Hari Ram Dhaka

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R), Jaipur
Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka
Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka being honoured by Jat Kirti Sansthan on 31.8.2017 at Ratangarh
Honour by Jat Kirti Sansthan at Gramin Kisan Chhatrawas Ratangarh‎ on 31.8.2017

Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka (चौधरी हरिराम ढाका) is Freedom fighter and social worker from Churu district in Rajasthan. He was born on ashadha shukla 10 samvat 1980 (1923 AD) in village Norangsar, tehsil Sujangarh, district Churu, Rajasthan. His father was Shri Ramu Ram Dhaka.

Education

He got early education in village Norangsar under guru Tulsi Ram Sharma in his private school. He got education up to 7th standard in Hanuman Gramya Pathshala Salasar. He went to P.C.V. High School Sujangarh for further studies where he was told that as per orders of Maharaja Bikaner, the Jat boys will not be given admission in the School. Thus he did not get admission in Government School. This incidence hurt him a lot.

Joined freedom movement

In 1943 the freedom movement got strengthened in Bikaner state under Praja Parishad Bikaner, founded by Raghuvar Dayal Goyal, who organized the farmers against oppressions by the Jagirdars. The prominent people of the region who were associated with this organization were:


The home town of Hari Ram Dhaka, Norangsar village, was situated on the tri-junction of Jodhpur, Jaipur and Bikaner States and was influenced by waves of oppression on the farmers by Jagirdars from all the states. Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka also felt the heat and decided to join the movement. One night he left the village without the permission of his parents and became underground to take part in the freedom movement. He also decided to impart education to the children of farmers.

Efforts to impart education

Jat Historians[1] mention that Chaudhari Rupram Maan and Swami Chetnanand started the education program of Jat farmers in rural areas of Ratangarh tehsil by opening private schools. They appointed Swami Nityanand and Chaudhari Chandgi Ram for this purpose. Swami Chetnanand was born in the family of a Jat farmer and could feel the effect of oppression by Jagirdars. These people remained under ground and collected money to start the private education of Jat boys. Chaudhari Buddhram Katewa of Bharatia ki Dhani, Ratangarh, Chaudhari Buddhram Dudi village Sitsar and Chaudhari Surta Ram Sewda, Ratangarh helped a lot in this campaign. Chaudhari Surta Ram Sewda gave his own land for starting a school and Chaudhari Buddhram Dudi got made a shade on this land to start a school.

At that time there were about 40-50 Jat boys getting education in Ratangarh town who were mainly from Sihag, Dudi, and Tetarwal Jats of Ratangarh town and rest were from nearby villages like Sangasar, Loonchh, Loha, Chhabri, Kadia, Tidiyasar, Thathawata etc. Most of these boys were from poor families and could not afford education on their own. The only means of funding the private education was through collection of chanda or subscription from the farmers. Jats of Ratangarh and Churu either could not afford or did not give subscription out of fear of the Jagirdars. But the Jats of Ganganagar district were well off and they were not much effected by Jagirdars. They gave handsome amounts for education.

Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka went to Sangariya to get financial help from Swami Keshwanand. Swami Keshwanand appointed him the Manager of Industries Department of Jat High School Sangariya. Megh Singh Sewda also joined this school. Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka collected about Rs. 2000/- from the teachers of Jat High School and called Chaudhari Rupram Maan, Vidyarthi Bhawan Ratangarh, to hand over this amount. He then sent Chaudhari Rupram Maan to Advocate Harishchandra Nain at Ganganagar. There was a good subscription at Ganganagar and with this financial assistance Chaudhari Rupram Maan and Swami Chetnanand organized a grand sabha of farmers at Ratangarh in Podaron ka Nohra. Swami Keshwanand and Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka also joined this sabha. A number of decisions were taken in this sabha about awakening of the farmers of this area. As decided in this sabha Swami Keshwanand sent Chaudhari Hari Ram Dhaka to Ratangarh to enhance the movement of education and freedom.

Hari Ram Dhaka and Megh Singh Sewda went from village to village in Churu district and gave momentum to this movement. Tiku Ram Budania, Rupram Maan and Hari Ram Dhaka organized a meeting at village Loha in Ratangarh tehsil. The urban people also came in their support. Mohan Lal Saraswat and Rameswar Pareek from Ratangarh were of great help in the sabha. Jagirdars did their best to disturb the sabha but it continued. It was decided unanimously not to pay the taxes to the Jagirdars and not to obey their orders.

Sabha at Loha village against Jagirdari system

Hari Ram Dhaka and Megh Singh Sewda went from village to village in Churu district and gave momentum to this movement. Tiku Ram Budania of Loha, Budh Ram Dudi of Sitsar, Rupram Maan and Hari Ram Dhaka of Norangsar organized a meeting at village Loha in Ratangarh tehsil on 10 October 1946.[2]

The urban people also came in their support. Mohan Lal Saraswat and Rameswar Pareek from Ratangarh were of great help in the sabha. Jagirdars did their best to disturb the sabha but it continued. It was decided unanimously not to pay the taxes to the Jagirdars and not to obey their orders.[3]

Role in Kangar movement

at Historians[4] mention that ....The Jagirdars had tried to prevent the farmers from taking part in Loha Sabha. This sabha at Loha village was quite successful. The Jagirdars were frightened about the decisions taken in this sabha. They approached Maharaja Bikaner from whom they obtained the permission to recover the land and other taxes forcefully. The Jagirdars assembled at village Kangar in Ratangarh tehsil in the fort of Gop Singh Jagirdar. They took the Kaimkhanis of Ratangarh also with them. They were all equipped with swords, guns, barchhis, bhalas etc. Here the Jagirdars decided to recover 20 times taxes forcefully. Looking to these preparations of the Jagirdars, the Jat farmers approached Hari Ram Dhaka and Rupram Maan at Ratangarh.

Hari Ram Dhaka sent Megh Singh, Rupram Maan, Sisram Bhaktopdeshak with the farmers of Kangar to assess the situation at Kangar. They found that the Jagirdars were enjoying drinks and goat meat. They had forcefully snatched goats, sheep, milk, curd etc. from villagers of Kangar. They started doing rape with the village women. Jagirdars dragged the villagers to the fort, beaten them and demanded 20 times taxes. The message spread to nearby villages and Jats also assembled in thousands of number for the counter action. They were also equipped with barchhi, bhala, jeli etc. The situation was very tense. Jats assessed the situation and decided not to have a direct confrontation as it may lead to hundreds of lives on both sides. All farmers consented that they should approach the Bikaner Maharaja to let him know the actual situation. A deputation of 35 agitating farmers was sent to Bikaner under the leadership of Rupram Maan and Megh Singh.

Hari Ram Dhaka along with seven persons reached Kangar. Chaudhari Surja Ram, Jaisangsar and Ganpat Ram Nai had also come to Kangar the same day. Both were in white khadi clothes and were wearing Gandhi topi. The Syangan Jagirdar, Kishan Singh, attacked them with lathi which broke the head of Surja Ram and one hand of Ganpat Ram. They fell on the ground. Kishan Singh was shouting "kill them". This attack led the revolutionaries to start demonstration against the Jagirdars, shouting slogans for freedom. This was the first demonstration against Jagirdars under leadership of Hari Ram Dhaka at Kangar village. On 30 October 1946 at 10 am, Hari Ram Dhaka along with his associates were arrested and imprisoned in the fort. They were beating them very badly and putting them in a shade full of pala. Muknaram Achra from village Gorisar, Chaudhari Ganpat Ram Satra from tehsil Churu and Hari Ram Dhaka along with others were put in pala after they fainted out of severe beating. At about 4 am in the morning they heard voices that thousands of Jats had gathered at village Barjangsar and started attacking Jagirdars and that they were reaching Kangar also. This sent ripples of pain amongst the Jagirdars who decided to release the freedom fighters. The revolutionaries were brought before Gop Singh, who was ADC of Bikaner Maharaja. The village Kangar was in Jagir of Gop Singh. Most of the Jagirdars had left the fort on hearing the news of coming of group of revolutionaries. The Kaimkhani of Ratangarh also left the fort of Kangar. The only persons left in the fort were Gop Singh himself along with Ram Singh DSP and his police party. All the revolutionaries had decided not to accept the directions of Gop Singh. At last they put the revolutionaries in a Jeep like cattle and through them away at Ratangarh. Here when they came to senses they found that a group of revolutionaries including Master Deep Chand, Moji Ram Chaudhari Chandgothi, Hans Raj Arya, Bhadra, Gangadatta and Prof Kedar from Ganganagar came to them. They were apprised of the incidence of Kangar.

जीवन परिचय

नहीं रहे काँगड़ कांड के हीरो चौधरी हरीराम ढाका

स्वतंत्रता सेनानी चौधरी हरीराम जी ढाका ने 19 दिसम्बर, 2020 सांयकाल के समय 104 वर्ष की आयु में अंतिम साँस ली. 20 दिसम्बर,2020 को दोपहर में आजादी के नायक का अंतिम संस्कार उनके गाँव नोरंगसर (सुजानगढ़) में किया गया. रतनगढ़ तहसील के काँगड़ गाँव में वर्ष 1946 में जागीरदारों द्वारा वीभत्स अकाल के बावजूद किसानों को लगान के लिए मजबूर किया गया जिसके विरोध में 35 किसानों का एक दल बीकानेर राजा के पास शिकायत लेकर पहुँच गया. बीकानेर के राजा ने भी जब किसानों की पीड़ा दूर नहीं की .... तब प्रजा परिषद् के सदस्यों ने किसानों का पक्ष रखने के लिए काँगड़ कूच किया. चौधरी हरीराम जी ढाका प्रथम जत्थे के संचालक थे...जागीरदारों के हाथों से जिस क्रूरता,अत्याचार और अमानुषिकता के साथ शारीरिक यातनाएं दी गयी थी जो जेल जीवन से भी अधिक कष्टकर थी. श्री हरीराम जी ढाका ने बीकानेर रियासत और चूरू जिले के जागीरदारों व सामंतों के अन्यायों का बहुत ही साहस और बहादुरी से मुकाबला किया था. स्वतंत्रता सेनानी चौधरी हरीराम जी ढाका को कोटि कोटि अंतिम प्रणाम!

मुख्यमंत्री ने जताई गहरी संवेदना

मुख्यमंत्री अशोक गहलोत ने चूरू के नौंरगसर गांव निवासी स्वतंत्रता सेनानी हरिराम ढाका के निधन पर गहरी संवेदनाएं प्रकट की है। सीएम गहलोत ने स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में ढाका की ओर से दिए गए योगदान को याद करते हुए उन्हें श्रद्धाजंलि अर्पित की।[5]

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya et al: Ādhunik Jat Itihas, Agra 1998, Section 9 pp.1-12
  2. ↑ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya et al: Ādhunik Jat Itihas, Agra 1998, Section 9 pp.1-12
  3. ↑ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya et al: Ādhunik Jat Itihas, Agra 1998, Section 9 pp.1-12
  4. ↑ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya et al: Ādhunik Jat Itihas, Agra 1998, Section 9 pp.1-12
  5. ↑ संजीवनी टुडे 20-12-2020

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