How Agriculture in India will survive and thrive?

S

samarkadian

Active member
महाभारत काल की घटना है.

महाभारत युद्ध जीतने के पश्चात इन्द्रप्रस्थ महाराज युधिस्ठिर के नेत्रित्व में दिन दौगुनी रात चौगुनी उन्नति कर रहा था. मह्रिषी नारद को तो आप जानते ही हैं वो उस समय के इन्टरनेट थे. नारायण नारायण करते युधिस्ठिर के सामने प्रकट हुए और पुछा, '' महाराज आपके राज्य में चारो और समृधि एवं खुशहाली है.''

युधिस्ठिर ने मंद मंद मुसुकराते प्रति उत्तर दिया ,'' गुरुवर, मेरे राज्य में कृषि इंदर देव की मेहरबानी पर निर्भर नहीं है.''


उपरोक्त घटना ये विचार करने पर बाध्य करती है की इन्द्रप्रस्थ की भूमि एवं जनमानस उस काल के पश्चात विकसित हुए हैं या पतित. खैर समय बड़ा बलवान है. समय - चक्र घुमा और भारतवर्ष का किसान सिर्फ और सिर्फ वर्षा पर निर्भर हो गया.वर्षा जैसे प्राक्रतिक संसाधन पर तो मनुष्य का कोई जोर नहीं चल सकता किन्तु कृषि नीतिया अवस्य वर्तमान समय में किसान को बदहाल अथवा खुशाल बनाने में अति महत्वपूर्ण हैं .


कहने को इक्कीसवी सदी है परन्तु कुछ आकंडे विचलित कर देने वाले हैं मुख्यत कृषि क्षेत्र से. 1997 से 2008 के दशक में लगभग दो लाख किसानो ने क़र्ज़ के अपमान से बचने हेतु आत्महत्या की. वही प्रतिदीन वैश्विक हो रही धरती पर सयुंक्त राज्य अमेरिका ने 1995 से 2005 के मध्य अपने किसानो को 12,50,000 करोड़ रुपए का अनुदान (सब्सिडी) प्रदान की . न केवल वहां के किसानो को अनुदान मिला अपितु अन्य कई महत्वपूर्ण लाभ भी दिए गए. किसान किसी भी देश के क्यों न हो मेहनत बराबर की करते हैं परन्तु भयंकर अदूरदर्शी कृषी नीतियों के कारण के भारतीय किसान आत्महत्या कर रहे हैं वहीँ उनके अमरीकी बन्धु अपने मेहनत का यथोचित फल प्राप्त कर रहे है . जहाँ भारतवर्ष में एक किसान की औसत आय 28000 सालाना है वहीँ अमेरिका और यूरोप के किसानो का वार्षिक अनुदान 48000 रूपये है . इसमें रिपोर्ट में वहां की आमदनी शामिल नहीं है . इस प्रकार वहां के किसानो का मनोबल एवं कृषी के प्रति रुझान देखते ही बनता है. इसी वजह से बहुत
से यूरोपीय देशो में औसत कृषि आय शेष अर्थव्यस्था की औसत से दोगुनी है.



विदेशो में वास कर रहे जाटलैंड के सदस्य इस बात से हमे अवगत करा सकते हैं और समझा सकते हैं की बराबर की मेहनत करने के पश्चात भी अपने यहाँ का किसान आमदनी में मामले में पिच्छे क्यों है.


इस अनुदान के तिलस्म को विस्तार से समझाने के लिए कृपया सदस्य आगे आये!


निति निर्माता , शिक्षा विशेज्ञ , कृषी विभाग के पास किसानो की आत्महत्या का कोई जवाब नहीं है. इसके लिए किसान संघठन एवं राजनितिक दल भी बराबर के जिम्मेदार है. जब गन्ना किसान आन्दोलन करके गन्ना मूल्य वृदि की मांग मनवा सकते हैं तो कृषी अनुदान की बात उनके ऐजेंडा में शामिल क्यों नहीं हो पाती. यही हाल रहा तो wto दोहा विकास वार्ता 2010 के पूरी होने तक भारत को अपने आयात शुल्को को लगभग शून्य तक घटना पड़ सकता है .फलस्वरूप खादन्न के आयात का सीधा असर किसानो पर. आत्महत्या की संख्या में अपूर्व बढोतरी. वहीँ दूसरी और अमेरिका एवं यूरोप पूरी दुनिया को खाधान आव्यसक्ताओ के लिए अपने ऊपर निर्भर बनाने की और अग्रसर है.

कुछ यक्ष प्रश्न छोड़ रहा हूँ आप लोगो के लिए :-

क्या कृषी पैदावार बदने से भारतीय किसानो आमदनी बढती है? अगर हाँ तो कैसे?

पशिमी देशो में किसान समृद्ध सिर्फ उच्च पैदावार की वजह से है?

कृषक संगठनो की नाकामियों का मूल कारण क्या है ?

राजनितिक पार्टियों के पास अपने चुनावी मुद्दों पर कृषि के समग्न विकास के लिए कोई साफ़ लाइन क्यों नहीं है ?

किसानो की आत्महत्या पर राजनितिक पार्टियों की चुप्पी का क्या कारण है ? कृषि मंत्रालय ने इस त्रासदी के लिए क्या कदम उठाये हैं ?

इसके अलावा सदस्य आसान शब्दों में रासट्रीय एवं अंतररासट्रीय कृषी नीतियों एवं उनके अंशकालिक और दीर्घकालिक प्रभाव की विवेचना करने के लिए आमन्त्रित है !
 
Last edited:
मुझे बहुत ख़ुशी है की ये मुद्दा तुमने उठाया जोकि उस स्थिति को सबसे ज्यादा अच्छे से समझता है क्योंकि तुमसे ज्यादा किसान के नजदीक कोई नहीं होगा !
सिंचाई के साधनों की कमी किसान की फसल के ओने पाने दाम और किसान का अज्ञान होना बहुत बड़ी समस्याएं हैं!

क्या कृषी पैदावार बदने से भारतीय किसानो आमदनी बढती है? अगर हाँ तो कैसे?
कृषि पैदावार बढ़ने से आमदनी तो बढ़ेगी पर उसके नुकसान भी हैं सरकार उसकी फसल के दाम गिरा देगी क्योंकि सरकार के पास गोदाम की भरी कमी है और ये कमी जानबूझ कर रखी गयी है ताकि सरकारी वाशिंदों को बाहर देशो से चीजो को मंगवाने का मौका मिल सके और वो कुछ खा सकें !बाहर से मंगवाए गए सामान में हमें कुछ ऐसी सौगात फ्री में मिली हैं जिनकी तारीफ भी मेरी पहुँच से बाहर है जैसे की कोच्क्रोच, काबली कीकर आर कांग्रेस घास तीनो की तारीफ के लिए एक नया धागा चालू हो सकता है एक के लिए तो है भी! खैर हमारा सारा अनाज खुले में बारिश में सड़ता रहता है और हम भिखारियों की तरह मांगते रहते हैं !दूसरा हमारे यहाँ ज्यादा जोर सिर्फ कुछ ही फसलो पर दिया जाता है जैसे गेहू धान! फल उगने में हम दुनिया में सबसे आगे हैं सब्जिया भी हमारे यहाँ सबसे ज्यादा होती हैं पर उसके बावजूद हमारे यहाँ लोगो को दो टाइम का खाना नसीब नहीं होता क्योंकि उनके निवाले छीन कर खाने वाले बहुत हैं जोकि दूसरो के हिस्से का खाना खा रहे हैं ! सरकार (जिन्हें हम इस नाम से जानते हैं) व्यापारियों का ज्यादा सोचती हैं क्योंकि किसान तो अगले साल फिर उगा लेगा अगर व्यापारी के बाट पीले हो गए तो बेचारा गरीब मारा जागा ! व्यापारियों को नुक्सान न हो इसके लिए सरकर उनके गोदामों में भरा माल चेक नहीं करते और अपने गोदाम (खुले आसमान के नीचे )में रखे सामान में जानबूझ कर पानी मरवा देते हैं !फिर व्यापारी उस सामान जोकि किसान से ख़रीदा था उसकी कीमत को पांच गुना करके मार्केट में बेचते हैं और इनकम टैक्स की दुहाई देने वाले उसे खरीद कर चाव से खाते हैं !कृषि पैदावार की बजाये उपज का सही दाम सही हाथ में और उसका संरक्षण भी सही हाथो में होना चाहिए !

पशिमी देशो में किसान समृद्ध सिर्फ उच्च पैदावार की वजह से है?
नहीं पश्चिमी देशी में संरक्षण और दाम दोनों चीजे किसानो को अच्छी मिलती हैं! उनकी पैदावार थोड़ी जमीन पर अच्छी तो है पर यूरोप में साल में एक ही फसल निकल पाते हैं पर वो अपने निकले एक एक दाने को सहेज कर रखते हैं !

कृषक संगठनो की नाकामियों का मूल कारण क्या है ?
भूखे भेडिये जिन्हें किसान से ज्यादा व्यापारी गरीब नजर आता है क्योंकि वो व्यापारी उनकी गरीबी हटाता है !

राजनितिक पार्टियों के पास अपने चुनावी मुद्दों पर कृषि के समग्न विकास के लिए कोई साफ़ लाइन क्यों नहीं है ?
क्योंकि अगर किसान विकास कर गया तो पार्टियों को खाने के लिए कहाँ से मिलेगा? वो अपना हक़ जन जायेगा और उसके लिए मांग भी करेगा !
किसानो की आत्महत्या पर राजनितिक पार्टियों की चुप्पी का क्या कारण है ? कृषि मंत्रालय ने इस त्रासदी के लिए क्या कदम उठाये हैं ?
जाके पैर न फटी बिवाई वो क्या जाने पीर पराई !उन ने अम्बानी खटर लोग की जमीन खोसन तें फुर्सत ए न मिलती(ये उदहारण के लिए लाइन है इस मुद्दे पर बहस न करें )
 
में इस विषय पर एक ताजा उधाहरण देना चाहूँगा ----
अभी २-३ दिन पहले यु .अस . ए सरकार की रिपोट आई हे की उनोहने अपने कपास किसानो को जो सब्सिडी दी हे उसके कारण भारत में ४०,०००/ - किसानों ने आतम ह्त्या की हे | भारत सरकार ने सस्ती कपास इम्पोर्ट करने की इजाजत दे दी और मीलों ने भारतीय कपास की बजाये अमरीकी कपास खरीदी | जिसके कारण भाव गिर गए और किसानों को वाजिब दाम नहीं मिलने के कारण वे अपना कर्ज नहीं उतार पाए | जय हो शरद पवार किसान का बेटा |

एक दूसरा उधाहरण और हे --- यहाँ महाराष्ट्र में नवी मुंबई में महाराष्टर की सबसे बड़ी मंडी हे | २-३ साल पहले की बात हे ,किसानों की मूंगफली की फसल आई थी | फसल मंडी में आने के पहले दिन मूंगफली का भाव २०००/- रुपये परती कुइंतल था और अगले ही दिन ९००/- रुपये परती कोइंतल कर दिया गया | यहाँ पर सर्कार की तरफ से भाव कंट्रोल करने के लिए मंडी अधिकारी होते हैं | उनका काम किसानो के हक़ की हिफाजत करना होता हे | वे बनियों के साथ मिले होते हैं | जब किसानों ने विरध किया तो मंडी अधिकारी ने पुलिस को बुला लिया और शान्ति पूरण आन्दोलन होने के बावजूद भी उन् पर गोलियां चलाई गई | ९-१० किसान मारे गए | जय हो शरद पवार किसान का बेटा |
 
Neta Mala Maal Aur KIsan Kangal

Western UP के जाट लीडर किस तरह से किसानो की गरीबी से खेल रहे है इसका उधाहरण बागपत के किसानो का है| गन्ना किसानो के १४० करोड़ रुपए मलक पुर मिल बागपत के बकाया है मगर आज तक गन्ना किसानो की राजनीती करने वाले यहाँ के लीडर जो दिल्ली की सडको को तो जाम कर सकते है मगर इन मिलो से किसानो के पेमेंट की बात करते हुए घबराते है| क्या इनका पेमेंट यह खुद तो नहीं खा रहे और किसान बेचारा यही सोचता रहता है की यही उनकी लड़ाई लड़ रहे है|
क़ानून के हिसाब से मिल ओनर अगर १५ दिन में पेमेंट नहीं करते हे तो उन्हे १५ % के ब्याज से यह रक़म देनी होगी| yaha ke JAT leader के इसके बारे में न बोलना यही दर्शाता हे के किसानो की लड़ाई महज दिखावे के लिए लड़ रहे है|| कही यह १५% (Rs.120 crores)yeh leader खुद तो नहीं खा रहे क्योकि निम्नलिखित आकड़ो से पता चलता हे के यह रकम WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH की मिलो से अरबो में हे जो yeh Leader बड़े आसानी से डकार जाते हे
ज़िला बकायामुज़फ्फरनगर 218 करोड़ रुपये
बिजनौर 199 करोड़ रुपये
बागपत 139 करोड़ रुपये
मेरठ 136 करोड़ रुपये
सहारनपुर 80 करोड़ रुपये
योग रु. 772 करोड़
स्रोत: ज़िला गन्ना आयुक्त कार्यालय
 
Rich Agriculture means Rich India

Our Agricultre at present:

In the past, India has made great progress in providing food security for its people. However the growth rate of agriculture has decreased from 3.2 during 1985-90 (seventh plan) to 2.1 during 1997-2002 (Ninth plan). There has also been a decline in the growth rate of foodgrain production from 3.22 (1960) to 1.23 (1997). Foodgrain production is becoming a matter of concern again. Village and Agriculture are the backbone of our economy. But a sad factor is that our productivity per hectare and per capita is amongst the lowest in the world. The low per capita production is not only due to huge population, but also due to low productivity, which is only 64 percent of the world average. The productivity potential of Indian agriculture has been amply demonstrated in Punjab and Haryana, where it is nearly equal to those of developed countries. If India attains the productivity level already achieved in Punjab and Haryana, the national income of India would be more than double of what it is today.

Why we have low productivity ?
Among the many factors which determine productivity in agriculture one of the most important one is Producer's Subsidy Equivalent (PSE). The can be defined, as payments received by agriculturists, in excess of what they would have received, if the Government had not intervened in free marketing of agricultural produce. PSE includes direct and indirect payments by Government and also increased payments to farmers made inevitable by imposing ban on import of cheaper farm products from abroad. The U.S. Department of Agriculture in their publication entitled GATT & Agriculture" has reported the average PSE for 17 countries, for a period of 5 years from 1982- 86. The highest PSE (plus 70 percent) was in Japan, followed by S. Korea, Mexico, E.E.C and Canada. In U.S.A. it was above 25 percent. It means that in these countries, farmers received 25 to 70 percent more than what they would have received under conditions of free trade. In four countries, viz Pakistan, Nigeria, India and Argentina, PSEs were negative. In India it was below 18 percent. It means farmers in India received 18 percent less than what they would have received, if the Government had not intervened in free trade. This has been arrived at after deducting from the total losses suffered by farmers due to Government interventions and considering the amounts spent by Government for providing to farmers input assistance and infrastructural support. It is significant that in all the countries, in which PSEs were found to be negative, productivity of agriculture was much below the average of the world. In other words, wherever farmers have been exploited, agriculture has remained backward. It is not necessary to plead for subsidy to farmers in India, comparable to what their counterparts are getting in the developed countries. But anti-farmer interventions by the Government in free marketing of farm products, must now be stopped. Unless this is done, profitability, savings and capital formation in the farm sector will remain low and potentials of Indian agriculture unutilised.The following quotation from Economic Survey, 1994-95 is quite instructive. "Gross investment in real terms (at 1980-81 prices) in agriculture has stagnated. It was Rs. 4,636 crore in 1980-81 and Rs. 4,617 crore in 199^2-93 (actual). The total gross domestic formation declined from 18 percent in 1980-81 to 9 percent in 1992-93. The decline in real capital formation in agriculture in the public sector is more perceptible, as it has come down to Rs. 1,065 crore in 1992-93 compared to Rs. 1,796 crore in 1980-81. Private sector real investment in agriculture has increased in absolute terms from Rs 2,840 crore in 1980-81 to Rs.3,552 crore in 1992-93, though its share in total gross capital formation has declined significantly during the period. This decreasing share of private investment in the total gross capital formation seems to suggest that the agricultural sector is relatively less attractive for private investment as compared to other sectors of the economy. This suggests a need to strengthen incentives for attracting more private investment into agriculture."

Dependence on Ground Water and Rain
Over the last few years, increase in irrigated area has mainly taken place from groundwater source. Yields in areas irrigated by groundwater are often substantially higher than the yield from surface water sources. Research indicates that yields in groundwater irrigated areas are higher by one third to one half than in areas irrigated from surface sources, and as much as 70-80% of India’s agricultural output may be groundwater dependent (Marcus 1996). Higher yields from groundwater-irrigated areas are in large part due to increase in the reliability of water supply. In the paper, we explore how irrigated area driven by groundwater irrigation expansion will contribute in increasing the irrigation intensity. Much of the contribution in yield change in the last two decades is caused by high fertilizer usage. High use of fertilizer in agricultural production is also contributed by expansion of irrigation as the latter reduces the risk of investment in fertilizer. Two decades back, farmers applied only 30 kg of mineral fertilizers (nitrogenous, phosphatic and potassic fertilizers) to their land. Today, they apply 29kg per hectare which is three times as much. In the same period, foodgrain yields has increased every year, from about 1.023 tonnes/ha to 1.67 tonnes/ha. One of the concerns regarding the factors constraining the yield growth is imbalanced use of fertilizer. The pattern of fertilizer use is distorted to great extent. Data suggests extreme overuse of nitrogenous fertilizer, and to large extent it is due to under market price of nitrogenous fertilizer. The excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer usage is sticking mainly in the irrigated area of the north zone. With declining ground water table over use of nitrogenous fertilizer may slow down the yield growth in future
Irrigation is a crucial factor for reducing the fluctuation in food production in last decade. It is however, true that now with over 50% of the area under rainfed, rainfall is still one of the most important factors determining average yield. Due to vagaries in rainfall, we observe fluctuation in yield. In year 2000 out of 89 million tonnes of rice production nearly30 million tonnes are produced in the unirrigated area. In case of wheat, out of 56 million tonnes only 6 % of the total production comes from rain fed area.
There is also a growing concern about the growth rate of yield. In the period 1980-1990, yield of foodgrain was increasing at 3.2% per year but in the next decade the growth has slowed down to 1.7%. The slow growth in yield may be contributed by declining ground water table, salinity intrusion and over use of fertilizer. This slow growth of yield is prominent in the north zone where growth in foodgrain yield is not significantly higher compare to other geographic zones. This is also the region where fertilizer usage is very high and contributes more than 30% of the relative change in yield.

What changes can be made in Indian irrigation system

Progress in irrigation has not been without problems. In India, arge dams and long canals are costly and also highly visible indicators of progress; the political pressure to launch such projects was frequently irresistible. But because funds and technical expertise were in short supply, many projects moved forward at a slow pace. The Indira Gandhi Canal project is a leading example. And the central government's transfer of huge amounts of water from Punjab to Haryana and Rajasthan, frequently cited as a source of grievance by Sikhs in Punjab, contributed to the civil unrest in Punjab during the 1980s and early 1990s .
Problems also have arisen as ground water supplies used for irrigation face depletion. Drawing water off from one area to irrigate another often leads to increased salinity in the supply area with resultant effects on crop production there. Some areas receiving water through irrigation are poorly managed or inadequately designed; the result often is too much water and water-logged fields incapable of production. To alleviate this problem, more emphasis is being placed on using irrigation water to spray fields rather than allowing it to flow through ditches.

I think farmers would be better using Sprinkler pipes system and drip system for some crops. These are not so expensive methods which they can use instead of our old irrgation system through 'kayari'. The new systems control the water spray and prevent the field from over irrigated as well as under irrigated. Moreover for crops like grapes we can use covers as used in west. This will prevent grapes from being destryoed by 'loos'(strong wind in summer) and 'birds'. I know many farmers in haryana has stopped producing grapes due to the grapes being destryoed by the weather. HAU should advise farmers towards these methods through free seminars. Also the farmers has little knowledge about how much moisture and heat is needed for which crops. They totally depend on rain and canal. Also Rain water can be collected in big tanks and can be used later for irrigation.

I would discuss this area in full length later
 
Last edited:
Small Holdings & Other Crops

Often its said our productivity is low due to small holidings. The average size of small holdings, measuring less than two hectares, is 0.6 hectare and the annual income required to support a family above the poverty level is now estimated to be Rs.12,000. Therefore, the crucial question is: Can a land-holding of 0.6 hectare generate an annual income of more than Rs.12,000 ? The reply to this question is both "No" and "Yes". Income from farming does not depend only on the size of the farm, but on the capital invested on it, both in monetary terms and in technological know-how. Many small farmers in developed countries are earning many times more than what most land holders of 18 acres are earning in India. No doubt, glass-house is an extreme example. But there certainly is the possibility of earning an annual income of more than Rs. 12,000 from 0.6 hectares of land, provided the farmer gives up conventional farming i.e., production of grains and takes to horticulture and animal husbandry. Fortunately, the Government does not intervene in marketing of fruits, vegetables and animal products. Hence their prices have risen to about the same level, as the prices of all commodities. While the terms of trade are against producers of grains, that is not so, in case of producers of fruits, vegetables and animal products. One can surely earn net profit of more than Rs.12,000/- annually from a holding of 0.6 hectares by producing fruits, like banana, papaya, guava, lemon, mango, litchi, grapes, and vegetables like hybrid brinjal, tomato and cabbage. Plant propagation and seed production are even more rewarding. Animal husbandry, poultry keeping, goat keeping, pisciculture and dairying are no less profitable. These enterprises can also be combined. But for success in these specialised lines of agriculture, lot more capital, expertise and infrastructural facilities are required.


As Per Bhanu the below steps need to be taken to improve the present state of agriculture.

Institutional Credit
Institutional credit at present is advanced either on the basis of seasonal needs of conventional farming or of the value of land owned by a farmer. In case of small farmer, the value of land is naturally less, but his credit needs will be more if he takes to animal husbandry, poultry or fishery. Similarly, his repayment period will have to be longer, if he takes to production of fruits. Therefore, institutional credit will have to tailored according to the needs of small farmers.

Area Specific Programme
There is no lack of techniques of production, even for dryland and small farms, which can generate more incomes and employment in villages. But these cannot be adopted by small farmers, unless the necessary services to support these enterprises in the form of backward and forward linkages are first provided. Rural India will remain poor so long as (1) new techniques of farm production are not adopted more widely, (2) adequate capital in the form of loans for adoption of new techniques is not provided and (3) efficient marketing arrangements for the produce are not made which reduce the cost of distribution. All these will have to be provided simultaneously in a package and not in a haphazard manner. As it will not be possible to provide all the different services needed to support the different enterprises, it is advisable that farmers in every development block of the country be asked to select one cash crop or enterprise most suited to their area. After this decision has been made, every assistance - technological, financial and managerial - should be provided for that particular crop or enterprise through co-operative or panchayati effort. The NDDB has done a commendable job in providing all the facilities to milk producers of Gujarat. Similar facilities need to be provided for promotion and production of horticultural and animal husbandry products and in course of time, also for promotion of agro-processing industries and export of such products.

Model Farmer Scheme
To promote the above area-specific programme, it is necessary to promote participatory extension strategy. For this, it is suggested that at least one model small farmer be selected in each village with a population of more than 500. The model farmer should be educated upto high school and own land less than 2 hectares. His selection should be made strictly on merit. After selection, he should be trained at Government cost at a research institute for a period of time, considered necessary to train him in the use of the latest techniques of production for that crop or enterprise, which has been selected for his particular area . But mere training will not suffice, as it has been repeatedly proved that knowledge without capital is not of much help. Therefore, the model farmer should also be equipped, at Government cost, with whatever is necessary to enable him to apply the techniques of production, which he has learnt. The amount spent on equipping the model farmer with improved animal and tools of production should be realised from him in 25 yearly equal instalments, calculated at a concessional rate of interest. These model farmers, if properly trained, are likely to prove far more effective in dissemination of the new methods of intensive farming than the village level workers. Farmers learn more by seeing what their neighbours are doing than by listening to lectures. These model farmers will serve as pioneers of intensive farming as well as links between researchers and users of research. This scheme will enable about 3 lakh rural youth to earn a decent living, not at Government cost but through training and their hard work. Whatever the Government spends initially on their training and equipment, will have to be realized from them later on. The model farmers, if trained and enabled to produce improved seeds and plants, will also effectively meet the shortages of these inputs in the country which Government agencies have so far failed to do. The model small farmers can also be trained in artificial insemination of cows and plant protection to render these services to their neighbours.

Please Note: Many data and views were takesn from the articles by A. Bhaduri, U. Amarasinghe, T. Shah and Bhanu P. Singh which are freely availabe for public.
 
Last edited:
Reorientation of Agricultural Research
Agricultural research institutions should now focus their research efforts on increasing the overall productivity of marginal and .small farmers. They should also pay more attention to dryland as well as low land farming. So far, efforts have been mainly directed to obtain maximum production under the most favourable conditions. It is one thing to increase productivity on large farms through optimum use of modern inputs and quite another to make small farms profitable under difficult conditions. In India, 80 percent of the cultivators operate less than two hectares of land and majority of them also do not have adequate irrigation facilities. It is towards them that the researchers should now direct their attention. Plant breeders should aim to evolve varieties which are better suited to face environmental stresses such as drought, flood, salinity and diseases. Also more attention should be given to biofertilization of soil and regenerative agriculture.

Mechanisation of Small Farms
It is a mistaken notion that it is neither possible nor desirable to mechanise small farms. Japan, a more densely populated country, with average land-holding no bigger than ours, has fully mechanised its agriculture with great success. Before mechanisation in Japan, it used to take 1600 to 2000 manhours to produce 4.7 tonnes of rice on one hectare of land. After mechanisation, it takes only one third of it to produce 5.2 tonnes of rice on the same one hectare of land. Even in India, an energy survey in Punjab has revealed that human and bullock energy is several times costlier than energy produced by a diesel engine or an electric motor.Production cost of farm products cannot be reduced except through mechanisation, which does not necessarily require the use of big machines. For small holdings, small machines are available at reasonable prices all over the world, except in India. In order to minimise the drudgery of small farmers, increase the efficiency of inputs-use and save farmers' time for enabling them to take up income-augmenting supplementary enterprises such as dairying, goat keeping and sericulture, the use of modern time-saving farm implements of appropriate size needs to be promoted, either by duty-free import of such implements from countries like Japan and South Korea or by subsidising their purchase for small farmers. The use of small mechanised tools by small farmers who do not exploit labour, does not reduce employment, but only adds value to the working hours and that is exactly what is needed to lift them above the poverty level.

Need for a Third Marketing Channel
The greatest hurdles in the path of progress of farmers are the two prevailing marketing systems - one private and the other public both of which are exploiting the producers as well as the consumers. Therefore, there is need for a third marketing channel, through either revitalisation of the existing co-operatives or empowerment of the Gram Panchayats to act as co-operatives.

Agriculture insurance is also another thing which can help farmers but there are a few problems in that area as well. Cont--. later
 
Samarkadian said:
महाभारत काल की घटना है.

महाभारत युद्ध जीतने के पश्चात इन्द्रप्रस्थ महाराज युधिस्ठिर के नेत्रित्व में दिन दौगुनी रात चौगुनी उन्नति कर रहा था. मह्रिषी नारद को तो आप जानते ही हैं वो उस समय के इन्टरनेट थे. नारायण नारायण करते युधिस्ठिर के सामने प्रकट हुए और पुछा, '' महाराज आपके राज्य में चारो और समृधि एवं खुशहाली है.''

युधिस्ठिर ने मंद मंद मुसुकराते प्रति उत्तर दिया ,'' गुरुवर, मेरे राज्य में कृषि इंदर देव की मेहरबानी पर निर्भर नहीं है.''


उपरोक्त घटना ये विचार करने पर बाध्य करती है की इन्द्रप्रस्थ की भूमि एवं जनमानस उस काल के पश्चात विकसित हुए हैं या पतित. खैर समय बड़ा बलवान है. समय - चक्र घुमा और भारतवर्ष का किसान सिर्फ और सिर्फ वर्षा पर निर्भर हो गया.वर्षा जैसे प्राक्रतिक संसाधन पर तो मनुष्य का कोई जोर नहीं चल सकता किन्तु कृषि नीतिया अवस्य वर्तमान समय में किसान को बदहाल अथवा खुशाल बनाने में अति महत्वपूर्ण हैं .


कहने को इक्कीसवी सदी है परन्तु कुछ आकंडे विचलित कर देने वाले हैं मुख्यत कृषि क्षेत्र से. 1997 से 2008 के दशक में लगभग दो लाख किसानो ने क़र्ज़ के अपमान से बचने हेतु आत्महत्या की. वही प्रतिदीन वैश्विक हो रही धरती पर सयुंक्त राज्य अमेरिका ने 1995 से 2005 के मध्य अपने किसानो को 12,50,000 करोड़ रुपए का अनुदान (सब्सिडी) प्रदान की . न केवल वहां के किसानो को अनुदान मिला अपितु अन्य कई महत्वपूर्ण लाभ भी दिए गए. किसान किसी भी देश के क्यों न हो मेहनत बराबर की करते हैं परन्तु भयंकर अदूरदर्शी कृषी नीतियों के कारण के भारतीय किसान आत्महत्या कर रहे हैं वहीँ उनके अमरीकी बन्धु अपने मेहनत का यथोचित फल प्राप्त कर रहे है . जहाँ भारतवर्ष में एक किसान की औसत आय 28000 सालाना है वहीँ अमेरिका और यूरोप के किसानो का वार्षिक अनुदान 48000 रूपये है . इसमें रिपोर्ट में वहां की आमदनी शामिल नहीं है . इस प्रकार वहां के किसानो का मनोबल एवं कृषी के प्रति रुझान देखते ही बनता है. इसी वजह से बहुत
से यूरोपीय देशो में औसत कृषि आय शेष अर्थव्यस्था की औसत से दोगुनी है.



विदेशो में वास कर रहे जाटलैंड के सदस्य इस बात से हमे अवगत करा सकते हैं और समझा सकते हैं की बराबर की मेहनत करने के पश्चात भी अपने यहाँ का किसान आमदनी में मामले में पिच्छे क्यों है.


इस अनुदान के तिलस्म को विस्तार से समझाने के लिए कृपया सदस्य आगे आये!


निति निर्माता , शिक्षा विशेज्ञ , कृषी विभाग के पास किसानो की आत्महत्या का कोई जवाब नहीं है. इसके लिए किसान संघठन एवं राजनितिक दल भी बराबर के जिम्मेदार है. जब गन्ना किसान आन्दोलन करके गन्ना मूल्य वृदि की मांग मनवा सकते हैं तो कृषी अनुदान की बात उनके ऐजेंडा में शामिल क्यों नहीं हो पाती. यही हाल रहा तो wto दोहा विकास वार्ता 2010 के पूरी होने तक भारत को अपने आयात शुल्को को लगभग शून्य तक घटना पड़ सकता है .फलस्वरूप खादन्न के आयात का सीधा असर किसानो पर. आत्महत्या की संख्या में अपूर्व बढोतरी. वहीँ दूसरी और अमेरिका एवं यूरोप पूरी दुनिया को खाधान आव्यसक्ताओ के लिए अपने ऊपर निर्भर बनाने की और अग्रसर है.

कुछ यक्ष प्रश्न छोड़ रहा हूँ आप लोगो के लिए :-

क्या कृषी पैदावार बदने से भारतीय किसानो आमदनी बढती है? अगर हाँ तो कैसे?

पशिमी देशो में किसान समृद्ध सिर्फ उच्च पैदावार की वजह से है?

कृषक संगठनो की नाकामियों का मूल कारण क्या है ?

राजनितिक पार्टियों के पास अपने चुनावी मुद्दों पर कृषि के समग्न विकास के लिए कोई साफ़ लाइन क्यों नहीं है ?

किसानो की आत्महत्या पर राजनितिक पार्टियों की चुप्पी का क्या कारण है ? कृषि मंत्रालय ने इस त्रासदी के लिए क्या कदम उठाये हैं ?

इसके अलावा सदस्य आसान शब्दों में रासट्रीय एवं अंतररासट्रीय कृषी नीतियों एवं उनके अंशकालिक और दीर्घकालिक प्रभाव की विवेचना करने के लिए आमन्त्रित है !
Click to expand...


Dear Samar, A good toppic. Brother I feel that after independence two sections of the society (kissan & army jawan & 99% jawans come from kissan families) have been totally neglected, insulted & treated as if earlier these people were only responsible of the slavary of Indians. Mainly lack of education &unity are the reason. Niether kissan have proper organisation nor they use their mind for their good. regards
 
that's not true. every country is different and has different needs, specially when it comes to agriculture. if govt had not intervened, it would have been a disaster. you know how the inflation has been haunting us from almost a year now. if govt had allowed free trade of commodities, farmers would have become rich (which many of them are already) but many of us would not have enough sugar to sweeten our tea. we shouldn't always debate on comparing numbers with other countries.
in fact biggest mistake the govt has done is MSP and loan waiving which in long term are going to hit not only agriculture sector but also the overall economy. subsidies are always a bad idea. alwaysssssssssssss, we must look at other ways to encourage more people to do framing and increasing our yield than expecting maximum price. why don't you see how advance other countries are in terms of agricultural technology adoption. here when govt waived farmers debt, farmers didn' buy tractor or harvestors, they bought car. why because they know next time govt could provide tractor for free.
 
Main Problems are marked in red
Conversation Shared by Jatland Member Jit

Dhiraj Nayyar: Does food price inflation have anything to do with the rising MSPs given to farmers?

That is a very complicated situation since our country has both producers as well as consumers so both have to be taken care of. Had MSP not been there, we would have had to import. At one point, the government has to waive off farmers’ loans. The expenses in the chain between the farmers and consumers will remain. A sub-committee has been formed, of which I have been made the chairman and the chief ministers of Punjab, West Bengal and Bihar have been made members. The first meeting will be held on June 7, where I will be presenting the food security report about what can be and should be done. is baat pe mukhyamantri ji tak nahi keh pa rahe par Seema ji ne sara bera hai

Dhiraj Nayyar: What is the possible solution?

There is the market, the mandi system, FCI, etc.—there are several systems, not a one-point answer, it is a chain which has to be discussed.

Maneesh Chhibber: Whenever a government acquires land from farmers, it leads to a lot of hue and cry but in Haryana, the process has been smooth. The Government of India also wants other states to follow Haryana. Will you explain how you achieve it?

The land acquisition and rehabilitation policy formulated by Haryana is not there anywhere else in the world. Under this, when we acquire some land for development purposes, we give full compensation and annuity for 33 years, which means we have a fixed floor rate throughout the state, depending on proximity, etc. Rs 1,000 per acre per year is paid as annuity for 33 years and every year Rs 500 is added to it. In case the acquisition is for an SEZ, then annuity is Rs 30,000 per year for 33 years with an increase of Rs 1,000 annually. Suppose HSIIDC or HUDA acquires land, we re-habilitate the farmers. The policy takes care that the acquisition should benefit at least one generation ahead.

NP Singh: Is there any proposal to improve the pollution norms with regard to vehicles? Delhi continues to complain that it has no control on its pollution levels since vehicles entering from Haryana do not comply with pollution norms, whereas Delhi has controlled it with the introduction of CNG. Also, since your taxes are lower and Delhi has increased its registration by 10 per cent, it encourages registration of vehicles in Haryana and they are brought in unchecked into Delhi.

When there was no CNG in Delhi, we still had a lower fee. We have introduced CNG in the NCR region and have brought in low-floor CNG buses to ensure norms.

Maneesh Chhibber: Do you think there will be a solution to Chandigarh, between Haryana and Punjab?

These are three primary issues—water, territory and Capital. Haryana’s primary concern is its water, my focus will be on water. Punjab isn’t giving us our share.

Dhiraj Nayyar: The central government has been hesitant about big retail, specially FDI. Is that a possible solution to bridge the gaps between what farmers get and what consumers get?

That is one way, the PPP model, we can go for that. But we have to take care of the middlemen, we cannot take them out since they are also earning their livelihood. So every section has to be taken care of.

Shekhar Gupta: Have you heard anything from your farmers about nutrient-based subsidy?

The meeting has been called on June 7, wherein this will be discussed
 
HAU, Hisar has Soil testing & Ground water testing facilities : which gives a detailed report of
1. What kind of crops are best suited in such soil, to achieve high yeild factor.
2. soil nutrients contents (should be level & actual level) : to understand what all nutrients are lacking & what should be done..

and lot's more other things & recommendation,( i forgot now..)

I had it done for my fields ...some 10 years back..

But unfortunately it's little advertised & very few farmers are aware of it.
 
An article in Gurdian which reports an UN report about the importance of grains and increasing demands in next decade.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

World food prices to rise 40% over next decade.


Food prices are set to much as 40 per cent over the coming decade amid grow- ing demand from emerging markets and for biofuel pro- duction, according to a United Nations report on Tuesday which warns of rising hunger and food insecurity.
Farm commodity prices have fallen from their record peaks of two years ago but are set to pick up again and are unlikely to drop back to their average levels of the past decade, accord- ing to the annual joint report from Paris-based thinktank the OECD and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).

The forecasts are for wheat and coarse grain prices over the next 10 years to be between 15 per cent and 40 per cent high- er in real terms, once adjusted for inflation, than their average levels during the 1997-2006 peri- od, the decade before the price spike of 2007-08.

Real prices for vegetable oils are expected to be more than 40 per cent higher and dairy prices are projected to be between 16-45 per cent higher.

But rises in livestock prices are expected to be less marked, although world demand for meat is climbing faster than for other farm commodities on the back of rising wealth for some sections of the population in emerging economies.

Although the report sees pro- duction increasing to meet demand, it warns that recent price spikes and the economic crisis have contributed to a rise in hunger and food insecurity.

About 1 billion people are now estimated to be undernourished, it said. The report says that agri- cultural production and produc- tivity must be stepped up and it argues for a well-functioningtrad- ing system to ensure fair com- petition and that surplus food is getting to where it is needed.

It also painted a growing role for developing countries in both boosting demand and produc- tion. Brazil is by far the fastest growing agricultural producer, with output expected to rise by more than 40 per cent in the next decade and production growth is also expected to be well above 20 per cent in China, India, Russia and Ukraine. Another factor driving up food prices is the controversial bio- fuels industry. The report pre- dicts that continued expansion of biofuel output -- often to meet government targets -- will cre- ate additional demand for wheat, coarse grains, vegetable oils and sugar.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

It is a good opportunity for farmers of developing counteries to strengthen themselves againt rising demands of their goods.
 
Samarkadian said:
An article in Gurdian which reports an UN report about the importance of grains and increasing demands in next decade.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

World food prices to rise 40% over next decade.


Food prices are set to much as 40 per cent over the coming decade amid grow- ing demand from emerging markets and for biofuel pro- duction, according to a United Nations report on Tuesday which warns of rising hunger and food insecurity.
Farm commodity prices have fallen from their record peaks of two years ago but are set to pick up again and are unlikely to drop back to their average levels of the past decade, accord- ing to the annual joint report from Paris-based thinktank the OECD and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).

The forecasts are for wheat and coarse grain prices over the next 10 years to be between 15 per cent and 40 per cent high- er in real terms, once adjusted for inflation, than their average levels during the 1997-2006 peri- od, the decade before the price spike of 2007-08.

Real prices for vegetable oils are expected to be more than 40 per cent higher and dairy prices are projected to be between 16-45 per cent higher.

But rises in livestock prices are expected to be less marked, although world demand for meat is climbing faster than for other farm commodities on the back of rising wealth for some sections of the population in emerging economies.

Although the report sees pro- duction increasing to meet demand, it warns that recent price spikes and the economic crisis have contributed to a rise in hunger and food insecurity.

About 1 billion people are now estimated to be undernourished, it said. The report says that agri- cultural production and produc- tivity must be stepped up and it argues for a well-functioningtrad- ing system to ensure fair com- petition and that surplus food is getting to where it is needed.

It also painted a growing role for developing countries in both boosting demand and produc- tion. Brazil is by far the fastest growing agricultural producer, with output expected to rise by more than 40 per cent in the next decade and production growth is also expected to be well above 20 per cent in China, India, Russia and Ukraine. Another factor driving up food prices is the controversial bio- fuels industry. The report pre- dicts that continued expansion of biofuel output -- often to meet government targets -- will cre- ate additional demand for wheat, coarse grains, vegetable oils and sugar.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

It is a good opportunity for farmers of developing counteries to strengthen themselves againt rising demands of their goods.
Click to expand...
Farmara ne to Tractor bech ke car le li.

Govt. of Haryana is aquiring lands faster then ever and that too good agricultural lands A green belt of rohtak has already been converted into concrete and that too for no good. No bigger company has been setup in that area. I don't know why govt. is neglecting dry Bhiwani belt.
 
ssgoyat said:
HAU, Hisar has Soil testing & Ground water testing facilities : which gives a detailed report of
1. What kind of crops are best suited in such soil, to achieve high yeild factor.
2. soil nutrients contents (should be level & actual level) : to understand what all nutrients are lacking & what should be done..

and lot's more other things & recommendation,( i forgot now..)

I had it done for my fields ...some 10 years back..

But unfortunately it's little advertised & very few farmers are aware of it.
Click to expand...
Goyat Sahab isme bahut lafda hai HAU aala bola ghana khad ger diya jameen mein teen saal kime mat gero. Ek private aale pe check karwayee to bolya nitrogen maaro ar zink ki 5 kilo ki thaili kiski mana kiski na?
 
rakeshsehrawat said:
Farmara ne to Tractor bech ke car le li.
I don't know why govt. is neglecting dry Bhiwani belt.
Click to expand...

Far flung places like Bhiwani are not that suited for all businesses..Government needs to spend a significant amount of money into roads, infrastructure to help business growing in those areas..But again..Government does not have enough money in its coffers to support such development projects..most of major Government projects in Haryana are either funded by central government or by world bank..
 
atishmohan said:
Far flung places like Bhiwani are not that suited for all businesses..Government needs to spend a significant amount of money into roads, infrastructure to help business growing in those areas..But again..Government does not have enough money in its coffers to support such development projects..most of major Government projects in Haryana are either funded by central government or by world bank..
Click to expand...

Was Rohtak Well Connected ?Was there infrastructure in place?

Infact From Bhiwani you have option of connetcting to Manesar Bhiwadi and Dharuhera industrial aareas easily.It is same distance from Peeragaarhi to rohtak and Bhiwani to Manesar.

Baaki Sahi baat keh di Beggars are not Chooser.
 
I think, National highways are build and maintained by Center through its agencies. Center gets its own share of various taxes. State Govt propose and its approved by the cetral agency. It also depend what and where state govt purpose.
 
ssgoyat said:
HAU, Hisar has Soil testing & Ground water testing facilities : which gives a detailed report of
1. What kind of crops are best suited in such soil, to achieve high yeild factor.
2. soil nutrients contents (should be level & actual level) : to understand what all nutrients are lacking & what should be done..

and lot's more other things & recommendation,( i forgot now..)

I had it done for my fields ...some 10 years back..

But unfortunately it's little advertised & very few farmers are aware of it.
Click to expand...

You are absolutely right. I have similar experience of having water of two of our tube-wells tested a few years back.
 
rakeshsehrawat said:
Goyat Sahab isme bahut lafda hai HAU aala bola ghana khad ger diya jameen mein teen saal kime mat gero. Ek private aale pe check karwayee to bolya nitrogen maaro ar zink ki 5 kilo ki thaili kiski mana kiski na?
Click to expand...

bhai dono apni jageh (apne hisab me) theek keh sai
...
1. HAU will always (and should) promote Organic farming: (eg., manure for fertilizer and naturally-occurring substances for pest control and weed control)

2. Private wala, quick gain ke liye InOrganic farming promote karega: (chemical products as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.)....uska to dhandha paani se...usne ke matlab kisi ke khettan te...achchi yeild milegi short run me...but long term consequences bure hovenge..


agar aane wale 15-20 saal me jameen banjar nahi dekhna chahte to HAU ki suno...aur
aur agar "band-aid" solution chahiye samasya ka to pribate ale ki suno


apne dessi ke kaha karein " bhai pet to anaaj te e bharega".....din me kitne ho burger, patty,pizza latram -patram, pepsi-papsi khaa-pee le..... raat ne root paade bina kaam nahi challe..


punjaab ki jo durdasha ho rahi hai..aajkal akhbaar ki surkhiyon me hai...

* Punjab represents only 1.5 percent of India's geography but accounts for nearly a 20 percent share of its pesticide consumption

for details on consequences of organic farming in punjab visit: http://www.usnews.com/articles/news...xic-consequences-of-the-green-revolution.html
 
Last edited:
vipin80 said:
I think, National highways are build and maintained by Center through its agencies. Center gets its own share of various taxes. State Govt propose and its approved by the cetral agency. It also depend what and where state govt purpose.
Click to expand...

par vipin bhai, jab tak state govt. latthi nahi de le...ye NHAI (National Highway authority of India) ale kimme na karte..

Initial proposal & feasibilty study state govt. ka kaam hai.....ar tavla proposal pass karvaan ka damm hona chahiye state govt. me
 
You must log in or register to reply here.
Back
Top