History of Baijnath clan
Baijnath (बैजनाथ) Jat gotra is found in Rajasthan. So far only one Village in Ajmer District named Titariya Kekri.
We do not know much about its history. I have compiled history of place called Baijnath.
Baijnath (बैजनाथ) is a historical town in
Kangra district of
Himachal Pradesh. I visited the temple on 15.5.1980.
It was Originally known as
Kiragrama. The very famous ancient temple of
Lord Shiva (Baijnath) is situated here which is believed to be one of twelve jyotirlingas according to popular legends also giving the town its name . The present name Baijnath became popular after the name of the temple.
As per legends it is associated with Ravana and Shiva.
Baijnath is famous for its 13th-century temple dedicated to Shiva as
Vaidyanath, ‘the Lord of physicians’.
Kiragrama (modern Baijnath) situated on the bank of the river
Binduka was a part of
Trigarta (the territory lying between the rivers Ravi and Satluj, roughly represented by districts of Kangra and Jalandhar) under the suzerainty of king Jayachandra, the overlord of Jalandhara. Under him a
Rajanaka (local chief)
Lakshmanachandra, who was matrimonially related to
Jayachandra from his mother’s side, was ruling over Kiragrama.
Genealogy of
Lakshmanachandra is given in these inscriptions.
The antiquity of the temple and its continuous patronage and worship is attested by a number of inscriptions found within the temple complex. The most important are the two long inscriptions written in Sanskrit language and Sharada script engraved on stone slabs fixed in the northern and southern walls of the main hall (mandapa) of the temple. They provide details of the construction of this temple in Saka year 1126 (
AD 1204) by two merchant brothers Manyuka and Ahuka. The genealogy of the local rulers, name of the sovereign ruler Jayachandra, names of the architects of the temple, Nayaka son of Asika and Thoduka both from
Susarmapura (modern Kangra) and the genealogy of the donor merchants is mentioned in these inscriptions besides the verses in praise of the god Siva. The text and translation of the inscriptions are available on official site of the temple.
Bainath Shiva (Viadyanatha) temple Inscription Saka samvat 1126 (1204 AD)
Brief description of names and places appearing in text of Inscriptions is given below for ready reference of the readers. Genealogy of Lakshmanachandra is also given in these inscriptions.
1. Bainath Shiva (Viadyanatha) temple (left hand wall of porch) Inscription Saka samvat 1126 (1204 AD) mentions:
(V.1 L.2): Salutes
Virabhadra too in addition to Shiva
(V.6 L.7): Jayachandra as the overlord of
Jalandhara
(V.8 L.9): Two brothers Manyuka (मन्युक) and Ahuka (आहुक)
(V.10 L.10,11): Village
Kiragrama (कीरग्राम) in
Trigarta (त्रिगर्त), rivulet Binduka (बिन्दुक), Rajanaka Lakshamana (राजानक लक्ष्मण)
(V.11-18): Genealogy Rajanaka Kanda (राजानक कन्द) → Buddha (बुद्ध) → Uddhura (उदधुर ) → Vigraha (विग्रह) → Brahma (ब्रह्म) → Dombaka (डोंबक) → Bhuvana (भुवन) → Kalhana (कल्हण) → Bilhana (बिल्हण) (wife:Lakshanika D/O Hridyachandra of Trigarta) → Rama + Lakshmana
(V.22-23): When Lakshmanachandra's wife Mayatalla was protecting the village Kiragrama, there lived two sons Manyuka and Ahuka sons of merchant Siddha.
(V.28) : Four ancestors of Manyuka and Ahuka - Suhila, Pahila, Kahila and Siddha
(V.31) : Lakshna mother of Rajanaka donated land from village Pralamba to Shiva
(V.34) : Manyuka and Ahuka donated 4 hala cultivable land from village ([Navagrama]] for Shiva.
(V.37) : Bhringaka's (भृंगक) son created this eulogy, eulogy engraved by Guhaka of the region of Chabedha (चबेढ़), the land of Shiva.
2. Bainath Shiva (Viadyanatha) temple (right hand wall of porch) Inscription Saka 1126 AD (1204 AD) of Jayachandra mentions:
V.1-20: Contain eulogy of Shiva and Parvati. No historical content.
V.21: Rajanala Lakshmanachadra
V.22: Pilgrimage to Kedaranatha by him for purifying
V.27: Merchant named Manyuka, S/O Siddha, his mother Chinna
V.28: His younger brother Ahuka, his wife Gulha
V.30: Rich merchant Manyuka
V.31: In Susharmapura lives brahman named Ralhana S/O Asuka
V.32: Donation of two dronas paddy to Shiva from village Navagrama
V.33: Ganeshvara S/O Brahman Govinda donated 2 hala land to temple
V.34: Merchant Jivaka S/O Devika and Malhika donate land to temple
V.35: Shiva temple constructed by Manyuka and Ahuka
V.36-37: Architects Nayaka S/O Asita came from Susharmapura, and so also Thodhuka S/O Sammana
V.38: Poet Rama S/O Shrangara and Bhringaka composed eulogy.
V.39: On the first Lunar Day of the bright fortnight of month Jyeshtha ,when the 80th year has been completed during the reign of Jayachandra, Eulogistic poem composed by Rama on day of Sun. Elapsed year of the Saka era 1126
Notes - 1. Baijnath is prakrat form of
Vaidyanath. This may be connected with
Vaidvan clan also.
2. In the first Inscription we find worship of
Virabhadra who is ancestor of many Jat clans. It is probably first time I find name of
Virabhadra in an Inscription of 1204 AD.
3. We need to further research as to what happened to the
Baijnath clan. Prasantji may help if
Baijnath became
Vaidwan ?
4. In the first Inscription we do not find mention of a Brahman but in second there are brahmans who donate land to Shiva temple.
5. The King is sent to Kedarnath for purification. It means he is being made Hindu. They are probably
Nagavanshi as the title of Chief is Rajanaka.
6. We also find mention of
Trigarta in the Inscriptions which defines its geography.
7.
Hala is unit of measurement of cultivable Land. This is a Jat term commonly used.
8. One more Inscription where Shiva is known as Baijnath is
Harsnath Inscription of Chauhans of year 973 AD on Harsha Parvata near Sikar.
9.
Guvaka name is mentioned in Baijnath as well as Harsha Inscription.
10. Ancient name
Kiragrama indicates
Kira people lived here. Kera (केरा) is Gotra of Jats found in Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. This name also indicates that these people were Nagavanshi who are made Hindus.
11. You may read more at
http://www.jatland.com/home/Baijnath_Kangra