | Treaty of Bassein. |
| 1803 | Second Anglo-Maratha War begins. |
| 1805 | Siege of Bharatpur fails. Recall of Wellesley. Second Anglo-Maratha War ends. |
| 1806 | Vellore Mutiny. |
| 1808 | Mission of Malcolm to Persia and of Elphinstone to Kabul. |
| 1809 | East India Company signs the first Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh |
| 1811 | 28 October: Death of Yashwantrao Holkar. |
| 1813 | Renewal of the Company's Charter. |
| 1814 | "Atmiya Sabha" Established Later on known as "Prarthana Samaj" By Raja Ram Mohan Roy. The Anglo-Gurkha War begins. |
| 1816 | The Anglo-Gurkha War ends. |
| 1817 | Third Anglo-Maratha War begins; Establishment of Hindu College (Presidency College, now Presidency University, Kolkata). |
| 1817-1818 | The Pindari War. |
| 1818 | Third Anglo-Maratha War ends with the defeat of Bajirao II and the end of the Maratha Empire leaving the East India Company with control of almost the whole of India. |
| 1819 | Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay. |
| 1820 | September. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar is born (to 1891). Munro, Governor of Madras. The Samachar Darpan started. |
| 1823 | Anglo–Burmese Wars (to 1826) |
| 1824 | 12 February. Dayananda Saraswati is born (to 1883).The First Burmese War. |
| 1826 | British rule in Burma (to 1947). Fall of Bharatpur. |
| 1827 | Death of Sir Thomas Munro. Malcolm, Governor of Bombay. |
| 1828 | Lord William Bentinck becomes Governor-General. |
| 1829 | Prohibition of Sati. |
| 1829-1837 | Suppression of Thuggee. |
| 1830 | Rammohan Roy visits England. |
| 1831 | Raja of Mysore deposed and its administration taken over by the Company.
Burmes' journey up the Indus. Meeting of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab) and the Governor-General at Rupar. |
| 1832 | Annexation of Jaintia. |
| 1833 | Renewal of the Company's Charter. Abolition of the Company's trading rights.
Legislative power centralized. |
| 1834 | Annexation of Coorg. Macaulay Law Member. Formation of the Agra Province. |
| 1835 | Education Resolution. Metcalfe and abolition of Press restrictions. |
| 1836 | Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa is born (to 1886) |
| 1838 | Tripartite Treaty between Shah Shuja, Ranjit Singh and the English. |
| 1839 | Death of Ranjit Singh. New treaty forced on the Amirs of Sind. First Anglo-Afghan War. |
| 1843 | Conquest of Sind. Gwalior War. Suppression of slavery. |
| 1845 | First Anglo-Sikh Wars (to 1849); 4 November. Vasudev Balwant Phadke is born (to 1883) |
| 1848 | Lord Dalhousie becomes Governor-General. |
| 1849 | Opening of a Hindu girls' school in Calcutta by Drinkwater
Bethune. |
| 1852 | The Second Anglo-Burmese War. |
| 1853 | 16 April:Railway opened from Bombay to Thana. Started Post Service. Telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra. Annexation of Nagpur. Cession of Berar. Renewal of the Company's charter: |
| 1854 | Sir Charles Wood's Education Despatch. |
| 1855 | 30 June: Santhal rebellion |
| 1856 | 25 July:Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856; 23 July: Bal Gangadhar Tilak is born (to 1920); 20 August: Narayana Guru is born (to 1928).Annexation of Oudh. University Act. |
| 1857 | 10 May: Indian Rebellion of 1857; Established first three University of Mumbai, University of Madras and University of Calcutta in India. |
| 1858 | British Raj (to 1947). upeen Victoria's Proclamation. 7 November: Bipin Chandra Pal is born (to 1932). |
| 1859 | 18 April: Death of Tatya Tope. Indigo disputes in Bengal. |
| 1861 | Indian Councils Act. The Indian High Courts Act. Introduction of the Penal Code. |
| 1862 | Amalgamation of the Supreme and Sadar courts into High Courts. |
| 1863 | 12 January: Swami Vivekanand is born (to 1902). Death of Dost Muhammad. Ambala Campaign. |
| 1864 | Bhutan War. |
| 1865 | The Orissa Famine. Opening of telegraphic communication with Europe.28 January: Lala Lajpat Rai is born (to 1928). |
| 1867 | "Prarthana Samaj" Established Earlier known as "Atmiya Sabha". |
| 1868 | Punjab Tenancy Act. Railway opened from Ambala to Delhi. Sher 'Ali, Amir of Afghanistan, receives an annual grant of six lacs of rupees. |
| 1869 | Mahatma Gandhi is born (to 1948); Thakkar Bapa is Born (to 1951). Ambala Conference with Sher 'Ali. Yakub's rebellion in Afghanistan. |
| 1870 | Mayo's Provincial Settlement. |
| 1872 | Seistan Boundary Report. |
| 1873 | Russians reduce [[Khiva[[. The Simla Conference. |
| 1874 | The Bihar famine. Disraeli becomes Prime Minister in England. |
| 1875 | "Arya Samaj" Established; Aligarh Muslim University; Deccan Riots. Gaikwar of Baroda's case. Visit of the Prince of Wales. |
| 1876 | The Royal Titles Act. |
| 1877 | January. Delhi Durbar First time. The Queen of England proclaimed Empress of India. |
| 1878 | Outbreak of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Vernacular Press Act. |
| 1880 | 'Abdur Rahman recognized as Amir of Afghanistan. Famine Commission. |
| 1881 | Factory Act. Rendition of Mysore. |
| 1882 | Hunter Commission. |
| 1883 | The Ilbert Bill. |
| 1885 | 28 December: Indian National Congress Established. Bengal Tenancy Act.
Bengal Local Self-Government Act. Third Anglo-Burmese War. |
| 1886 | Annexation of Upper Burma. Delimitation of Afghan northern boundary. |
| 1889 | 3 Decembe: Khudiram Bose is born (to 1908). Abdication of Maharaja of Kashmir. Second visit of Prince of Wales. |
| 1891 | 14 April: B. R. Ambedkar is born (to 1956). Factory Act. Age of Consent Act.
Manipur Rebellion. |
| 1892 | Indian Councils Act. |
| 1893 | Durand's mission to Kabul. |
| 1895 | The Chitral Expedition. |
| 1897 | 23 January: Subhas Chandra Bose is born (to 1945). Frontier risings.
Plague at Bombay. Famine Commission. |
| 1899 | Lord Curzon,becomes Governor-General. |
| 1900 | Famine Commission. |
| 1902 | Anushilan Samiti, organized revolutionary association formed. |
| 1903 | Delhi Durbar Second Time. |
| 1904 | British Expedition to Tibet; Universities Act. Co-operative Societies Act. |
| 1905 | Partition of Bengal.Lord Minto becomes Governor-General. Morley Secretary of State for India. |
| 1906 | Jugantar formed. 30 December: Muslim League formed in Dacca. Congress declaration regarding Swaraj. |
| 1907 | The Anglo-Russian Convention. |
| 1908 | The Newspapers Act. |
| 1909 | Morley-Minto Reforms. Appointment of S. P. Sinha to the Governor-General.
Council. |
| 1910 | Lord Crewe Secretary of State for India. |
| 1911 | Delhi Durbar Third Time. Partition of Bengal modified. Census of India. |
| 1912 | Delhi conspiracy case. Removal of the Imperial capital to Delhi. |
| 1913 | Gadar Party formed. Rabindranath Tagore won Nobel Prize in Literature. . Educational Resolution of the Government of India. |
| 1914 | Hindu–German Conspiracy. |
| 1914-1918 | The First World War. |
| 1915 | Ghadar conspiracy; Provisional Government of India formed in Kabul. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India. Defence of India Act. |
| 1916 | Lucknow Pact. Sadler Commission. The Lucknow Pact of the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League. The Home Rule League founded.
Foundation of the Women's University at Poona. |
| 1917 | Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha. Mr. Montagu's declaration in the House of Commons. His visit to India. |
| 1917-1918 | Indians made eligible for the King's Commission. The Indian National Liberal Federation. Report of the Industrial Commission. |
| 1919 | Jallianwala Bagh massacre; Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms; Rowlatt Act. Punjab Disturbances. Royal Proclamation. |
| 1920 | Non-cooperation movement Khilafat Movement. Lord Sinha, Governor of Bihar and Orissa. Mahatma Gandhi leads the Congress. |
| 1921 | Chamber of Princes. Moplah Rebellion. The Prince of Wales visits India.
Census of India. |
| 1922 | Resignation of Mr. Montagu. |
| 1923 | Swarajists in Indian Councils. Certification of Salt tax. Question of Indianizing the command of certain regiments -the eight-unit plan. |
| 1924 | Hindustan Socialist Republican Association formed. |
| 1925 | Kakori conspiracy. All-India Depressed Class Association. Reforms Enquiry Committee Report. Death of C. R. Das. Formation of Inter-University Board. |
| 1926 | Reprrt of the Skeen Committee. Lord Reading's letter to the Nizam, Royal Commission on Agriculture. Factories Act. |
| 1927 | November: Appointment of the Simon Commission. Indian Navy Act. Capetown Agreement. |
| 1928 | Bardoli Satyagraha.Deposition of Amanullah, King of Mghinistan. All-parties Conference. The Nehru Report. Report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture. |
| 1928-1933 | Nadir Shah, King of Afghiinistan. |
| 1929 | Central Assembly Bombed by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt. Purna Swaraj resolution.Lord Irwin's Announcement of 31st October. Trade Union split. Establishment of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research. Lahore Congress. AppointInent of the Royal Commission on Indian Labour. |
| 1930 | Salt Satyagraha; First civil disobedience movement. Report of the Statutory Commission. Rebellion in Burma. Round Table Conference (First Session). |
| 1931 | March: Gandhi–Irwin Pact; 23 March:Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev Martyred; September–December: Round Table Conferences (India) (Second Session). Census of India. Publication of the Royal Labour Commission's Report. |
| 1932 | 24 September: Poona Pact; 4 August: Communal Award; November–December: Round Table Conferences (India) (Third Session). Suppression of the Congress. The Indian Military Academy, Dehra Dun. |
| 1933 | Publication of the White Paper. |
| 1934 | Civil Disobedience Movement called off. The Indian Factories Act, 1934.
The Bihar Earthquake. Joint Committee on Indian Constitutional Reform. |
| 1935 | August Government of India Act 1935. |
| 1936 | Death of King-Emperor George V (21st January). Accession and abdication of Edward VIII. Accession of George VI. |
| 1937 | 1st April: Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy. Congress Ministries in the majority of Provinces. |
| 1939 | Second World War begins (3rd September). All India Forward Bloc Established by Subhas Chandra Bose.Resignation of Congress Ministries and the beginning of political deadlock in India. |
| 1940 | Lahore Resolution; 8 August August offer 1940. |
| 1941 | Japan enters the war (7th December). Pearl Harbour Incident. |
| 1942 | Quit India Movement; Late March:Cripps' mission. August: Indian National Army Established by Subhas Chandra Bose. Fall of Singapore (15th February). Evacuation of Rangoon (7th March). Cripps Mission (22nd March-12th April). Evacuation of Burma (29th April). August Revolution and arrest of Indian Leaders. |
| 1943 | Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind, the Provisional Government of Free India formed by Netaji.Lord Wavell Governor-General. Lord Mountbatten Supreme Commander of South-East
Asia. |
| 1944 | Subhas Chandra Bose calls Mahatma Gandhi as the Father of the Nation.Gandhi-Jinnah talks opened in Bombay on Sri Rajagopiilachari's proposals for solution of constitutional deadlock (9th September). Talks break down on Pakistan issue (27th September). |
| 1945 | Lord Wavell's broadcast announcing British Government's determination to go ahead with the task of fitting India for self-government (19th September). First trial of Indian National Army men opened (5th November). |
| 1946 | Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy (18th February). March. Cabinet Mission ; 16 August Direct Action Day/Great Calcutta Killings.Announcement of special mission of Cabinet Ministers to India (19th February.) Cabinet Mission's plan announced (16th May). British Cabinet's plan for Interim Government announced (16th June). Muslim League decides to participate in the Interim Government; Congress announces acceptance of the long-term part of 16th May plan, but refuses invitation to participate in Interim Government (25th June). Muslim League withdraws its acceptance and decides on a policy of direct action (29th July). This leads to outbreak of mob violence in Calcutta (16th August). Interim Government formed (2nd September}. Muslim League members sworn in (26th October). Constituent Assembly's first meeting (9th December). |
| 1947 | Lord Mountbatten's appointment as Viceroy of India in succession to LOrd Wavell (20th February). Partition of India and Pakistan becomes an independent state on 14 August 1947. Freedom from British Raj. Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition. (to 1948). British Government's historic announcement of transfer of power to "responsible Indian hands" not later than June, 1948. Announcement of Lord Mountbatten's plan for Partition of India (3rdJune). Indian Independence Act (15th August). |
| 1948 | 30 January: Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by a right wing Hindu nationalist Nathuram Godse. War with Pakistan over disputed territory of Kashmir. Telangana and other princely states integrated in Indian union; 1950 26 January. India became Republic. Sri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari appointed Governor-General (21st June). Death of Qaid-i-Azam Jinnah (11 th September). Troops of Government of India enter Hyderabad State (September). |
| 1949 | New Constitution of India adopted and signed (26th November). |
| 1950 | New Constitution comes into force (26th January). |
| 1951 | Congress Party wins first general elections under leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. (to 1952). Inauguration of First Five-Year Plan. |
| 1952 | First General Election. Accession of Queen Elizabeth II. Chandernagore incorporated with India. |
| 1953 | New State of Andhra inaugurated. Chandigarh inaugurated as capital of the Punjab. |
| 1954 | Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Yanon incorporated with India. |
| 1955 | Hindu Marriage Act (18th May). |
| 1956 | Nationalization of insurance companies (19th January). Pakistan proclaimed an Islamic Republic (23rd March). Hindu Succession Act (17th June). Reorganization of States (November). Inauguration of Second Five-Year Plan. Celebration of 2500th anniversary of death of Gautama Buddha. |
| 1957 | Second General Election. Introduction of the decimal system of coinage (1st April). |
| 1958 | Introduction of the metric system of weights (1st October). |
| 1959 | The Dalai Lama enters Indian territory for political asylum
(31st March). The President takes over the administration of Kerala (31st January). Sino-Indian border disputes. Indo-Portuguese dispute. Arrival of Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the U.S.A., in New Delhi (9th December). |
| 1960 | Meeting of the Afro-Asian Conference at New Delhi (19th April). Visits of President Voroshilov and Premier Khrushchev of the U.S.S.R.; President Nasser of the
U.A.R., Crown Prince Akihito and Princess Michiko of Japan. |
| 1961 | Arrival of Queen Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh at New Delhi (21st January). Celebrations of the birth centenary of the poet Rabindranath Tagore (8th May.) |
| 1962 | war over disputed territory of Kashmir with China October). India won Diu, Daman and Goa from Portuguese India. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan and Dr. Zakir Hussain sworn in all President and Vice-President of India. |
| 1963 | Celebrations of the birth centenary of Swami Vivekanaada (17th January.) |
| 1964 | Death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (27th May). Massacre of the minorities in East Pakistan creates strong excitement in India (January-February). |
| 1965 | Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir. |
| 1966 | Death of Lal Bahadur Shastri (11th January). Tashkent Declaration (10th January). Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister. |
| 1969 | President Dr. Zakir Hussain passes away; V. V. Giri sworn
in as Acting President (3rd May). V. V. Giri elected President of India (20th August); V. V. Giri sworn in as President of India (21st August). G.S. Pathak elected as Vice-President of India (30th August), sworn in as Vice-President of India (31st August). |
| 1970 | Prime Minister Indira Gandhi inaugurates Meghalaya, a
new autonomous Hill State in Assam (2nd April). A Bill for setting up of 'North-Eastern Council', to co-ordinate the development and security of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura was passed (11th May). Prime Minister Indira Gandhi addressed the Silver Jubilee Session of the United Nations (23rd October). Centre recognized Statehood for Meghalaya (10th November. Statehood conferred on Himachal Pradesh (17th December). |
| 1971 | Twenty-year treaty of friendship signed with Soviet Union. Third World Sanskrit Conference in Allahabad (6th February). Arrest of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman (26th March). Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation (18th August).
Pakistan declares war against India (3rd December). Syed Qasim sworn in as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir following the death of Sadiq (12th December). End of Indo-Pakistan War (15th-16th December). |
| 1972 | Arrival of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman in New Delhi after being
released by the Pakistan Government (19th January). Mizoram inaugurated as a Union Territory (2lstJanuary). Arrival of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman in Calcutta (16th February), and his talks with India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (8th February). Indira Gandhi visits Dhaka and a joint statement is issued by India and Bangladesh; India and Bangladesh sign a 25 years treaty of friendship, CO-operation and peace (17th-19th March). India and Pakistan sign an Agreement at Simla, 2nd-3rd July committing both "to abjure the use of force in resolving differences". |
| 1973-1974 | India and the U.S.S.R. sign two Protocols, one on the expansion of the Bhilai Steel Plant and the other on scientific and technological co-operation (17th February). World meet on Libraries in New Delhi (19th February). Visits of Prime Ministers of Hungary. East-Germany Czechoslovakia, and German Democratic Reepublic, and
of President of Sudan. India's Trade Agreements with these countries. Treaty between India and Portugal; recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan (February). Release of a Joint Declaration by India and Bangladesh; the Delhi Agreement among India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. agreement between Delhi, Pindi and Dacca (9th April): India carried out' an underground nuclear experiment (18th May). Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad sworn in as the President of India (24th August). B.D.Jatti elected as Vice-President (27th August). Joint Communique by India and Bangladesh; Indo-Pakistan Trade Agreement (7th December). |
| 1974 | India explodes first nuclear device in underground test. |
| 1975 | Indira Gandhi declares state of emergency. Nearly 1,000 political opponents imprisoned and programme of compulsory birth control introduced. (to 1977). First World Hindi Convention inaugurated at Nagpur (10th January). Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, former President of India passed away in Madras (17th April). • 'Aryabhata', the first Indian satellite, launched from the Soviet Union (19th April). National Women's Day celebrated. The President declares a state of emergency in the country (25th June). An Ordinance amending the Maintenance of Internal Security Act issued (29th June). Announcement of a package of economic measures-the 20-Point Economic Programme (Ist July). The Constitution (Thirty-eighth) Amendment Act (1st July). The Constitution (Thirty-ninth) Amendment Act (1st August). |
| 1976 | The Constitution (Fortieth) Amendment Act (25th March). |
| 1977 | Indira Gandhi's Congress Party loses general elections. Janata Party comes to power.Communist party of India comes into power in West Bengal. |
| 1979 | Janata Party Splits.Chaudhary Charan Singh becomes Prime Minister. |
| 1980 | Indira Gandhi returns to power heading Congress party splinter group, Congress (Indira). |
| 1983 | N. T. Rama Rao NTR's 9 month old Telugu Desam Comes in to Power in AP marks a new Challenger post Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan against Indira |
| 1984 | Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs' most holy shrine - to flush out Sikh militants pressing for self-rule, called Operation Blue Star. "Anti-Sikh Riots 1984". Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv, takes over. Many Sikhs were killed due to the assassination of Indira Gandhi, and the government did not do anything. see 1984 anti-Sikh riots. |
| 1987 | India deploys troops for peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict. |
| 1989 | Falling public support leads to Congress defeat in general election. |
| 1989 | National Front (India) Headed by N. T. Rama Rao and led by Janata party formed and stormed into power with outside support from BJP and CPI. |
| 1990 | Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence in Kashmir. |
| 1991 | Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by suicide bomber sympathetic to Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers. Economic reform programme begun by Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao. |
| 1992 | Hindu extremists demolish mosque in Ayodhya, triggering widespread Hindu-Muslim violence. Over 200 people die in Cuttack in Odisha, after drinking illegally brewed liquor in the 1992 Odisha liquor deaths incident. |
| 1995 | July. West Bengal Chief Minister Jyoti Basu made the first call from Kolkata to inaugurate the cellular services in India |
| 1996 | Congress suffers worst ever electoral defeat as Hindu nationalist BJP emerges as largest single party. |
| 1996 | August The Amarnath Yatra tragedy in which at least 194 pilgrims are reported to have frozen to death in northern Kashmir after being stranded by violent rain and snow storms. |
| 1998 | BJP forms coalition government under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. India carries out nuclear tests, leading to widespread international condemnation. |
| 1999 | February. Vajpayee makes historic bus trip to Pakistan to meet Premier Nawaz Sharif and to sign bilateral Lahore peace declaration. May Tension in Kashmir leads to brief war with Pakistan-backed forces in the icy heights around Kargil in Indian-held Kashmir. October. Cyclone devastates eastern state of Odisha, leaving at least 10,000 dead. |
| 2000 | March. US President Bill Clinton makes a groundbreaking visit to improve ties. May India marks the birth of its billionth citizen. |
See also
References
R.C. Majumdar, H,C. Raychaudhari & Kalikinkar Datta (1978): An Advanced History of India, macmillan India Ltd. ISBN 033390298 X. pp.1067-1093
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