Chronology of Indian History --Newer discussions

sriP108 said:
Dear Mr Ravi Chaudhry and Dr Rajpal singh, i have been following you, inconsistently unfortunately, for the last few years. have just joined this site to correct misinformation on history of Chaudhri Chhaju Ram of Alakhpura, Pisawa and Pichor-Magrora families but while reading your thread i wondered if any of you are familiar with the book 'In search for the cradle of civilisation' by David Frawley et al, Underworld by Graham hancock and the historical novel 'Return of the Aryans, by Bhagwan gidwani. when read along side B.S Dahiya s book on Jats it opens a whole new world. David frawley (Vamdev Shashtri) has also authored many other books on the history of rig Vedas etc if you d be interested. Rajaram s book on the saraswati river is another one
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Good input, keep it up please !

A very warm welcome.

Hope that your constructive contribution in the form of posts

would take the Jatland com. to still higher scales in future.

regards and best wishes.
 
sriP108 said:
Dear Mr Ravi Chaudhry and Dr Rajpal singh, i have been following you, inconsistently unfortunately, for the last few years. have just joined this site to correct misinformation on history of Chaudhri Chhaju Ram of Alakhpura, Pisawa and Pichor-Magrora families but while reading your thread i wondered if any of you are familiar with the book 'In search for the cradle of civilisation' by David Frawley et al, Underworld by Graham hancock and the historical novel 'Return of the Aryans, by Bhagwan gidwani. when read along side B.S Dahiya s book on Jats it opens a whole new world. David frawley (Vamdev Shashtri) has also authored many other books on the history of rig Vedas etc if you d be interested. Rajaram s book on the saraswati river is another one
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Friend

Could you share with us what Vamdev Shastri [David Frawley] says on the timeline of the Vedas regarding their authors, their composition and the final shape of Vedas which we have today.

Thanks.
 
The Rig Veda is ''certainly a wonderful work; and proves that the Indo-Aryan mind had been scientifically developed long before the age of the poems of Homer or Hesiod. It must not be assumed that the hymns of this Veda are purely of a religious character. A hymn in the seventh book recounts in a singularly jocular manner the revival of the frogs at the commencement of the rains, and likens their croaking to the singing of the Brahmans in ceremonial worships." {Rig Veda, vii.103.}

To be contd...
 
It is certainly a curious fact that the same animal [Frog] was selected by the earliest satirist of Greece as the representative of the Homeric heroes. [Max Muller, Ancient Sanskrit Literature, pp.494]
 
Numerous other instances of a similar nature as quoted in the previous post might be easily adduced which are considered as non-religious.

One more example can be cited from the tenth book. Here a gamester's lamentation over his ruinous devotion to gambling is described. [Rig Veda, x.34].
 
It must be remembered that the hymns of the Rig Veda belong to different periods of history spreading over several centuries; some among them being older and some more recent.
 
The chronology of the Vedic age is indicated in the different styles of composition which are to be met with in the Vedas as well as in the later vedic literature like Brahmans, Upanishads, Sutras etc.

The Vedic age is divided by Max Muller into four distinct periods: namely the Chhandas period, the Mantra Period, the Brahmana period, and the Sutra period.

The respective styles of the compositions of these four periods seem to differ very much from one another.
 
Max Muller says that the Chhandas period may be supposed to have lasted from 1200 B.C. to 1000 B.C.;

the Mantra period from 1000 to 800 B.C.;

the Brahmana period from 800 B.C. to 600 B.C.;

and the Sutra period from 600 B.C. to 200 B.C.

But, several authors have challenged this arbitrary assigning of the period for Vedic literature.
 
Dr. Haug [Aitareya-Brahmana, i, p.47] writes on the issue: "We do not hesitate, therefore,

to assign the composition of the bulk of the Brahmanas to the years 1400-1200 B.C.; for the

Samhita we require a period of at least 500-600 years, with an interval of about two hundred

years between the end of the proper Brahmana period. Thus we obtain for the bulk of Samhita

the space from 1400-2000 B.C.; the oldest hymns and sacrificial formulas may be a few hundred

years more ancient still, so that we would fix the very commencement of Vedic literature between 2000-2400 B.C."

Some other views are also prevalent on the issue, which, if anyone wants to share are welcome.

Thanks and regards
 
As regards the identification of Eras mentioned in Vedic Age, P.L. Bhargava, [Vedic Age in India, p.158], says:

"The Puranas had, in fact divided the history of ancient India into four periods which were given the artificial names of Krita, Treta, Dvapara, and Kali Age that occur in Vedic Literature as the designations of throws at dice.

Of these four periods the first three periods covered what we call the Vedic age. the Krita yuga was clearly equivalent to what we call Rig Vedic period.

The latter Vedic period was divided into two yugas, of which the Treta ended with Rama Dasarathi's destruction of Raksasas and the Dvapara ended with the Bharata War."
 
Kindly know some of the famous Indian Eras:



Vikram Era ........................................ 58 BC
Saka Era .......................................... 78 AD
Gupta Era ...................................... 320 AD
Hijra Era ........................................ 622 AD
Kollam Era ..................................... 825 AD
Illahi Era ....................................... 1583 AD


For those who are preparing for competitive examinations, chronology of Indian history has been summarised at :

http://www.secretariatassistant.com/uploads/prelim_exam/1107271311762433India(History).pdf
 
Though Swami Dayanand Saraswati did not consider Vedas as History yet he has also assigned them a very remote antiquity.

Read the books authored by Swamiji including Satyarth Prakash.
 
Book of Indian Eras, with Tables for calculating Indian Dates by Alexander Cunningham is a must read for those who have some interest in the Ancient, Medieval or even Modern History of India.

The title is self explanatory about the contents of the book.
 
DrRajpalSingh said:
Book of Indian Eras, with Tables for calculating Indian Dates by Alexander Cunningham is a must read for those who have some interest in the Ancient, Medieval or even Modern History of India.

The title is self explanatory about the contents of the book.
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The tables given in the book under reference will certainly be helpful for the research scholars

engaged in studies on Indian History starting from early times to the modern period. The tables are

presented as ready reckoners to convert dates and days of various Eras into Christian Era.

A must read book for history lovers.


Thanks and regards
 
Aryans DNA proves

Dear Dr Rajpal sing ji

I am reading you and others on this thread.
your work is accountable and impressive towards Aryans origin and also jaats.
i am putting some useful data of some researchers with the evidence of DNA analysis of Aryans through the world-


New Light on the Aryans by Ian Freeman
Northwich, Cheshire, UK

January-February 2013 issue of Heritage and Destiny magazine.




New scientific research has proved that the supposedly "discredited" Aryan Race Theory may have been right after all. This theory argued that fair-haired, light-eyed Nordic warriors, having tamed the horse and invented the wheel, conquered most of Europe, much of the Middle East and Northern India thousands of years ago, bringing with them the family of languages that used to be known as Aryan, and are now known as Indo-European, spoken from Ireland to the Bay of Bengal.


The Indo-European family of languages includes Modern English, German, French, Italian, Irish, Greek, Russian and indeed all European languages apart from Finnish, Hungarian and Basque, together with Iranian, Pashtu, Hindi, Gujarati, Bengali. Sinhalese and other Northern (or originally Northern) Indian languages. The kinship can still be seen in basic words like one, two, three--amhain (pronounced awan), dha, tri in Irish, une, deux, trois in French, unus, duo, tres in Latin, eins, zwei, drei in German, einn, tver, thrir in Icelandic, odin, dva, tri in Russian, ena, duo, tria in Greek. Compared to yksi, kaski, kolme in unrelated Finnish.


In the ancestor of the Indian branch of this language family, Sanskrit, it's eka, dva, treya. The people who spoke that language swept into the plains of Northern India almost 4,000 years ago as chariot-riding conquerors, calling themselves Aryas, "lords." On the way they gave their name to Iran, derived from "Aryan." Others swept eastward, where for a thousand years an Indo-European language, Tocharian, was spoken in what is now Chinese Turkestan. Suggestion that this ancient race of more-advanced conquerors were blonde-haired, blue-eyed Nordics were dismissed since 1945 as "discredited"--i.e., Politically Incorrect rather than proved wrong. Linking race and culture was a big academic career-ending no-no.


But meanwhile archaeologists and historians of languages, avoding such explosive topics, managed to link the Proto-Indo-Europeans, the conquerors before they exploded from their homeland, to the Bronze Age Androvonovo Culture, based in western Siberia and what is now Kazakhstan. The remains of the people themselves were buried in great mounds, like later Viking and Anglo-Saxon barrows and howes, known as kurgans.


Now geneticists have examined the DNA of these Proto-Indo-Europeans, or Aryans as they probably called themselves and were called until the PC shutters came down, extracted from their ancient tombs. The results are deeply Politically Incorrect, as revealed in three seminal papers:
C. Bouakaze et al, First successful assay of Y-SNP typing by SNaPshot minisequencing on ancient DNA, International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol 121 (2007), pp. 493-499.
C. Keyser et al, Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of South Siberian Kurgan people, Human Genetics, vol. 125, no. 3 (September 2009), pp. 395-410.
C. Lalueza-Fox et al, 2004. Unraveling migrations in the steppe: mitochondiral DNA sequences from ancient central Asians, Unravelling migrations in the steppe: mitochondrial DNA sequences from ancient central Asians.


It turns out that genetically the Proto-Indo-Europeans buried in the steppe kurgan graves 5,000 years ago were identical with modern Western and Northern Europeans belonging to the Nordic sub-race. About 60% had light hair and blue and green eyes.


It wasn't until much later that the gene complexes associated with other racial types appeared in the Central Asian steppe north of the deserts and irrigated farming zone--not until Turkic speakers started moving west, in fact. The Turks originated in the Iron Mountains of Western Mongolia, which they began to spread out of 2,000 years ago--a fact relevant to their descendants' claim to be "Europeans" who should be let into the EU.


The typical steppe nomad horseman before the Turks and later the Mongols spread west, and the typical Aryan who brought what is now Hinduism to India and gave his speech to almost every nation from the Bay of Bengal to the Atlantic looked, it is now clear from the evidence, like a modern Dane or Norwegian. And indeed do the mummified remains of the Tocharian speakers in what is now Chinese Turkestan, who have blonde and red hair. So, incidentally, did many early Pharoahs of Egypt.


It is also clear from the appearance of most speakers of Indo-Aryan languages today in Pakistan, Northern India, Blackburn, Leicester and a corner shop near you, that significant interbreeding has occurred between conquerors and conquered in the 4,000 years since...
 
shailchhillar said:
Dear Dr Rajpal sing ji

I am reading you and others on this thread.
your work is accountable and impressive towards Aryans origin and also jaats.
i am putting some useful data of some researchers with the evidence of DNA analysis of Aryans through the world-


New Light on the Aryans by Ian Freeman
Northwich, Cheshire, UK

January-February 2013 issue of Heritage and Destiny magazine.




New scientific research has proved that the supposedly "discredited" Aryan Race Theory may have been right after all. This theory argued that fair-haired, light-eyed Nordic warriors, having tamed the horse and invented the wheel, conquered most of Europe, much of the Middle East and Northern India thousands of years ago, bringing with them the family of languages that used to be known as Aryan, and are now known as Indo-European, spoken from Ireland to the Bay of Bengal.


The Indo-European family of languages includes Modern English, German, French, Italian, Irish, Greek, Russian and indeed all European languages apart from Finnish, Hungarian and Basque, together with Iranian, Pashtu, Hindi, Gujarati, Bengali. Sinhalese and other Northern (or originally Northern) Indian languages. The kinship can still be seen in basic words like one, two, three--amhain (pronounced awan), dha, tri in Irish, une, deux, trois in French, unus, duo, tres in Latin, eins, zwei, drei in German, einn, tver, thrir in Icelandic, odin, dva, tri in Russian, ena, duo, tria in Greek. Compared to yksi, kaski, kolme in unrelated Finnish.


In the ancestor of the Indian branch of this language family, Sanskrit, it's eka, dva, treya. The people who spoke that language swept into the plains of Northern India almost 4,000 years ago as chariot-riding conquerors, calling themselves Aryas, "lords." On the way they gave their name to Iran, derived from "Aryan." Others swept eastward, where for a thousand years an Indo-European language, Tocharian, was spoken in what is now Chinese Turkestan. Suggestion that this ancient race of more-advanced conquerors were blonde-haired, blue-eyed Nordics were dismissed since 1945 as "discredited"--i.e., Politically Incorrect rather than proved wrong. Linking race and culture was a big academic career-ending no-no.


But meanwhile archaeologists and historians of languages, avoding such explosive topics, managed to link the Proto-Indo-Europeans, the conquerors before they exploded from their homeland, to the Bronze Age Androvonovo Culture, based in western Siberia and what is now Kazakhstan. The remains of the people themselves were buried in great mounds, like later Viking and Anglo-Saxon barrows and howes, known as kurgans.


Now geneticists have examined the DNA of these Proto-Indo-Europeans, or Aryans as they probably called themselves and were called until the PC shutters came down, extracted from their ancient tombs. The results are deeply Politically Incorrect, as revealed in three seminal papers:
C. Bouakaze et al, First successful assay of Y-SNP typing by SNaPshot minisequencing on ancient DNA, International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol 121 (2007), pp. 493-499.
C. Keyser et al, Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of South Siberian Kurgan people, Human Genetics, vol. 125, no. 3 (September 2009), pp. 395-410.
C. Lalueza-Fox et al, 2004. Unraveling migrations in the steppe: mitochondiral DNA sequences from ancient central Asians, Unravelling migrations in the steppe: mitochondrial DNA sequences from ancient central Asians.


It turns out that genetically the Proto-Indo-Europeans buried in the steppe kurgan graves 5,000 years ago were identical with modern Western and Northern Europeans belonging to the Nordic sub-race. About 60% had light hair and blue and green eyes.


It wasn't until much later that the gene complexes associated with other racial types appeared in the Central Asian steppe north of the deserts and irrigated farming zone--not until Turkic speakers started moving west, in fact. The Turks originated in the Iron Mountains of Western Mongolia, which they began to spread out of 2,000 years ago--a fact relevant to their descendants' claim to be "Europeans" who should be let into the EU.


The typical steppe nomad horseman before the Turks and later the Mongols spread west, and the typical Aryan who brought what is now Hinduism to India and gave his speech to almost every nation from the Bay of Bengal to the Atlantic looked, it is now clear from the evidence, like a modern Dane or Norwegian. And indeed do the mummified remains of the Tocharian speakers in what is now Chinese Turkestan, who have blonde and red hair. So, incidentally, did many early Pharoahs of Egypt.


It is also clear from the appearance of most speakers of Indo-Aryan languages today in Pakistan, Northern India, Blackburn, Leicester and a corner shop near you, that significant interbreeding has occurred between conquerors and conquered in the 4,000 years since...
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Welcome to the Jatland site and also thanks for joining history sub forum with very brilliantly researched/written inputs with sources quoted.

We hope that other young participants would follow your effort to enrich the contents of inputs and thus improve further the quality of discussions on history forum.

Thanks and best wishes,
 
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