Punia
Punia
(Puniya, Poonia, Pooniya, Ponia, Poniya, Pauniya, Paunia, Painiya, Painiya, Poonya, Poni, Paunya, Pona)
Location : Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
Country : India, Afghanistan
Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Punia (पूनिया)[1] Puniya(पूनिया)[2] Poonia (पूनिया)[3] Pooniya(पूनिया) Ponia (पोनिया) Poniya (पोनिया) Paunia(पौनिया) Painiya (पैनियाँ) Poonya (पून्या) Poni (पोनि) Paunya (पौनया) Paunia (पौनिया)[4]Paun (पौन/पौण)[5] [6] Paun (पौन)/Pona (पोन) [7] is a clan or gotra of Jats in Rajasthan,[8] Haryana, Delhi, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh in India. They are same as Paionia/ Panni/ Paionoi/Panya/Puni of Greek writers found in Afghanistan. Puni clan is found in Afghanistan.[9]Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia. [10]
Origin
- They are the descendants of Raja Paunbhadra (पौनभद्र) son of Virabhadra in the lineage of Puru.[11] Their epigraph has been found at Jagatgram near Chuhadpur in Dehradun district, which mentions king named Silavarman, alias Pona, of Yugasaila, who belonged to the Vrishagana gotra, performed four Asvamedha sacrifices here.[12][13][14]
- Thakur Deshraj considers them Nagavanshi derived from Ponia, a category of Nagas. [15]
- As per Hisar Gazetteer they are considered to be of Shiva or Shivi gotra. Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia. [16]
- They are known as Pune in Maharashtra.[17] In Gujarat they write Paun or Pooliya. There is need to research if any relation exists of Puniya clan with the city of Pune and Pauni, the ancient Buddhist city, in Bhandara district in Maharashtra.
- Bhim Singh Dahiya[18] writes that Herodotus mentions a people, Paeonia, a colony of Teucarians. [19] The paeonians were transferred from Hellespont to Asia, under the orders of Darius the Great (521-486 BC). Here we have the Pauniya and Tokhar Jats in Europe in sixth century BC.
Jat Gotras Namesake
- Punia = Paeonians (Anabasis by Arrian, p. 18, 43, 45, 93, 97, 154, 163, 165.)
- Paun (पौन) (Jat clan) = Paunar (पौनार). Paunar (पौनार) is a village in Amarwada tahsil in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh.
- Pauniya (पौनिया) (Jat clan) → Pauniya (पौनिया) is a village in Chaurai tahsil in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh.
- Pauniya (पौनिया) (Jat clan) → Pauni is a village Kirnapur tahsil in Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh.
- Pauniya (Jat clan) → Pauniya village in Bandhogarh tahsil, Umaria district, Madhya Pradesh.
Mention by Panini
Panya (पण्य) is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi. [20]
Panya (पण्य), Panitavya (पणितव्य) is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi. [21]
History
The genealogical table of Punia clan is provided by Pandit Amichandra Sharma [22] who writes that the ancestor of Punias was Bahada who occupied a large tract of Bikaner and founded Bahadamer Kot (Barmer). Later he moved to Jhansal. 12 sons of Bahad gave name to 12 Jat Gotras: 1 Punia, 2 Dhania, 3 Chhachharka, 4 Bali, 5 Barbara, 6 Sulakhan, 7 Chidiya, 8 Chandia, 9 Khokh, 10 Dhanaj, 11 Letar, 12 Kakarka The most numerous were Punias.
H.A. Rose[23] writes that The Jats of the south-east Punjab have two other divisions, 1. Shibgotra and 2. Kashib-gotra. The former are also called asl or real Jats and confess that their progenitor sprang from Shiva's matted hair and was so called jat bhadra. They have 12 gots, which are descended from the 12 sons of Barh, who conquered a large part of Bikaner. His descendants are chiefly sprung from Punia and they held the country round Jhansal. These 12 Gotras are: 1. Punia. 2. Dhanian. 3. Chhacharik. 4. Bali. 5. Barbra. 6. Solahan/Sulakhan. 7- Chiria. 8. Chandia. 9. Khokha. 10. Dhanaj. 11. Letar. 12. Kakar.
Ram Swarup Joon[24] writes about Ponya, Punia, Punya: This branch gotra of Puru is very big and old and is found among the Sikhs, Hindus and Mohammadans.
They are found in Bikaner, Luharu and district Hissar in large numbers.
They had their capital in Bikaner. The Ponya king drove out the Dahiya rulers of Jodhpur region.
They have about 100 villages in Rajgarh region. They are still found in large numbers in Dera Ghazi Khan and Bannu and there all of who are followers of Islam.
They have 100 villages in Tehsil in Dadri and about 10 in Aligarh. A few of them inhabit Rohtak also.
Ram Sarup Joon[25] writes that...about 70 Jat Gotras joined the Gujar force and started calling themselves Gujars. Punia is one of them.
Ram Sarup Joon[26] writes that The Johiya Raja, Sher Singh Johiya, whose capital was Rang Mahal, near Surat Garh, gave a tough resistance to the Rathores. He never admitted the suzerainty of the Rathores even though he had perforce to leave the Punia territory in Bikaner and retreat towards Hissar.
Bhim Singh Dahiya[27] writes about a Sandhu King named Punyadeva (739 A.D.) ....The ancient Greeks mentioned them (Sandhu) as Sindi (Sindicar of Herodotus) and placed them on the Basphorus. In Indian literature they are mentioned as Sindhu or Saindhava and are associated with Sauvira of the expression Sindhu-Sauvira. In Kurma Purana and Vishnu Purana, they are mentioned with the Hunas : "Sauvirah Saindhava Hunan". (सौवीरा सैंधवाहूणा:), as residents of Sakala, Sialkot. Panini mentions a Janapada (Republic) of the Sindhus between Jhelum and Indus rivers.[28] In Mahabharata war, they fought on the side of Kauravas.153 A copper plate inscription of Gujarat, Chalukiya Pulakesi Raja refers to Tajiks, i.e., Arabs who had defeated the Sandhus and other tribes in West India. Earlier, in 739 A.D., they had defeated the Arabs under their king Punyadeva. In 756 and 776 A.D., they twice repulsed the Arab naval attacks.
Bhim Singh Dahiya[29] mentions Rigvedic tribe: (27) Punya Jana : (AV VIII/8/15; XI/8/16). They are to be identified with Puniya clan of the Jats. They are the Paunika of Panini.
Bhim Singh Dahiya[30] writes ...Prabhakarvardhana, is not identified from her parent side but Yashomati's brother's son Bhandi, is mentioned by some writers as a foreigner. Hiuen Tsang records his name as Poni. "Some historians take Poni to be identical with Bhandi, while others take him to be a different person. Taken by itself, Poni suggests the Poniya clan of the Jats.
Jat historians opine that before coming to Rajasthan, they were in Central Asia and than they migrated to northern Indian Punjab region and at the time of Alexander invasion in Punjab in 326 B.C. they fought with Alexander The Great and than Punia along with Sihag,Godara,Saran,Beniwal and Johiya migrated to north Rajasthan region known as Jangladesh and ruled there till 15th century .
James Todd[31] writes that Jakhar, Asaich, Punia are all denominations of the Jat race, a few of whom preserve under these ancient subdivisions their old customs and religion ; but the greater part are among the converts to Islam, and retain the generic name, pronounced Zjat. Those enumerated are harmless and industrious, and are found both in the desert and valley.
Hukam Singh Pawar (Pauria)[32] states: The companion princes of Harshavardhana, i.e. Kumaragupta III and Madhavagupta belonged to the Mallava tribe (Malloi) and Bhandi was a Poni. Mahasenagupta, the mother of Prabhakarvardhana, the grand-mother of Harsha, was a princess of the Gupta (Dharana) lineage. King Grahavarman, husband of Rajyashri was a Maukhari. The Jats have among them the Kuntals, Mall or Malli; Poni or Punia or Paunyas, Dharanas as well as Mukharis or Mokharias. This does not seem to be a mere coincidence.
Hukam Singh Pawar (Pauria) [33] writes that in all probability the Punia or Pauniyas belong to the followers of Pani leader Bribu. It is possible that a branch of Pani or Puni migrated from Sapta Sindhu to south India where they were known as Pani [34] or Paunika [35], identified [36], [37], [38] with the Punaka-Visaya of Talegaon inscription i.e. modern Poona or Pune, which may be their earlier settlement. The Punaiyyas or Panayyas of the South also betray their ancestry from the Panis. While Sivis, Mallavas etc. migrated from the Indus Valley after Alexander’s invasion to Rajasthan where they still survive in the Sivis, Shivranas, Mall or Malli Jats, the Punia or Pauniya Jats of Rajasthan, are likely to be the descendants [39] of the Panis, who were deprived of their wealth [40] by their brethren Aryan opponents, and were compelled [41] to settle down in their new home from the valley much earlier. The Punias were allowed by Aryans to remain in their Indian home in return for liberal donations by Bribu [42], [43], [44] to the Aryans (the Bharatas) for which he was held in high esteem by them where as the rest of Panis, who refused to donate likewise, were chased [45], [46] to the western lands. Babylonia, known as Brbyru to the Vedic Indians, is said to be the city of Bribu, (a wealthy leader of the Panis), by Weber, (Kalyanaramana, 1969, 112). It is interesting to note that the leaders of Panis who migrated [47], [48] to America in the pre-Aztec times from India, are depicted as robust, standing erect with folded hands, having Rajasthani features, with their head adorned with Marwari pagrees. [49]
The Harsha Charita of Bana/Chapter VI mentions ....Kumarasena, the Paunika prince, younger brother to Pradyota, having an infatuation for stories about selling human flesh, was slain at the feast of Mahakala by the vampireTalajangha.
Thakur Deshraj[50] writes that The philosophy of their origin from the locks of Shiva indicates that they belong to the Naga race. Shivi and Taxak were neighbourers. After the attack of Alexander the Shivi and Taxak people moved down Panjab and occupied Jangladesh. Punia Gotra Jats were one of them to occupy parts of Jangladesh, that corresponds to the former princely state of Bikaner. They reached here in early period of christian era and ruled till 15th century when Rathores occupied the Jangladesh.
Thakur Deshraj[51] writes that Rathores under the leadership of Bika and Kandal were spreading their rule in Jangladesh. At that time Punia Jat were ruling six states and about 300 villages. The extent of rule of Punias spread from Jhansal, which was their capital, to Marod. Marod town is situated at a distance of about 40 kms from present Rajgarh town in Rajasthan. Godara Jats had aligned with Rathores due to which Punias faced a defeat and moved to Uttar Pradesh. Punias had strongly retaliated and were able to kill Rathore Raja Rai Singh.
James Tod[52] writes that Beeka, the founder of Rathore supremacy in Bikaner, died in S. 1551 (1495 AD). Kalyan Singh succeeded in S. 1603. He had three sons, 1, Rai Singh; 2. Ram Singh ; and 3. Prithvi Singh. Rai Singh succeeded in S. 1630 (a.d. 1573). Until this reign, the Jats had, in a great degree, preserved their ancient privileges. Ram Singh, at the same time, completely subjugated the Johyas, who, always troublesome, had recently attempted to regain their ancient independence. With the loss of independence their military spirit decayed, and they sunk into mere tillers of the earth.
Subjugation of Punias: James Tod[53] writes that Ram Singh Rathore, having destroyed the power of future resistance in the Johyas, turned his arms against the Puniya Jats, the last who preserved their ancient liberty. They were vanquished, and the Rajpoots were inducted into their most valuable possessions. But the conqueror paid the penalty of his life for the glory of colonising the lands of the Puniyas. He was slain in their expiring effort to shake off the yoke of the stranger ; and though the Ramsingotes add to the numerical strength, and enlarge the territory of the heirs of Beeka, they, like the Kandulotes, little increase the power of the state, to which their obedience is nominal. Sidhmukh and Sankhoo are the two chief places of the Ramsingotes. Thus, with the subjugation of the Puniyas, the political annihilation of the six Jat cantons of the desert was accomplished.
Silavarman, alias Pona (=Paunia) king in Dehradun
Bhim Singh Dahiya[54] writes: The people called Paunikas (Paunas) are mentioned in Vayu Purana. They were ruling near Jagadhari on the Yamuna river and their epigraph has been found at Jagatgram near Chuhadpur in Dehradun district. [55]
Archaeological Survey of India tells that Jagatgram ancient site was excavated by, ASI between the year 1952 - 54. Excavations revealed remains of three fire alters and other associated material include inscribed bricks. These fire alter known as Syena chiti in form of flying Eagle shaped belongs Ashvamedha sacrifices perform by their authors. Sanskrit inscriptions in the late third century AD Brahmi characters on bricks used in one of the three Jagatgram altars inform that the king Silavarman, alias Pona, of Yugasaila, who belonged to the Vrishagana gotra, performed four Asvamedha sacrifices here. Obviously during the third century AD at least western part of Central Himalaya was known as Yugasiala. In Pan Indian context such altars are extremely rare. [56]
Vrisha (वृष) is one of the name of Shiva mentioned in Aswamedha Parva, Mahabharata/Book 14 Chapter 8 verse (XIV.8.19)[57]
Dinesh Prasad Saklani[58] writes that ....We have evidences to show the architectural knowledge of the early historic people in the form of sacrificial structure, the remains of which are in the shape of bricks of recognizable measurements at Jagatgram. The second site from the same place brought out a number of inscribed bricks. The third site yielded the relics of another structure related to horse sacrifice in the shape of bricks. Those bricks are arranged in triangular, oblong and squire plans for building an eagle-shaped altar. The bricks have different names to distinguish them.
The paleographical study also assigns the inscribed bricks a date of about 3rd-4th century. Ramchandran attributed that site to the Yaudheya dynasty, to which according to him, the King Silavarman might have belonged. p.163
Dinesh Prasad Saklani[59] writes that ....Another hypothesis has been forwarded else where that the King Silavarman probably belonged to Singhapura, mentioned in the Lakhamandala prasati.
Dinesh Prasad Saklani[60] writes that the Khasas, Kunindas and Yaudheyas etc had a democratic republican form of political system in ancient times.
Archaeological Survey of India[61] places Silavarman as a post-Kushan and pre-Gupta king, i.e., between A.D. 250 and 300.
Omacanda Hāṇḍā[62] states that the burnt brick yjnashala platform made of inscribed burnt brick at Jagatigram near Kalsi, a little away on the left bank of Yamuna assigned to the 3rd century AD, also indicates that this place remained a capital centre of a kingdom under Shilavarman.
Nothing can be stated as regards to Shilavarman, a Buddhist monk, who wrote the story of spread of Buddhism in Tibet. We can not say that Shilavarman is same as the Kamalashila, but neither can we deny it. [63]
Connection with Paeonia of Greece
Bhim Singh Dahiya[64] writes that Herodotus mentions a people, Paeonia, a colony of Teucarians. [65] The paeonians were transferred from Hellespont to Asia, under the orders of Darius the Great (521-486 BC). Here we have the Pauniya and Tokhar Jats in Europe in sixth century BC.
Bhim Singh Dahiya[66] writes that the in the period from ninth century B.C. to the fourth century B.C., roughly the time between the Manda and Van empires and Alexander's invasion, we find numerous tribes of the Jats finding a name in the history of Herodotus and others. Among the tribes of the Medians, we find:
- Busae (the present Bassi)
- the Budii, (the present Bodhi or Budhwar),
- the Phut of the scriptures;
- the Magi (the famous Magian priests).
- The Sagartians may be compared with the Sagarvars;
- the Alarodians may be compared with the Alarod or Aroda of today;
- the Sapiri may be compared with the Sapra of today;
- the Hyrcanias may be compared with the Varkans or Virks of today;
- the Paeonia may be compare with the Paunia/Punia of today;
- the Sarangians may be compare with the Saran of today;
- the Utians with the Utars of today or the Utiya of the Persians.
The ruling people are called Arizanti or Arizatoi. The word Ari is a form of Arya and Zanti/Zatoi are of course the Jats, the Djati of ancient Egypt and the Guti of Sumer and China.
Table of Jat republics in Jangladesh
Dr Karni Singh, a well known political personality and author, records that Jats had established powerful governments in north India. Prior to 1488 Jats had seven Janapadas of Godara, Saran, Sihag, Beniwal, Puniya, Sahu, Johiya in desert region of Bikaner. Following are the main clans and their heads with capital and number of villages in each territory. [67], [68]
S.No. | Name of janapada | Name of chieftain | No. of villages | Capital | Names of districts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Punia | Kanha Punia | 300 | Jhansal[69]/Luddi[70] | Bhadra, Ajitpura, Sidhmukh, Rajgarh, Dadrewa, Sankhoo |
2. | Beniwal | Raisal Beniwal | 150 | Raisalana | Bhukarkho, Sanduri, Manoharpur, Kooi, Bae |
3. | Johiya | Sher Singh Johiya | 600 | Bhurupal | Jaitpur, Kumana, Mahajan, Peepasar, Udasar |
4. | Sihag | Chokha Singh Sihag | 150 | Suin/Pallu | Rawatsar, Biramsar, Dandusar, Gandaisi |
5. | Saharan | Pula Saran | 300 | Bhadang | Khejra, Phog, Buchawas, Sui, Bandhnau, Sirsala |
6. | Godara | Pandu Godara | 700 | Shekhsar | Shekhsar, Pundrasar, Gusainsar Bada, Gharsisar, Garibdesar, Rungaysar, Kalu |
It is thus clear that out of 2670 villages in the Jangladesh, 2200 villages were under the rule of Jats. Each canton bore the name of the community, and was subdivided into districts.
Villages founded by Punia clan
- Ajeetpura Bhadra (अजीतपुरा) - village in Bhadra tehsil of Hanumangarh district in Rajasthan. One of districts in rule of Puniyas.
- Beeslan - Founded by Bala Dev Punia (See Heera Ka Bas)
- Bhagela Churu - Bhargu Raj Punia founded Bhagela (See Heera Ka Bas)
- Dhandhal Lekhoo - Lakshi Punia was from Dhandhal and his descendants founded seven villages in Rajgarh, Churu, including Dhandhal Lekhoo.
- Dhandhal Shera - Lakshi Punia was from Dhandhal and his descendants founded seven villages in Rajgarh, Churu, including Dhandhal Shera.
- Dhandhal Taal - Lakshi Punia was from Dhandhal and his descendants founded seven villages in Rajgarh, Churu, including Dhandhal Lekhoo.
- Dhani Poonia (ढाणी पूनियां) - village in Taranagar tehsil of Churu district in Rajasthan.
- Dhani Pooniyan (ढाणी पूनियां) - village in Fatehpur tahsil in Sikar district of Rajasthan.
- Gudan (Churu) was founded by Gana Ram Punia in year 1499.
- Gulpura - Lakshi Punia was from Dhandhal and his descendants founded seven villages in Rajgarh, Churu, including Gulpura, Narwasi.
- Gwalisar (ग्वालीसर) - Village in Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan. Narsingh Poonia founded the village Gawalisar on Khairi Tibba in 1812 AD.
- Hamirwas: There were two Punia brothers: Kalu and Hamira. Kalu Punia founded Kalri village and Hamira Punia founded Hamirwas.
- Harpuniyon Wala (हरपुनियों वाला) - village in Chohtan Tahsil of Barmer district in Rajasthan.
- Heera Ka Bas - Hira Ram Punia founded village Heera Ka Bas in 1847 AD. (See Heera Ka Bas)
- Jhansal (झांसल) - village in Bhadra tehsil of Hanumangarh district in Rajasthan.
- Kalri:There were two Punia brothers: Kalu and Hamira. Kalu Punia founded Kalri village and Hamira Punia founded Hamirwas.
- Kotra - Raja Kotra Punia founded city called Kotra on Baisakh Sudi 11 V.S. 901 (=844 AD) and constructed Fort at Kotra in Sheo tahsil of Barmer, Rajasthan.
- Ludi (लूद्दी) - Village in Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan. This village was converted to Rajgarh by Jagirdars in name of Gaj Singh in 1766.
- Lutana - Lalchand Punia Founded Lutana in Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan. (See Heera Ka Bas)
- Mandrooponiyon Ki Dhani (मंद्रूपूणियों की ढ़ाणी) - village in district Barmer in Rajasthan.
- Marodha (मरोदा) - village in Jhunjhunu tahsil & district in Rajasthan. It was one of districts in Punia rule.
- Mithi Redu - Lakshi Punia was from Dhandhal and his descendants founded seven villages in Rajgarh, Churu, including Mithi Redu.
- Narwasi - Lakshi Punia was from Dhandhal and his descendants founded seven villages in Rajgarh, Churu, including Narwasi.
- Paharsar - village in Rajgarh, Churu, Rajasthan was founded by Gyana Ram Punia after his grandfather named Paharu Ram Punia.
- Rajgarh was founded by Punia gotra Jats.[71]
- Ragha Mathooi was Founded by Moth Raj Punia. (See Heera Ka Bas)
- Pabasi (पाबासी) - Village in Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan was founded by Poonia Jats who came here from Malkhera.
- Ponnani (पोन्नानी) - a town and Taluk in Malappuram District, in the state of Kerala, India.
- Poonya ki Dhani
- Puniya Ka Bas (पुनिया का बास) - village in Jhunjhunu tahsil in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan.
- Pooniyan Ka Bas (पूनियां का बास) - village in Laxmangarh tahsil in Sikar district of Rajasthan.
- Pooniyon Ki Pyau (पूनियों की प्याऊ) - village in Jodhpur district in Rajasthan.
- Pooniyon Ka Tala (पूनियों का तला) or Puniya Tala (पूनिया तला) villages in Barmer district in Rajasthan. There are following villages of this name:
- Pooniyon Ka Tala (tahsil - Gudha Malani)
- Pooniyon Ka Tala (tahsil - Ramsar)
- Pooniyon Ka Tala (tahsil - Baytoo)
- Poonani (पूनाणी) - village in Laxmangarh tahsil in Sikar district of Rajasthan.
- Pooniyon Ki Basti (पूनियों की बस्ती) - Village in Barmer tahsil of Barmer district in Rajasthan.
- Pooniyon Ki Beri (पूनियों की बेरी) - Village in Baytoo tahsil of Barmer district in Rajasthan.
- Pooniyon Ki Beri (पूनियों की बेरी) - Village in Gudha Malani tahsil of Barmer district in Rajasthan.
- Pooniya Kheri (पूनिया खेड़ी) - is a village in district Chittorgarh in Rajasthan.
- Sankhu (सांखू) is a town of historical importance located in Churu district of Rajasthan. Founded by Poonia Jats. It was one of their districts.
- Poonya ki Dhani (पून्या की ढाणी) - village in Phagi tahsil in Jaipur district in Rajasthan.
- Poonya Khera (पूनया खेड़ा) - village in district Jhalawar in Rajasthan.
- Punya Kheri (पुनया खेड़ी) - village in district Jhalawar in Rajasthan.
- Puniyas (पूनियास) - village in Degana tehsil of Nagaur district in Rajasthan.
- Punia Ka Bas (पुनिया का बास) - village in Sikar district in Rajasthan.
- Puniawas (पूनियावास) - (Punia ka Bas) village in Sikar district of Rajasthan
- Punyana (पून्याणा) - village in Danta Ramgarh tahsil in Sikar district of Rajasthan.
- Kumas कुमास - village in Mandawa tahsil in Jhunjhunu District of Rajasthan.
- Than Mathooi - Founded by Moth Raj Punia
Migration of Punia's
Traditionally Jats consider their origin from the far northwest and claimed ancient Garh Gajni (modern day area between Ghajni, Afghanistan to Rawalpindi, Pakistan) as their original abode.[72] Persian chronicler Firishta strengthened this view and informs us that Jats were originally living near the river of the Koh-i-Jud (Salt Range) in northwest Punjab.[73] The Jats then occupied the Indus valley and settled themselves on both the banks of the Indus River.
By the fourth century region of Multan was under their control.[74] Then they rose to the sovereign power and their ruler Jit Salindra, who promoted the renown of his race, started the Jat colonisation in Punjab and fortified the town Salpur/Sorpur, near Multan.[75]By the end of seventh century, Jats were thickly populated in Deybal region.[76]Their main population was settled in the lower Sindh.The Chachnama stratified these large population of Jats, as 'the western Jats' (Jatan-i-Gharbi) and 'the eastern Jats' (Jatan-i-Sharqi), [77] living on the eastern and western side of the Indus River. The chronicler s further classified them as 'The Jats living on the banks of the rivers (Lab-i-Daryayi) [78] and the Jats living in plain, desert (Jatan-i-Dashti); and 'the rustic Jats' (rusta'i Jat) living in villages.[79]As Jataki, the peculiar dialect of the Jats, also proves that the Jats must have come from the NW Punjab and from other districts (e.g. Multan) dependent upon the great country of the Five rivers.[80]
By the end of fifth and the beginning of the sixth century, Punia's and Jat's southward migration, second in line, took place and they reached Kota in Rajasthan, probably via Bikaner regions. From Kota they migrated further east and established their rule at Malwa under the rule of Salichandra, son of Vira Chandra. Salichandra erected a minster (mindra) on banks of the river Taveli in Malwa.[81] Probably after their defeat by Sultan Mahmud in 1027 AD, and later hard pressed by the Ghaznavi Turkish Commander, the Jats of Sind again migrated to Rajasthan and settled themselves in Bundi regions.[82] The second inscription found at Bundi probably dates from circa samvat 1191 (1135 AD) possibly refers to the Jats as opponents of the Parmara rulers of Rajasthan.[83]
When Muhammad bin Qasim attacked Dahlilah, a fortified town in between Roar and Brahmanabad, most of the inhabitants (the Jats) had abandoned the place and migrated to Rajasthan via desert and took shelter in the country of Siru (modern Sirohi distict) which was then ruled by King Deva Raj, a cousin of Rai Dahir.[84]
However, the third migration took place in early eighth century, Sihag,Godara,Saran, Punia's and Jats of lower Sind migrated to Rajasthan, probably via Barmer regions to Bikaner, Ganganagar and Hanumangarh. By the twelfth century, the Jats settled in western Punjab, as the native poet Abul Farj Runi mentions them along with the Afghans.[85] Meanwhile, they also extended their abode in the eastern part of the Punjab (now Haryana to Sirsa and Hisar), as in the end of the twelfth century they resisted Qutb-ud-din Aybak in the region of Hansi.[86]
Thakur Deshraj writes on Punias
- Following is the English translation of History of Punias mentioned by Thakur Deshraj pages 617 and 618 from the Book Jat Itihas (History of the Jats), 1992 edition: Publisher: Maharaja Surajmal Smarak Shiksah Sanstha, C-4 Janak Puri, New Delhi 110058.
"The Puniyas are Naga clans, and Punia is derived from Naga. The Hissar Gazetteer says that they consider themselves to be of the Shiva Gotr (clan) and there is reference to them being descended from Mahadev (Shiva)’s locks. Shivi and Takshak people lived contagiously- side by side. These two evolved into being followers of Shaivism.
Following the invasion by Sikandar(Alexander) some of the Shivi and Takshak clans came down below Punjab. Some out of these established their hold on Jangal Pradesh. The Puniyas too arose of such Jat groups who established their hold on a country and utilized for a very long time. They reached Jangal Pradesh by the time of commencement of the Christian era , current era. They governed this land upto the 15th century CE.
At the time of the arrival of the group of the Rathors under Bika and Kaandal, the Punia Sardars or chieftains had 300 villages under their sway. They had been independent from many generations. In addition they had six other republics of the Jats in Jangal Pradesh.
Ram Ratan Charan in his “History of Rajputana” in Hindi, refers to these six realms as ‘Bhumiyachare” i.e. republics. Reference to these republics is also found in 'Bharat ke Desi Rajya’, 'Tarikh Raajgahn Hind’ , ‘Vakaye Rajputana’, and many other history books. We(Thakur Deshraj) have written our account on the basis of these historical Texts.
At that time, the capital was Jhansal, which is on the boundary of modern Hissar. Ram Ratan Charan calls this capital as Luddhi in his book.
Their Raja was Kanhadev at that time. Kanhadev was a great leader and a fearless warrior who could never be defeated. His Punia clan brethren followed his wishes. Republics are defeated by internal dissent. His Puniya society had unity. He did not have a large standing military force, but he had no shortage of young warriors, who lived at home, and who rose to arms as soon as the call came from their leader. Every Puniya citizen considered the whole republic as of his own. They were ready to bear all hardships. They however would not tolerate a person from another community to rule over them. Their mental makeup made them refuse to accept rule by Bika. They kept fighting for their independence as long as they had young men who could come to the force. The Rahtors managed to take control of their homesteads one at a time. In the end the Rahtors constructed forts in the middle of their lands. The Rahtors would make these forts in the day, and in the night the Puniyas would break them down. The folk traditions state that some Puniyas were buried alive in the walls of some of these forts.
After much struggle the Puniyas were defeated. Some of them then migrated towards the United Provinces (modern Uttar Pradesh). The Rahtors had a big army, the Godara Jats also gave them their assistance. That is why the Puniyas lost.
It was , however, a matter of pride, that seeking to protect their Independence, they never showed cowardice. Rivers of blood were flowed by them. In revenge for the ill treatment of the leaders by the enemy, they defeated and took prisoner and killed the Rathor King Rai Singh. Reference to this act of revenge by the Puniyas is found in the book – ‘Bharat ke Desi Rajya’ (Eng- Indigenous Kingdoms of India).
The republic of the Puniyas spread from Jhansal (on the boundary of Modern Hissar, to Marod. Marod is 12 kos south of Rajgarh. The folk legends tell us, that one Sadhu told a Puniya leader, that whatever land he could cover on a mare, that will be governed by the Puniyas. The Mare was let loose and at Sunset , she reached Marod and died. At that time the Puniyas Sardar (chieftain) said:
- “The journey from Jhansal ended at Marodh. The mare died but no regret.”
Traces of the old capital of the Puniyas, Jhansal where there was their fort, can still be found. Such traces are also still found in Balsamand.
The Rathor Raja would pay an annual fee to some of the Puniya chieftains to keep them peaceful and quiet. Even until recent times, there was a tradition of receiving clothing and some money from Raja annually by these Puniya leaders as a tribute."
पूनिया गोत्र की वंशावली
महादेव → 1. वीरभद्र (400 ई.पू. ?) → 2. पौनभद्र (375 ई.पू. ?)(पवनभद्र अथवा पवनपाल: पुणे में पवन नदी और पवन झील नाम दिया) → 3. हरपाल → 4. महिपाल → 5. बलधज → 6. नरेपाल → 7. अवधत → 8. खोखर → 9. बैरीसाल → 10. कामधज (कमधज) → 11. आसलकरण → 12. नगराज → 13. शेषबल → 14. अरब → 15. द्युतगर → 16. सोनक (Sonaka = thera, Dasaka's disciple, - son of a caravan-guide of Kasi, Mahavansa/Chapter 5) →
17. कुंभ (Kumbha) (0 ई.) = (Kumbha mentioned in Panini:4.2.75, 4.2.80.12-13; Mahabharata (I.59.19)) → 18. शिरोपाल → 19. सांभल → 20. चंदकरण → 21. जलधण → 22. शीशकरण → 23. ध्रुव (धरुराजा) → 24. लीलोतर → 25. तिलकधन →
26. धनसर (225 ई.?) (धनसरा नाम का एक गाँव गुजरात के पाटन जिले में प्राचीन स्थान वायड़ से 5 किमी दूर है. वायड़, बाहड़पुर और राड़द्रह का उल्लेख जैन स्त्रोत 'तीर्थमाला चैत्यवंदन' में हुआ है- 'वंदे सत्यपुर च बाहडपुरे राडद्रहे वायडे'. वायड़ (AS, p.840) अथवा बायड़ गुजरात का एक प्राचीन तीर्थ स्थान था. बाहड़पुर (AS, p.626) जिला भावनगर, काठियावाड़, गुजरात में स्थित है। यह शत्रुंजय पहाड़ी के निकट जैन धर्म के मानने वालों का प्राचीन तीर्थ स्थान है. बाहड़पुर की स्थापना गुजरात नरेश कुमारपाल के मंत्री वाग्भट्ट ने की थी. राड़द्रह (AS, p.785): इसका प्राचीन साहित्य में लाटह्रद नाम भी प्राप्त है. इसका अभिज्ञान गुढा मालानी, बाडमेर से किया गया है. 1209 विक्रम संवत के एक अभिलेख में इस स्थान को गुजरात नरेश कुमारपाल के सामंत राजा अल्हणदेव की जागीर के अंतर्गत बताया गया है.) →
27. रायपाल → 28. अरमल → 29. भरधुनी → 30. देहकरण → 31. अरणोध → 32. मैनपाल → 33. कंगधज →
34. सिंहपाल (सींघपाल) (450 ई.?) - सिंहपाल संभवत: सिंहपुर के शासक रहे हैं जो बौद्ध राज्य था और 631 ई. में ह्वेन त्सांग ने यहाँ की यात्रा की थी. अलेक्ज़ैंडर कन्निघम[87] ने सिंहपुर की पहचान कटास से की है. कटास / कटासराज (AS, p.126) पाकिस्तान पंजाब के चकवाल जिले में खेवड़ा से तेरह मील दूर है.
→
35. तख (तक्ष राजा) (475 ई.?) - See Inscriptions about Jats by Col Tod - Inscription No I: Kanswa Inscription of Maharaja Shalinder of year 409 AD - James Tod mentions in its Note 4 about the Fortress of Takha. This castle of the Takha is the stronghold of Shalapuri (=Sialkot located in the Punjab province of Pakistan) and James Tod has mentioned that Taksha and Jats are one race. →
36. संदेपाल (संदेहपाल) → 37. अज → 38. रममोहर → 39. चेहड़मल → 40.चांचल → 41. गोहलू →
42. सुंदरपाल (संद्रपाल) (Sandrana is a Muslim Jat clan found in Pakistan) →
43. छत्रपाल → 44. पतधज → 45. मघसाल → 46. जनेपाल → 47. अणुतपाल → 48. विजेचंद →
49. कोटड़सी (818 ई.?) - Kotera (कोटड़ा) is a site of ancient ruined fort. The village of Kotera is situated at the end of a long wooded spur, which juts out upon the Jhelum river just one mile below Dilawar. Situated near Jalalpur Sharif town located in Jhelum, in Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil in Jhelum District, Punjab province, Pakistan. →
50. कर्ण राजा (कर्क राजा) - 900 विक्रम संवत (=843 ई.) में यह कर्ण नाम का राजा महाराष्ट्र में राज्य करता था. Karka Raja (812 AD) was a king of Lateshvara - a historical region located in the southern part of the present-day Gujarat state of India. →
51. कैटड़ राजा (कोटड़ा राजा) - कर्ण राजा की मृत्यु के बाद उसका पुत्र कैटड़ उर्फ़ कोटड़ा गद्दी पर बैठा जिसने अपने नाम का एक नगर कैटड़ उर्फ़ कोटड़ा बसाया तथा एक वर्ष बाद इस नगर को राजधानी बना लिया. राजा कैटड़ अथवा कोटड़ ने वैशाख सुदी ग्यारस 901 विक्रम संवत (=844 ई.) में कैटड़ अथवा कोटड़ा नगर बसाया तथा कोटड़ा के किले का निर्माण किया. यह किला (कोटड़ा गांव, शिव तहसील जिला बाड़मेर) में स्थित है. किले में पानी पीने के लिए सरगला नामक कुंआ है. दुर्ग में कुल 8 बुर्ज़ हैं. वर्तमान में यह दुर्ग बिल्कुल जर्जर हो चुका है व नष्ट होने के कगार पर है.
कटास / कटासराज (AS, p.126) पाकिस्तान के पंजाब, खेवड़ा से तेरह मील दूर है. कटास एक अथाह कुंड है जो तीर्थ रूप में मान्य था. कहा जाता है गुरु गोरखनाथ ने भी कुछ दिन रहकर कटास में आराधना की थी. कटास का संस्कृत नाम कटाक्ष कहा जाता है. राजतरंगिनी[88] में पंडित कल्हण ने इसका नाम कैट्ट लिखा है तथा यहाँ के राजा का नाम राजवादाना बलहारा लिखा है. संभवत: कैट्ट को ही स्थानीय प्राकृत भाषा में कैटड़ राजा बोला गया हो. →
52. परारिख/परारिक (विक्रम संवत 933 = 876 ई. में सावन सुदी 9 के दिन राज्यारोहण) (परारीक = संस्कृत भाषा का शब्द है जिसका अर्थ है - Leek लीक = गन्दना). Parariya (पारारिया) एक जाट गोत्र है. →
53. धरारिख/धरारिक (विक्रम संवत 1005 = 948 ई. भादवा सुदी 2 को राज्यारोहण). Dhararia (धरारिया) एक जाट गोत्र है. →
54. नाडलरिख/ नाडलरिक (विक्रम संवत 1031 =974 ई. में राज्यारोहण, इसकी रानी नामदे तोमर थी). Nadalai (नादलाई), राज, (AS, p.491). Narlai (नाड़लाई) (Nadlai) is a village in Desuri Tahsil of Pali district in Rajasthan. It was associated with Jainism at least from 10th century. Its ancient name Nadduladagika (नड़ड़ूलड़ागिका), Naddulai (नड़ड़ूलाई), Nandakulavati, Naradapuri etc. There are two principal temples of Neminatha and Adinatha. [89] →
55. अजलवह (अजलवट) (विक्रम संवत 1045 = 988 ई. में राज्यारोहण) →
56. पाटोदरिख/पाटोदरिक (विक्रम संवत 1065 = 1008 ई. में मंगसर बदी 6 को राज्यारोहण) - Patodiya (पाटोदिया) एक जाट गोत्र है. →
57. जाटसरिख/जाटसरिक - Jatasara (जटासरा) एक जाट गोत्र है. →
58. सनहिरिख/सनहिरिक - Sanahar (सनाहर) एक जाट गोत्र है. →
59. नंदराम → 60. मोहरखी (महीराव) →
61. शलेना (सुलेमान) - Shale (शाले) एक जाट गोत्र है. पाकिस्तान के बलोचिस्तान प्रान्त में स्थित क्वेटा शहर का प्राचीन नाम स्यालकोट है. →
62. नंदमहररिख →
नोट - ऊपर ब्रेकेट में '?' अंकित वर्ष वस्तुत: अभिलेखों के अनुसार ज्ञात वर्ष से 25 वर्ष प्रति पीढ़ी से परिगणित किया गया है.
63. राजा अतगर उर्फ़ उतंगर (विक्रम संवत 1172 (=1115 ई.) में राज्यारोहण) - उतगर की रानी सोमवती से 4 पुत्र हुए- 1. बाढ़देव 2. मेर 3. झगड़ 4. जगदेव: अतगर, उतगर अथवा उतंगर नाम हिंदी भाषा का नहीं है परन्तु अन्य भाषाओँ में Atgar (Anglo-Saxon) = A kind of spear or lance formerly in use. Utgår (Swedish) = present tense of utgå.
उतगर का सम्बन्ध संभवत: महाराष्ट्र के लातूर जिले में स्थित ऐतिहासिक स्थान उदगिर से भी हो सकता है जहाँ 12वीं सदी का एक ऐतिहासिक किला स्थित है. लटूर (AS, p.812) अथवा लट्टलूर ज़िला उस्मानाबाद (वर्तमान लातूर जिला) , महाराष्ट्र का ऐतिहासिक स्थान है. यह दक्षिण भारत के प्रसिद्ध राष्ट्रकूट वंश का मूल निवास स्थान है. राज शक्ति प्राप्त होने पर राजा गोविन्द तृतीय ने मण्यखेट (मलखेड़) को अपनी राजधानी बनाया था. [90]
→
64. बाढ़देव - राजा बाढ़ कर्ण उर्फ़ कर्क की 15वीं पीढ़ी है. बाढ़देव का जन्म विक्रम संवत 1154 = 1097 ई. कार्तिक सुदी पूर्णिमा को शिवनगर शिव कोटडा, गुजरात में हुआ. दूसरे मत के अनुसार इनका जन्म विक्रम संवत 1154 = 1097 ई. कार्तिक सुदी पूर्णिमा को पुणे महाराष्ट्र में हुआ. बाढ, मेर, झगड़ और जगदेव शिवनगर शिव कोटडा, गुजरात से चलकर बाड़मेर पहुंचे. बाढ़देव ने विक्रम संवत 1184 (1127 ई.) में आसाढ़ सुदी 9 को बाड़मेर की स्थापना की और राजगद्दी पर बैठा, बाढ़देव ने बाड़मेर में 22 कुए 52 बुर्ज तथा 5 मंदिर बनवाए जिनमें शिव-मंदिर, कृष्ण-मंदिर, आददेवी-मंदिर, हनुमान-मंदिर, शनि-मंदिर सम्मिलित हैं.
बाढ़ के 12 पुत्र हुए- 1. पूनम (जन्म: विक्रमी संवत 1235 = 1178 ई.) 2. गोखर 3. धान्धरिक अथवा छाछरेक 4. सुलखन 5. मनमोड या मनमोड़ा 6. अडवाल 7. इहिर 8. खोख अथवा खोखकर 9. लेंतर 10. काकरेल उर्फ़ काकरिक 11. गोलू उर्फ़ गोयल 12. बोखर उर्फ़ बीखर
बाढ़ के 3 पुत्री हुई - 1. धानिया 2. चिड़िया 3. चांदिया
बाढ़ ने विक्रमी संवत 1184 (1127 ई.) में बाड़मेर बसाया तथा विक्रमी संवत 1230 (1173 ई.) में बाड़मेर छोड़ा. फिर बाढ़देव ने विक्रमी संवत 1245 (1188 ई.) में झांसल की स्थापना की.
दोहा - बाढ़ सरिखा चौधरी झांसल बरगा कोट, सात पट्टी सत्ताईस माझरा बसें बाढ़ की ओट.
बाढ़ के पुत्र पूनम विक्रमी संवत 1235 (1178 ई.) में पैदा हुए जो बाढ़ के बाद राजा बने. पूनम ने झांसल के आसपास बहुत गाँव बसाये. इसीलिए उस भाग को 'पूनिया इलाका' अथवा पूनियावाटी कहते हैं.
पूनम के पुत्र भेल और लादू हुए.
भेल के पुत्र हुए अलनसी उर्फ़ अलसी हुए जो राजा बने. अलनसी के बाद क्रमशः राजा बने → सींवर उर्फ़ सांवरा → सैंसो उर्फ़ सैंसर → बिट्ठू → तिल्लू
बिट्ठू - विक्रम संवत 1305 (1248 ई.) में बिट्ठू ने 58 वर्ष बाद गोठा गांव आबाद किया जिसकी स्थापना पहले विक्रम संवत 1247 (1190 ई.) में बाढ़ ने की थी परन्तु गोठा गाँव उजड़ गया था. गोठा से 48 गांव बसे.
बिट्ठू के दो पुत्र हुए 1. तिल्लू राम उर्फ तुलाराम और 2. कोजाराम
तिल्लू राम के पुत्र हुए सहडू राम. सहडू राम → भोलाराम उर्फ़ भोलू → दूजवान → दूधाराम → मद्दाराम (मद्दाराम ने मदाऊ गांव बसाया).
मद्दाराम के पुत्र हुए दुल्हाराम. दुल्हाराम ने विक्रमी संवत 1499 (1442 ई.) वैशाख सुदी अक्षय तृतीया पर लुद्धि बड़ी गांव को आबाद किया जो बाद में पूनियों की राजधानी बनी.
कोजाराम के पुत्र हुये जलाऊराम और उनके पुत्र हुए मग्गाराम उर्फ़ मघाराम. मघाराम ने मघाऊ (राजगढ़, चुरू) गाँव विक्रम संवत 1375 (1318 ई.) में बसाया.
दुल्हाराम के पुत्र हुए बुक्कन और अमरा हुए. अमरा के 11 बेटे थे. अमरा ने गांव रानीला बसाया. उसके बेटों ने अलग-अलग 11 गांव बसाए. अमरा के 12 गांव थे:
1. जख - जख के पुत्र सोजी ने बूंगी गाँव बसाया. सोजी के 50 गांव बाहर जाकर आबाद हो गए.
2. लाखन - लाखन ने लाखलान गाँव बसाया.
3. गोधू - गोधू ने मिट्ठी गाँव बसाया.
4. चहड़ - चहड़ ने जूंगली गाँव बसाया.
5. गुलचा - गुलचा ने नांगल गाँव बसाया
6. खेमा - खेमा ने खेमाणा गाँव बसाया.
7. शायर - शायर ने दूसरा नांगल गांव बसाया.
8. भटोड़ - भटोड़ ने भटोड़ गांव बसाया.
9. मोडाराम - मोडाराम मोड़ावासी गांव बसाया.
10. किसना - किसना ने किशनपुरा गांव बसाया.
11. करवा - करवा ने करावली गांव बसाया.
लुद्धि की पीढ़ी - दुल्हाराम का वंश - दुल्हाराम → बुक्कन (+अमरा) → थायल → दुलहम → उदाराम → साहब राम (सायब) → संगता → विकमसी → दयालम → सेखू → आसाराम → खेमा → हेमराज
खेमा का नानका पातवान गांव में था. लाखलान जाटों की सास और बहू की लड़ाई में सास ने ताना मारा था - जा खेमा के चली जा. वह खेमा की पहली पत्नी बनी.
हेमराज - खेमा का पुत्र हेमराज अंतिम शासक था. उसके अधीन 360 गांव थे. जिसे विक्रम संवत 1822 (1765 ई.) में गढ़ की नींव में चिन दिया. उस समय रायसिंह राठौड़ राजा था.
बाढ़ से हेमराज तक वंशावली इस प्रकार है:
64. बाढ़देव (जन्म: 1097 ई., 1127 ई. में बाड़मेर बसाया, 1130 ई. में बाड़मेर छोड़ा, 1188 ई. में झांसल की स्थापना की) → 65. पूनम (जन्म: 1178 ई.) → 66. भेल → 67. अलनसी → 68. सींवर उर्फ़ सांवरा → 69. सैंसो उर्फ़ सैंसर → 70. बिट्ठू → 71. तिल्लू → 72. सहडूराम → 73. भोलाराम उर्फ़ भोलू → 74. दूजवान → 75. दूधाराम → 76. मद्दाराम (मद्दाराम ने मदाऊ गांव बसाया) → 77. दुल्हाराम (1442 ई. वैशाख सुदी अक्षय तृतीया पर लुद्धि बड़ी गांव को आबाद किया जो बाद में पूनियों की राजधानी बनी) → 78. बुक्कन (+अमरा) → 79. थायल → 80. दुलहम → 81. उदाराम → 82. साहब राम (सायब) → 83. संगता → 84. विकमसी → 85. दयालम → 86. सेखू → 87. आसाराम → 88. खेमा → 89. हेमराज (अंतिम पुनिया शासक, जिसे 1765 ई. में रायसिंह राठौड़ द्वारा गढ़ की नींव में चिन दिया)
पूनिया वंशावली पंडित अमीचन्द्र शर्मा द्वारा
पंडित अमीचन्द्र शर्मा[91] ने लिखा है - रियासत बीकानेर में पूनिया गोत्र के कई गाँव हैं। इनके बड़े का नाम बाहड़ था। उसने अपने प्राक्रम से बीकानेर रियासत का बहुत सा देश अपने वश में कर लिया था। उसने बाड़मेर कोट नाम का गाँव बसाया। जब उसकी संतान बढ़ गई तो वहां से चलकर झांसल ग्राम बसाया जो बीकानेर रियासत में है। उसके 12 पुत्र हुये – 1 पुनिया, 2 धानिया, 3 छाछरेक, 4 बाली, 5 बरबरा, 6 सुलखन, 7 चिड़िया, 8 चांदिया, 9 खोख, 10 धनाज, 11 लेतर, 12 ककरके
इनके नाम पर जाटों के 12 गोत्र शुरू हुये। सबसे बड़ा पूनिया था उसने झांसल के आसपास बहुत गाँव बसाये। इसीलिए उस भाग को पूनिया इलाका कहते हैं।
[p.42]: आईने अकबरी में इलाका पूनिया प्रथक लिखा है। बाहड़ का पुत्र पूनिया था। जिससे पूनिया गोत्र चला। पूनिया जाट अपने आपको शिव गोत्री बताते हैं। दूसरे जाटों को कश्यप गोत्री बताते हैं। लेखक ने यह विवरण सरकारी किताब से लिखा है जो जिला हिसार के पुराने बंदोबस्त में जिला हिसार के सब जातियों के वर्णन में दिया है।
पंडित अमीचन्द्र शर्मा[92] ने लिखा है - जिला हिसार में सीसर नामक एक गाँव है। इसमें डबास गोत्री जाटों के बहुत से घर हैं। डबास जाट चौहान संघ से अलग हुये। चौहान संघ मुख्यरूप से जाट गोत्रों का संघ था। पृथ्वीराज चौहान की एक रानी पूनिया गोत्र की थी। पूनिया गोत्र की रानी से 2 पुत्र हुये 1. डबास 2. दहिया डबास से डबास जाट गोत्र शुरू हुआ और दहिया से दहिया गोत्र। यह विवरण सीसर के चौधरी फतेह सिंह ने लिखवाया।
नोट- लेखक पंडित अमीचन्द्र शर्मा ने अन्य गोत्रों में लिखा है कि अमुख राजपूत ने जाटनी से शादी करली इसलिए वह जाट हो गया और उससे अमुख जाट गोत्र निकला तो यहाँ पृथ्वीराज चौहान भी जाट ही कहलाना चाहिए?[93]
ठठावता के पूनिया गोत्र की वंशावली
ठठावता, चुरू, राजस्थान के पूनिया गोत्र की वंशावली:
पूनिया गोत्र की निम्न वंशावली बड़वा श्याम लाल पोस्ट सुशील, गाँव ढाढोता, परबतसर, नागौर, मो: 9983444019 द्वारा लेखक को दिनांक 11.11.2017 को ठठावता में लिखवाई।
पूनिया शिव वंशी कश्यप क्षत्रिय हैं। माता – कालका और रक्षक – भैरू
भाटी वंशावली में मनु के पुत्र संत कुमार हुये जिनके पुत्र सतन कुमार हुये। सतन कुमार के पुत्र ननन्द कुमार हुये जिनके दो पुत्र हुये। 1. पूरणपाल, 2. निपूर्ण। पूरणपाल ने पूरणसर गाँव बसाया।
पूरणपाल से 108 पीढ़ी बाद आदिराज़ हुये। जिनके पुत्र जुगादिराज़ जिनके पुत्र बर्मादिराज़ हुये। इनकी बहन जोरा बाई थी जिनका विवाह भरतपुर के सिनसिनवार परिवार में हुआ।
अज (?) से बरमादिराज़ और उनसे 36 पीढ़ी बाद कश्यप हुये जो कासी के राजा थे। उनके जैसल पैदा हुये जिनहोने जैसलमर बसाया। जैसल के दो पुत्र हुये 1. संभाजी और 2 कीचलजी
कीचलजी ने कीचलकोट बसाया।
संभाजी के पुत्र जसपाल बाहड़ हुये जिनहोने बाड़मेर बसाया। बाहड़ जी ने यहाँ ताल खुदवाया, कुवा खुदवाया और कालका मंदिर बनवाया। बाहड़ जी ने यह गाँव छोड दिया और माता कालका की मूर्ति लेकर रवाना हुये। एक स्थान पर पट्टी जाल के पेड़ के नीचे गिर गई। यहीं पर कालका की मूर्ति स्थापित की और बसाल खेड़ा गाँव बसाया। पूनिया पट्टी की स्थापना यहीं से हुई। यह प्रण लिया गया कि -
- 1. कोई पूनिया झूठ नहीं बोलेगा,
- 2. जाल के पेड़ की लकड़ी नहीं जलाएंगे,
- 3. गाय और ब्राह्मण की रक्षा करेंगे,
- 4. कभी पट्टी पर स्नान नहीं करेंगे।
पूनिया लोगों ने 12 गाँव बसाये: 1. झांसल, 2. मरोदा, 3. मोरखान, 4. सांखू, 4. भैसली, 5. झेरली, 6. मोड़ा, 7. छाबड़ी, 8. छानी, 9. जिनाऊ, 10. जिणु, 11. राजगढ़, 12 ?
राजू ने राजगढ़ बसाया। वहाँ 1000 बीघा गोचर भूमि छोड़ी।
राजगढ़ से हरलाल राजपुर आया। वहाँ से बादूसर और फिर 'ढाणी लांबा' (थेथलिया) फिर शेखीसर आए । हरलाल के परिवार में खमाण बाबा हुये जिनकी शादी खेमी बाई गोत्र तिलोटिया गाँव चूंडेला के साथ हुई। इनके पुत्र हुये 1. पेमाजी और 2. सुखाजी
पेमाजी के पुत्र हेमाजी की शादी हरकू बाई गोदारा नवलगढ़ के साथ हुई। इनके परसाराम और खेताराम दो पुत्र हुये।
खेताराम की शादी खेमीबाई बागडवा गाँव दाऊसर के साथ हुई। खेता राम ठठावता गाँव आए।
ठठावता गाँव आगमन: ठठावता के पूनिया सीकर जिले के गाँव राजपुर से आकर पहले बादुसर में बसे। बाद में वे शेखीसर आए और वहाँ से आकार कुछ समय 'लांबा की ढ़ानी' (थेथलिया) में बसे। हेमा पूनिया संवत 1960 (1903 ई.) में ठठावता आकर बसे। राजपुर में उनकी कुलदेवी कालका माता का मंदिर है। ठठावता के पूनिया गोत्र की वंशावली दिनांक 24 अगस्त 2015 को ग्राम ठठावता में लेखक को श्री फूलचंद पूनिया (मो: 9982477176) ने उपलब्ध कराई, जो निम्नानुसार है -
हेमा पुनिया के दो पुत्र हुये – 1. खेता, और 2. परसा
खेता पूनिया के चार पुत्र हुये – 1. पीथा, 2. चेतन, 3. नानक, और 4. मोती। दो पुत्रियाँ थी: 1. जससा बाई और 2. नोपा बाई
1. पीथा पूनिया के 4 पुत्र हुये – 1. बिरदा, 2. आशा, 3. दुल्ला, और 4. मूला
1.1 बिरदा पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. टोडा, और 2. धन्ना
- 1. टोडा पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. रामलाल और 2. पोखर
- रामलाल पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. महीपाल और 2. मनोज
- महीपाल पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. राहुल
- मनोज पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. सोनू
- पोखर पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. अमिचन्द और 2. मनीराम
- अमिचन्द पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. निर्मल
- मनीराम पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. निखिल और 2. हितेश
- 2. धन्ना पूनिया के 4 पुत्र हुये – 1. श्रीचंद 2. फूलचंद 3. तुलछा और 4. भागीरथ
- श्रीचंद पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. विकास
- फूलचंद पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. हरिराम
- हरि राम पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. नितिन
- तुलछा पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. परमेसर और 2. मनीराम
- भागीरथ पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. सुमित और 2. अमित
- 1.2 आशा पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. हरलाल
- हरलाल पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. रणजीत
- रणजीत पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. अशोक और 2. सुनील
- 1.3 दुल्ला पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. नारायण
- नारायण पूनिया के 3 पुत्र हुये – 1. गोपाल, 2. शिवलाल, और 3. श्रवण
- गोपाल पूनिया के 4 पुत्र हुये – 1. ओमा, 2. इंद्र, 3. सुरेन्द्र, और 4. हरिराम
- शिवलाल पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. नरेंद्र
- श्रवण पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. रोनक
- 1.4 मूला पूनिया के 5 पुत्र हुये – 1. जगू, 2. शिशपाल, 3. गोरू, 4. सुल्तान, 5. नेमिचन्द
- 1.जगू पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. विजेंद्र और 2. सुभाष
- विजेंद्र पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. कपिल
- सुभाष पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. कुलेन्द्र
- 2. शिशपाल पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. राजू और 2. प्यारेलाल
- राजू पूनिया के पुत्र हुये – ?
- प्यारेलाल पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. कृष्ण
- 3. गोरू पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. नवीन
- 4. सुल्तान पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. भागीरथ और 2. गंगाराम
- भागीरथ पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. विष्णु
- 5. नेमिचन्द पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. श्रीराम और 2. कालू
2. चेतन पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. काना और 2. देवा
2.1 काना पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. दूदा और 2. लादू
- 1. दूदा पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. बृजलाल
- बृजलाल पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. रामोतार और 2. मनोज
- रामोतार पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. संदीप
- मनोज पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. प्रिंस
- 2. लादू पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. राजू
- राजू पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये - 1. दिनेश
चेतन पूनिया के दूसरे पुत्र देवा ठठावता से खेड़ी दतूजला (खेड़ी डूकिया) गाँव जाकर बस गए। उनके तीन पुत्र हुये 1. लेखु 2. रामेश्वर और 3. रुघा
3. नानग पूनिया ठठावता से भोजदेसर चले गए उनके 4 पुत्र हुये – 1. जेता, 2. पन्ना, 3. गणेश, और 4. गुमाना
- 1. जेता पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. डालू
- डालू पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. सुरजा
- 2. पन्ना पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. खंगा और 2. माना
- खंगा पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. तुलछा और 2. बलदेवा
- माना पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. भँवरा और 2. रणजीत
- 3. गणेश पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. मेघा और 2. भूरा
- मेघा पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. लक्ष्मण और 2. जगू
- भूरा पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. लादू
4. मोती पूनिया के 4 पुत्र हुये – 1. मूला, 2. गाड़ू, 3. देदू, और 4. ईश्वर
4.1 मूला पूनिया के 4 पुत्र हुये – 1. तेजा, 2. चंद्रा, 3. अमरा, और 4. सुरजा
- 1. तेजा पूनिया के 3 पुत्र हुये – 1. रेवंत 2. मोहन और 3. भँवरा
- 2. चंद्रा पूनिया के 5 पुत्र हुये – 1. भागीरथ, 2. किशन, 3. लक्ष्मण, 4. बीरबल, और 5. ओम
- 3. अमरा पूनिया के 3 पुत्र हुये – 1. हणमान 2. बजरंग और 3. नौरंग
- 4. सुरजा पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. गंगाधर
4.2 गाड़ू पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. रामू
- रामू पूनिया के 3 पुत्र हुये – 1. लक्ष्मण, 2. पुरुषोत्तम, और 3. गिरधारी
4.3 देदा पूनिया के 3 पुत्र हुये – 1. माना 2. दाना और 3. चूना
- 1. माना पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. भँवरा और 2. लाला
- 2. दाना पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. जगदीश
- जगदीश पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. विवेक
- 3. चूना पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. मदन और 2. नरेंद्र
4.4 ईश्वर पूनिया के 4 पुत्र हुये – 1.खींवा, 2. जमना, 3. मल्लू और 4. परमेसर
- 1. खीवा पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. फूला और 2. ताराचंद
- 2. जमना पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. सोहन और 2. रतन
- 3. मल्लू पूनिया के 4 पुत्र हुये – 1. केशर 2. श्रवण और 3. शिवलाल और 4. महेंद्र
- 4. परमेसर पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. सांवरा और 2. संदीप
हेमा पुनिया के दूसरे पुत्र परसा का वंश विस्तार बहुत सीमित हुआ।
2. परसा पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. जीवन
- जीवन पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. डूँगा और 2. महाला
- डूंगा पूनिया के कोई पुत्र नहीं हुये – उनके केवल तीन पुत्रियाँ पैदा हुई।
- महाला पूनिया के 3 पुत्र हुये – 1. खूमा 2. सांवरा और 3. महेश
- खूमा पूनिया के 2 पुत्र हुये – 1. रतन और 2. मुकेश
- सांवरा पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. संजय
- महेश पूनिया के 1 पुत्र हुये – 1. वीरेंद्र
मतलोडा के पूनिया की वंशावली
मतलोडा, हिसार, हरयाणा के पूनिया की वंशावली इस प्रकार है: रामकुवर ने 1781 विक्रम संवत में गांव मतलोडा बसाय. रामकुंवर के पुत्र हुए - १. किरपा २. बिलेंद्र और ३. ज्यूणा उर्फ़ जीवन सिंह.
जीवन सिंह के पुत्र हुए - १. पीरा २. रामचंद्र ३. भागमल ४. रूपराम ५. जोतराम
पीरा के पुत्र हुए - १. भोपत २. गुरदयाल ३. मत्ता
मत्ता के पुत्र हुए - १. हरजस २. मोहर सिंह
हरजस के पुत्र हुए १. कान्हा २. सुल्तान सिंह
सुल्तान सिंह के पुत्र हुए - १. धर्म सिंह २. श्रीचंद ३. शोभाचंद
श्रीचंद के पुत्र हुए - १. चंद्रमुखी (पुत्री:मुख्याध्यापिका) २. प्रताप सिंह (साहित्यकार) ३. चंद्रहास (प्रधानाचार्य) ४. यशपाल (प्रोफेसर) ५. महिपाल आर्य (इतिहासकार)
महिपाल आर्य के हुए - १. सोनिया (पुत्री) २. रीना रानी (पुत्री) ३. मोनिका (पुत्री) और आदित्य (पुत्र)
स्रोत - महिपाल आर्य (इतिहासकार) (Mob: 94161 77041)
हीरा का बास के पूनिया गोत्र की वंशावली
हीरा का बास, राजगढ़, चूरु, राजस्थान के पूनिया गोत्र की वंशावली श्री राजपाल सिंह (हीरा का बास) द्वारा उपलब्ध कराई गयी है
1. बाढ़देव (जन्म: 1097 ई., 1127 ई. में बाड़मेर बसाया, 1130 ई. में बाड़मेर छोड़ा, 1188 ई. में झांसल की स्थापना की) → 2. पुनम देव (जन्म: 1178 ई.) → 3. बलराज → 4. सांवल राज → 5. भरगू राज (भगेला गाँव बसाया) → 6. आसल राज (ढंढाल गाँव बसाया) → 7. लालचंद (लुटाना गाँव बसाया) → 8. गुगन राज (गोगना गाँव बसाया) → 9. कान्हा देव (कान्हा देव ने झांसल छोड़कर लूद्दी को राजधानी बनाया) → 10. बाला देव (बिसलाण गाँव बसाया 1847 ई.) → 11. झाड़ू राज → 12. चन्दा राज → 13. मोठ राज - (राघा मठूई और थान मठुई गाँव बसाया) → 14. सहज राज → 15. राजा राज → 16. राणा राज → 17. सहसमल राज → 18. बालण राज → 19. भरथा राम → 20. टोडरमल → 21. गंगा राम → 22. बिहारी राम → 23. परसा राम → 24. लाला राम → 25. तुलसी राम → 26. हिरा राम (हीरा का बास गाँव बसाया 1748 ई.) → 27. लिछू राम → 28. देवकरण → 29. नन्द राम → 30. राजपाल सिंह → 31. संदीप कुमार (पुत्र) → 32. विनीत नारायण (पोत्र)
पूनिया खाप
45. पूनिया खाप - इस खाप के करीब 360 गांव राजस्थान प्रांत के बाड़मेर, चूरु और श्रीगंगानगर जनपदों में बसे हुए हैं. इस खाप में पूनिया गोत्र के जाटों का बाहुल्य है. इसके अतिरिक्त इस खाप में 100 गांव राजगढ़ के पास, 150 गांव भिवानी में, 94 गांव अलीगढ़ में, 10 गांव मेरठ में, 2 गांव मुरादाबाद में, 9 गांव जालंधर में शामिल हैं. वर्तमान में अखिल भारतवर्षीय युवा जाट सभा के महासचिव श्री विजय पूनिया इसी खाप के हैं.[94]
जाट इतिहास:ठाकुर देशराज
ठाकुर देशराज[95] लिखते हैं....पोनिया : इस कुल के जाट राजस्थान और सूबाहिन्द दोनों ही प्रान्तों में पाए जाते हैं। ये बहुत पुराने जाट हैं। मि० कुक साहब साहब ने लिखा है - पोनियां सर्पों की एक किस्म है तब अवश्य ही यह नागवंशी हैं और संभव है नागौर इन्हीं के किसी सरदार ने बसाया हो। राजनैतिक समानता के कारण इनका दल जट (संघ) में शामिल हो गया होगा। बीकानेर की भूमि पर इनका अन्तिम पंचायती राज्य था। इसमें भी सन्देह नहीं किया जा सकता है कि यह तक्षक शाखा के लोग हों। कर्नल टॉड ने आवा, तक्षक और जाट तीनों के पूर्व-पुरुष महात्मा इन्दु को माना है। हमें ताखू जाटों का भी पता चला है जो कि बिल्कुल तक्षक शब्द का अपभ्रंश है। ब्रज में ताखा एक गांव है, यहां के लोग कहते हैं, महाभारत का तक्षक यहीं रहता था। एक बस्ती नाग लोगों की मथुरा के पास कालीदह में भी थी।
- 1. महा परिनिष्वान सुत (बौद्ध-ग्रन्थ) 6-31 देखो। अथवा मौर्य साम्राज्य का इतिहास पे० 108
जाट इतिहास:ठाकुर देशराज,पृष्ठान्त-149
राजपूताने में हमें नागा, नागिल आदि कुल जाटों में मिलते हैं। यह निश्चय ही नागवंशी हैं जो अराजकता के भावों के मिटने पर अरट्ट प्रथा के बजाय ज्ञातिवादी (जाट) हो गये थे।
पूनिया गोत्र की उत्पत्ति एवं इतिहास: दलीपसिंह अहलावत
दलीपसिंह अहलावत[96] ने लिखा है...शिवजी महाराज का राज्य कैलाश पर्वत से काशी तक जिसमें शिवालक (शिवजी की जटायें - राज्य की जटायें) पहाड़ी क्षेत्र और हरद्वार शामिल थे।
उसी समय पुरुवंशी राजा वीरभद्र हरद्वार के निकट तलखापुर का राजा था। यह क्षेत्र भी शिव की जटा कहलाता था। राजा वीरभद्र शिवजी का अनुयायी था। शिवजी महाराज को जब सती के मरने का समाचार मिला तो वे राजा वीरभद्र के दरबार में पहुंचे और क्रोध में आकर उसके सामने अपनी जटा खसोट डाली और वीरभद्र को, दोषी राजा दक्ष को दण्ड देने का आदेश दिया। राजा वीरभद्र ने अपनी सेना तथा गणों को लेकर कनखल पर चढाई कर दी और दक्ष को मार दिया। आज भी उस महान् योद्धा वीरभद्र के उस स्थान पर, उसके नाम का एक रेलवे स्टेशन वीरभद्र है जो हरद्वार से ऋषिकेश को जाने वाली रेलवे लाइन पर ऋषिकेश से दो मील पहले है। इस वीरभद्र नाम के स्थान पर भारत सरकार ने दवाइयां बनाने का एक बड़ा कारखाना स्थापित कर रखा है। राजा वीरभद्र का राज्य वह स्थान था, जहां पर गंगा नदी पहाड़ों से उतरकर मैदानी क्षेत्र में बहने लगती है । पुराणों की कथानुसार गंगा का निकास शिव की जटाओं से है। इसका अर्थ भी साफ है कि शिवजी के राज्य की जटाओं या पहाड़ियों से सम्राट् भगीरथ खोदकर इस गंगा को लाया था और वह पहाड़ियों से बहती हुई हरद्वार में आकर मैदान में बहने लगती है। लगे हाथों जाटगंगा का वर्णन करना उचित है जो इस प्रकार से है –
भैरों घाटी जो कि गंगोत्री से 6 मील नीचे को है, यहां पर ऊपर पहाड़ों से भागीरथी गंगा उत्तर-पूर्व की ओर से और नीलगंगा ([[Jat Ganga|जाटगंगा]) उत्तर पश्चिम की ओर से आकर दोनों मिलती हैं। इन दोनों के मिलाप के बीच के शुष्क स्थान को ही भैरों घाटी कहते हैं। जाटगंगा के दाहिने किनारे को 'लंका' कहते हैं। इस जाटगंगा का पानी इतना शुद्ध है कि इसमें रेत का कोई अणु नहीं है। भागीरथी का पानी मिट्टी वाला है। दोनों के मिलाप के बाद भी दोनों के पानी बहुत दूर तक अलग-अलग दिखाई देते हैं। जाटगंगा का पानी साफ व नीला है इसलिए इसको नीलगंगा कहते हैं। महात्माओं और साधुओं का कहना है कि भागीरथी गंगा तो सम्राट् भगीरथ ने खोदकर निकाली थी और इस नीलगंगा को जाट खोदकर लाये थे इसलिए इसका नाम जाटगंगा है। इसके उत्तरी भाग पर जाट रहते हैं। इस कारण भी इसको जाटगंगा कहते हैं। इस जाट बस्ती को, चीन के युद्ध के समय, भारत सरकार ने, वहां से उठाकर सेना डाल दी और जाटों को, हरसल गांव के पास, भूमि के
जाट वीरों का इतिहास: दलीप सिंह अहलावत, पृष्ठान्त-103
बदले भूमि देकर आबाद किया। जाटों ने यहां गंगा के किनारे अपना गांव बसाया जिसका नाम बघौरी रखा। यह गांव गंगा के किनारे-किनारे लगभग 300 मीटर तक बसा हुआ है जिसमें लगभग 250 घर हैं। लोग बिल्कुल आर्य नस्ल के हैं। स्त्री-पुरुष और बच्चे बहुत सुन्दर हैं। ये लोग बौद्ध धर्म को मानते हैं। इनके गांव में बौद्ध मन्दिर है। ये लोग भेड़ बकरियां पालते हैं। और तिब्बत से ऊन का व्यापार करते हैं। ये अपने घरों में ऊनी कपड़े बुनते हैं।1
- नोट - हरसल गांव दोनों गंगाओं के मिलाप से लगभग 7 मील नीचे को गंगा के दाहिने किनारे पर है। बघौरी गांव हरसल से लगा हुआ है2।
जटाओं से उत्पन्न हुए वीरभद्र आदि गणों को जाट मान लेने की कथा के अन्दर जो ऐतिहासिक तत्त्व छिपा हुआ है, वह यह है –
चन्द्रवंशी सम्राट ययाति के पुत्र अनु की 9वीं पीढी में राजा उशीनर जिसके कई पुत्रों में एक का नाम शिवि था (देखो प्रथम अध्याय, अनु की वंशावली)। इसी प्रसिद्ध दानी सम्राट् शिवि से शिविवंश प्रचलित हुआ जो कि जाटवंश (गोत्र) है। इस चन्द्रवंशी शिवि जाटवंश का विस्तार से वर्णन तृतीय अध्याय में लिखा जायेगा।
पुरुवंशी राजा वीरभद्र जाट राजा था जिसके शिविवंशी गण (संघ) शिव की जटा (शिवालक पहाड़ियों) में थे। इसकी राजधानी हरद्वार के निकट तलखापुर थी। शिवपुराण में लिखा है कि वीरभद्र की संतान से बड़े-बड़े जाट गोत्र प्रचलित हुए
वीरभद्र की वंशावली राणा धौलपुर जाट नरेश के राजवंश इतिहास से ली गई है जो निम्नलिखित हैं।
राजा वीरभद्र के 5 पुत्र और 2 पौत्रों से जो जाटवंश चले (जाट इतिहास पृ० 83 लेखक लेफ्टिनेंट रामसरूप जून) -
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(1) पौनभद्र (पौनिया या पूनिया गोत्र) (2) कल्हनभद्र (कल्हन गोत्र) (3) अतिसुरभद्र (अंजना गोत्र) (4) जखभद्र (जाखड़ गोत्र) (5) ब्रह्मभद्र (भिमरौलिया गोत्र) (6) दहीभद्र (दहिया गोत्र)
- 1, 2. उत्तराखण्ड हिमालय के प्रसिद्ध योगी संसार की योग संस्थान के अध्यक्ष श्री योगेश्वरानन्द जी महाराज (ब्रह्मचारी व्यासदेव जी) के शिष्य ब्रह्मचारी सदाराम योगाचार्य ग्राम लोहारहेड़ी जिला रोहतक (हरयाणा) ने यह वर्णन मुझे मौखिक बताया। वह वहां पर काफी समय तक रहकर आये हैं। (लेखक)
जाट वीरों का इतिहास: दलीप सिंह अहलावत, पृष्ठान्त-104
- पौनभद्र के नाम से पौनिया (पूनिया) गोत्र चला। यह जाट गोत्र हरयाणा, राजस्थान, बृज, उत्तरप्रदेश, पंजाब तथा पाकिस्तान में फैला हुआ है।
- कल्हनभद्र के नाम से कल्हन जाट गोत्र प्रचलित हुआ। इस गोत्र के जाट काठियावाड़ एवं गुजरात में हैं।
- अतिसुरभद्र के नाम से अंजना जाट गोत्र प्रचलित हुआ। ये लोग मालवा, मेवाड़ और पाकिस्तान में हैं।
- जखभद्र के नाम से जाखड़ जाट गोत्र चला। ये लोग हरयाणा, राजस्थान, पंजाब, कश्मीर और पाकिस्तान में फैले हुए हैं।
- ब्रह्मभद्र के नाम से भिमरौलिया जाट गोत्र चला। जाट राणा धौलपुर इसी गोत्र के थे। धौलपुर की राजवंशावली में वीरभद्र से लेकर धौलपुर के नरेशों तक सब राजाओं के नाम लिखे हुए हैं। इस जाट गोत्र के लोग हरयाणा, हरद्वार क्षेत्र, पंजाब, जम्मू-कश्मीर और पाकिस्तान में हैं।
- दहीभद्र से दहिया जाट गोत्र प्रचलित हुआ। दहिया जाट हरयाणा, उत्तरप्रदेश, राजस्थान, पंजाब तथा मध्य एशिया में फैले हुए हैं।
- नोट - ऊपरलिखित नामों पर, चन्द्रवंशी क्षत्रिय आर्यों के संघ से ये जाट गोत्र प्रचलित हुए।
जाट इतिहास:ठाकुर देशराज
ठाकुर देशराज लिखते हैं कि पोनियां सर्पों की एक नस्ल होती है। इस नाम से जान पड़ता है कि यह नागवंशी हैं। ‘हिसार गजिटियर’ में लिखा हुआ है कि - “ये अपने को शिव गोत्री मानते हैं, साथ ही महादेव की जटाओं से निकलने का भी जिक्र करते हैं।” शिव और तक्षक लोग पड़ौसी थे। साथ ही दोनों ही समुदाय आगे चलकर शैव मतानुयायी भी हो गए थे। इसलिए उनका निकट सम्बन्ध है। सिकन्दर के आक्रमण के पश्चात् शिवोई (शिवी) और तक्षक वंशी लोग पंजाब से नीचे उतर आए थे। उनमें से ही कुछ लोगों ने जांगल-प्रदेश को अधिकार में कर एक लम्बे अर्से तक उसका उपयोग किया था। जांगल-प्रदेश में ईशा के आरम्भिक काल में पहुंच गए थे। उन्होंने इस भूमि पर पन्द्रहवीं शताब्दी के काल तक राज्य किया है। जिन दिनों राठौरों का दल बीका और कान्दल के संचालन में जांगल-प्रदेश में पहुंचा था, उस समय पोनियां सरदारों के अधिकार में 300 गांव थे। वे कई पीढ़ी पहले से स्वतंत्रता का उपभोग करते चले आ रहे थे। उन्हीं के छः राज्य जाटों के जांगल-प्रदेश में और भी थे। रामरत्न चारण ने ‘राजपूताने के इतिहास’ में इन राज्यों को भौमियाचारे राज्य लिखा है। इन राज्यों का वर्णन ‘भारत के देशी राज्य’ ‘तारीख राजगान हिन्द’ ‘वाकए-राजपूताना’ आदि कई इतिहासों में है। हमने भी प्रायः सारा वर्णन उन्हीं इतिहासों के आधार पर लिखा है। उस समय इनकी राजधानी झांसल थी जो कि हिसार जिले की सीमा पर है। रामरत्न चारण ने अपने इतिहास में इनकी राजधानी लुद्धि नामक नगर में बतायी है। उस समय इनका राजा कान्हादेव था। कान्हादेव स्वाभिमानी और कभी न हारने वाला योद्धा था। उसके अन्य पूनियां भाई भी उसकी आज्ञा में थे। गणराज्यों को फूट नष्ट करती है। उसके पोनियां समाज में एकता थी। प्रति़क्षण उपस्थित रहने वाली सेना तो कान्हदेव के पास अधिक न थी, किन्तु उसके पास उन नवयुवक सैनिकों की कमी नहीं थी, जो अपने-अपने घर पर रहते थे और जब भी कान्हदेव की आज्ञा उनके पास पहुंचती थी, बड़ी प्रसन्नता से जत्थे के जत्थे उसकी सेवा में हाजिर हो जाते थे। प्रत्येक पोनियां अपने राज्य को अपना समझता था। वे सब कुछ बर्दाश्त करने को तैयार थे। किन्तु यह उनके लिए असह्य था कि अपने ऊपर अन्य जाति का मनुष्य शासन करता। ऐसी उनकी मनोवृत्ति थी जिसके कारण उन्होंने बीका
जाट इतिहास:ठाकुर देशराज,पृष्ठान्त-617
की अधीनता को स्पष्ट रूप से अस्वीकार कर दिया था। वे अपनी स्वाधीनता बनाए रखने के लिए उस समय तक लड़ते रहे जब तक कि उनके समूह के अन्दर नौजवानों की संख्या काफी रही। उनके स्थानों पर राठौर अधिकार कर लेते थे। अन्त में राठौरों ने उनके दमन के लिए उनके बीच में गढ़ को ढहा देते थे। दन्तकथा के आधार पर कहा जाता है कि राजगढ़ के बुर्जो में कुछ पोनियां जाटों को चुन दिया था।
बड़े संघर्ष के बाद पोनियां लोग परास्त कर दिए गए। तब उनमें से कुछ यू.पी. की तरफ चले आये। राठौरों के पास सेना बहुत थी, गोदारे जाटों का समूह भी उनके साथ था। इसलिए पोनियां हार गए। पर यह पोनियों के लिए गौरव की बात ही रही कि स्वाधीनता की रक्षा के लिए उन्होंने कायरता नहीं दिखाई। उन्होंने खून की नदियां बहा दीं। वे बदला चाहते थे, उनके हृदय में आग जल रही थी। उनके नेताओं के साथ जो घात सरदारों ने किया था, उसका प्रतिकार पोनियों ने राठौर नरेश रायसिंह का वध करके किया। ‘भारत के देशी राज्य’ में भी पोनियों के द्वारा बदला लेने की बात लिखी है।
पोनियां जाटों के राज्य की सीमा झांसल (हिसार की सीमा) से मरोद तक थी। मरोद राजगढ़ के दक्षिण में 12 कोस की दूरी पर है। दन्त कथाओं के अनुसार किसी साधु ने पोनियां सरदार से कहा था कि घोड़ी पर चढ़कर जितनी जमीन भूमि दबा लेगा, वह सब पोनियों के राज्य में आ जाएगी। निदान सरदार ने ऐसा ही किया। घोड़ी दिन भर छोड़ने के बाद सांयकाल मरोद में पहुंचने पर मर गई। उस समय पोनियां सरदार ने कहा था-
“झासल से चाल मरोदा आई। मर घोड़ी पछतावा नांही।”
पोनियों की पुरानी राजधानी झांसल में जहां उनका दुर्ग था, कुछ निशान अब तक पाए जाते हैं। बालसमंद में भी ऐसे ही चिन्ह पाए जाते हैं।
राठौर राजा इनके वंशधरों को सन्तुष्ट रखने के लिए कुछ उनके मुखियों को देते रहे। कुछ समय पहले ही दश पोशाक और कुछ नकद के प्रति वर्ष राज से पाते हैं।
जाट वीरों का इतिहास: दलीप सिंह अहलावत
पूनिया - इन लोगों का स्वतन्त्र राज्य काला सागर के निकट लघु एशिया में था। ये लोग अमू दरिया के निकट क्षेत्र में भी रहे हैं। पूनिया व तोखर जाट छठी शताब्दी ई० पू० यूरोप में भी थे।[97]
कैप्टन दलीपसिंह अहलावत[98] लिखते हैं कि चन्द्रवंशी राजा वीरभद्र के पुत्र पौनभद्र के नाम से यह पौनिया या पूनिया जाटगोत्र प्रचलित हुआ। इस वंश को हिसार गजेटियर ने शिवगोत्री और महादेव की जटाओं से उत्पन्न लिखा है। इसका तात्पर्य यह है कि राजा वीरभद्र व उसकी सन्तान शिवजी (महादेव) की अनुयायी थी। यह पहले लिखा जा चुका है कि राजा वीरभद्र का राज्य हरद्वार से लेकर शिवालिक की पहाड़ियों तक था जिसकी राजधानी तलखापुर थी। चन्द्रवंशी क्षत्रिय आर्यों का एक गण1 (संघ) जो शिवालिक की पहाड़ियों में रहता था, पौनभद्र की शक्ति तथा गुणों से प्रभावित होकर उसके नाम से पौनिया कहलाया। यह प्रमाणित तथा सत्य है। परन्तु जटाओं (सिर के बालों का समूह) से मनुष्यों की उत्पत्ति होना प्रकृति तथा ईश्वरीय नियम (विधि) के विरुद्ध है। सो, यह जटाओं से पौनिया वंश की उत्पत्ति होने वाली बात असत्य है।
पूनिया या पौनिया जाटों का शिवालिक क्षेत्र से विदेशों में जाकर राज्य करने का संक्षिप्त ब्यौरा निम्न प्रकार से है - यूनानी इतिहासकार हैरोडोटस का हवाला देकर बी० एस० दहिया ने लिखा
- 1. इस गण में चन्द्रवंशी शिवि लोगों का गण भी था (देखो इसी अध्याय में शिवि गोत्र प्रकरण)।
जाट वीरों का इतिहास: दलीप सिंह अहलावत, पृष्ठान्त-219
है कि “पौनिया जाटों की एक स्वतंत्र रियासत काला सागर के निकट लघु एशिया (Asia Minor) में थी। वहां से महान् सम्राट् दारा (Darius) ने इनको अमरिया के निकट बैक्ट्रिया (Bactria) क्षेत्र में भेज दिया।” पौनिया और तोखर गोत्र के जाट छठी शताब्दी ई० पू० यूरोप में थे1।
दूसरे जाट वंशों एकी भांति समय अनुसार पौनिया जाट भी विदेशों से अपने पैतृक देश भारतवर्ष में लौट आये। ये लोग भारतवर्ष के उत्तर-पश्चिमी दर्रों से आये। पहले ये लोग इसी पश्चिमी सीमा में बस गये। इसके प्रमाण इस बात से हैं कि आज भी पौनिया जाटों की संख्या पाकिस्तान की पश्चिमी सीमा पर बसे हुए बन्नूं, डेरा ईस्माइलखान, डेरा गाजीखान, डेरा फतहखान नगरों में हैं। ये डेरा नाम वाले तीनों किले पौनिया जाट राजा जसवन्तसिंह ने अपने तीन पुत्रों सहित इस्लाम में प्रवेश करने पर बनवाये थे। डेरा इस्माइलखान के किले पर यह लेख लिखा हुआ है। वहां पर एक कहावत भी प्रचलित है कि “मान पैनिया चट्ठे, खानपीन में अलग-अलग लूटने में कट्ठे।” अर्थात् ये तीनों गोतों के जाट उधर के आतंककारी बहुसंख्यक गिरोह थे। उस क्षेत्र में मान और चट्ठा मुसलमानधर्मी जाटों की भी बड़ी संख्या है।
भारत की पश्चिमी सीमा से चलकर पौनिया जाटों का एक बड़ा दल जांगल प्रदेश (राजस्थान) में सन् ईस्वी के आरम्भिक काल में पहुंच गया था2। इन्होंने इस भूमि पर पन्द्रहवीं शताब्दी के अन्तिम काल तक राज्य किया था3। जोधपुर प्रसिद्ध हो जाने वाले देश से पौनिया जाटों ने दहिया लोगों को निकाल दिया था4। जिस समय राठौरों का दल बीका और कान्दल के संचालन में जांगल प्रदेश में पहुंचा था उस समय पौनिया जाट सरदारों के अधिकार में 300 गांव थे। इनके अतिरिक्त जांगल प्रदेश में पांच राज्य जाटों के और थे। पौनिया के 300 गांव परगनों में बांटे हुए थे जिनके नाम - 1. भादरा 2. अजीतगढ़ 3. सीधमुख 4. दादर 5. राजगढ़ 6. साकू थे। ये बड़े नगर थे जिनमें किले बनाये गये थे। इन जाटों का यहां प्रजातंत्र राज्य था। उस समय इनकी राजधानी झासल थी जो कि हिसार जिले की सीमा पर है।
रामरत्न चारण ने “राजपूताने के इतिहास” में इन राज्यों का वर्णन किया है और पौनिया जाटों की राजधानी लुद्धि नामक नगर बताया है। “टॉड राजस्थान”, “तारीख राजस्थान हिन्द” और “वाकए-राजपूताना” आदि इतिहासों में इनका वर्णन है। उस समय पौनिया जाटों का राजा कान्हादेव था। वह स्वाभिमानी और कभी न हारने वाला योद्धा था। सब पूनिया भाई उसकी आज्ञा का पालन करते थे। पौनिया जाट वारों के एक हाथ में हल की हथेली (मूठ) और दूसरे हाथ में तलवार रहती थी। इन्होंने बीका की राठौर सेना के साथ बड़े साहस से युद्ध किये और राठौर इनको हरा न सके। आपसी फूट के कारण गोदारे जाटों ने, पौनिया जाटों के विरुद्ध, राठौरों का साथ दिया। इन दोनों बड़ी शक्तियों ने मिलकर पौनिया जाटों को हरा दिया। पौनिया जाट वीरों ने कायरता नहीं दिखाई और खून की नदियां बहा दीं।
- 1. Jats the Ancient Rulers P.90 by B.S. Dahiya, IRS
- 2, 3. जाट इतिहास पृ० 613 लेखक ठा० देशराज।
- 3. जाट इतिहास उर्दू पृ० 372 लेखक ठा० संसारसिंह ।
- 4. जाट इतिहास पृ० 84 और अंग्रेजी अनुवाद पृ० 97, लेखक रामस्वरूप जून।
- 4. पूरी जानकारी के लिए देखो द्वितीय अध्याय, (जाटवीरों की उत्पत्ति प्रकरण)
जाट वीरों का इतिहास: दलीप सिंह अहलावत, पृष्ठान्त-220
इन्होंने इसका बदला राठौर नरेश रायसिंह का वध करके लिया। यह बदला लेनी की बात “भारत के देशी राज्य” इतिहास में भी लिखी हुई है। पौनियों की पुरानी राजधानी झांसल में जहां उनका किला था, कुछ निशान अब तक भी हैं। बालसमद में भी ऐसे ही चिह्न पाये जाते हैं। राठौरों के राजा पूनिया लोगों को खुश करने के लिए इनके मुखियों को दस पौशाक और कुछ नकद प्रतिवर्ष दिया करते थे। पौनिया जाटों की हार होने पर कुछ ने तो वह मरुभूमि छोड़ दी और बहुत से शासित रूप से वहीं रहते रहे। वहां पौनियागढ़ का नाम बदलकर राजगढ (शार्दूलपुर) रखा गया जिसके चारों ओर 100 गांव पौनिया जाटों के अब भी बसे हैं।
बीकानेर से चलकर चौ० नैनसुख पौनिया अपने एक संघ के साथ गुड़गांवा होता हुआ मुरादाबाद पहुंच गया। वहां नैनसुख ने पौनियों की “मुरादाबाद रियासत” की स्थापना की। सन् 1857 ई० के विद्रोह में, चौ० नैनसुख के वंशज गुरुसहाय पूनिया ने, अंग्रेजों की बड़ी सहायता की थी। जिसके पुरस्कार में ब्रिटिश सरकार ने मुरादाबाद नगर का चौथाई भाग और इसी जिले के 50 गांव और बुलन्दशहर में 17 गांव दिए थे। इस रियासत के राजा ललतूसिंह और रानी किशोरी प्रान्तीय ख्याति प्राप्त हो चुके थे। इस रियासत के वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध भरतपुर जैसे ऊँचे राजघरानों के साथ थे।
उत्तरप्रदेश में पौनिया जाटों की बड़ी संख्या है। वहां इनके गांव निम्नप्रकार से हैं। मुरादाबाद जिले में 2 गांव, मेरठ जिले में 10 गांव, अलीगढ़ जिले में सासनी के समीप 10 गांव हैं और अलीगढ़ जिले की अतरौली तहसील में “पौनियावाटी” सुप्रसिद्ध है, जहां के पौनिया जाटों के 84 गांव मुगल पतनकाल में सर्वथा स्वतंत्र हो गये थे। आगरा जिले में टूण्डले के समीप पौनियों की एक टीकरी नाम की अच्छी रियासत थी। चुलाहवली, मदावली, बलिया नंगला यहां के प्रसिद्ध गांव इनके हैं। बुलन्दशहर जिले में पौनियों का मण्डौना गांव बड़ा प्रसिद्ध है।
जालन्धर जिले में 9 गांव पौनियां सिख जाटों के हैं। अम्बाला में नूरपुर, जांडली, मानका, हिसार में लाडवा, सातरोड कलां व खुर्द, हांसी के पास खरक पूनिया, सिरसाना, विदयान खेड़ा, ज्ञानपुरा, मतलौहडा और सरेरा गांव पौनिया जाटों के हैं। जिला पटियाला (पहले रियासत पटियाला) में भी बहुत गांव पौनिया जाट सिक्खों के हैं। भिवानी जिले (पूर्व जींद रियासत) में 150 गांव पौनियां जाटों के हैं। जैसा कि पहले लिख दिया गया है, पाकिस्तान में पौनिया जाट बड़ी संख्या में आबाद हैं।
पौनिया जाटों का एक शिलालेख जिला देहरादून (उ० प्र०) में चूहदपुर के समीप जगत् ग्राम में मिला है। इन लोगों का राज्य यमुना किनारे जगाधारी के निकट क्षेत्र पर था।2
पौनिया जाट हिन्दू, सिक्ख और मुसलमान तीनों धर्मानुयायी हैं। अन्य जाटवंशों (गोत्रों) की अलग-अलग जनगणना में पौनिया जाटवंश के लोग सबसे अधिक संख्या में हैं। परन्तु प्रतिष्ठा (सम्मान) की दृष्टि से सब जाटवंश (गोत्र) एक समान हैं चाहे उनकी जनसंख्या कम हो या अधिक हो।
- 1. जाट इतिहास उर्दू पृ० 373 लेखक ठा० संसारसिंह; जाटों का उत्कर्ष पृ० 328 लेखक कविराज योगेन्द्रपाल शास्त्री ।
- 2. Studies in Indian History and Civilization P. 263 by Buddha Prakash का हवाला देकर लिखा है बी० एस० दहिया ने अपनी पुस्तक “जाट्स दी एनशन्ट् रूलर्ज” पृ० 267 पर।
जाट वीरों का इतिहास: दलीप सिंह अहलावत, पृष्ठान्त-221
मुरादाबाद जाट रियासत
H.H. Maharaja Sawai Brijendra Singh - Maharaja of Bharatpur, Kunwar Brijendra Singhji Poonia - Moradabad at the wedding of Kunwar Anupendra Singhji Poonia in May 1972.
Estate:- Moradabad , Dynasty:- Poonia
State:- Bharatpur , Dynasty:- Sinsinwar
Picture credit:- Kr. Nirpendra Singhji of Moradabad.
Source - Jat Kshatriya Culture
ठाकुर देशराज लिखते हैं कि ‘इतिहास’ लिखने के समय (1934) कुंवर सरदारसिंह जी रियासत के मालिक थे। वह एम. एल. सी. भी थे। जाट महासभा के कोषाघ्यक्ष भी थे। ‘यू. पी. के जाट’ नामक पुस्तक में इस रियासत का वर्णन इस प्रकार है - “अमरोहा के रहने वाले नैनसुख जाट थे। उनके लड़के नरपतसिंह ने मुरादाबाद के शहर में एक बाजार बसाया। यह भगवान् थे। इनके लड़के गुरुसहाय कलक्टरी के नाजिर थे। नवाब रामपुर की मातहती में यह मुरादाबाद के दक्खिनी हिस्से के नायब नाजिर थे। इनको सरकार से राजा का खिताब मिला और 18 गांव से कुछ ज्यादा जिला बुलन्दशहर में इनको सरकार ने प्रदान किये। सन् 1874 में यह मर गये। उनकी विधवा रानी किशोरी मालिक हुई। 60,000 रुपये मालगुजारी की रियासत का इन्तजाम इस बुद्धिमान स्त्री ने 1907 ई. तक बड़ी खूबी के साथ किया। इसी सन् में यह मर गई।
रानी किशोरी के मरने के बाद रियासत के दो भाग हो गये। बुलन्दशहर की जायदाद रानी साहिबा के नाती करनसिंह को मिली और बाकी कुवर ललितसिंह को। गुरुसहाय के भाई ठाकुर पूरनसिंह के यह पोते थे और समस्त रियासत के मालिक भी।
इस समय जैसा कि हम लिख चुके हैं, श्री सरदारसिंह जी रियासत के मालिक थे। रियासत की टुकड़े-बन्दी रानी किशोरी के बाद किस तरह से हुई इसका कुछ मौखिक वर्णन हमें प्राप्त हुआ है। किन्तु कुछ ऐसी भी बातें हैं जो कि राज्य के प्राप्त करने के लिए सर्वत्र हुआ करती हैं। इसलिए उनके लिखने की आवश्कता नहीं समझी।
- 1. यू.पी. के जाट नामक पुस्तक से
जाट इतिहास:ठाकुर देशराज,पृष्ठान्त-581
महाराजा श्री ब्रजेन्द्रसिंह जी भरतपुर-नरेश की ज्येष्ठ भगिनीजी का विवाह ठाकुर करनसिंह जी के पौत्र कुंवर सुरेन्द्रसिंह जी के साथ हुआ था।
चौधरी कन्हैयालाल पूनिया का लेख
चौधरी कन्हैयालाल पूनिया[99] ने लिखा है कि... लगभग 900 साल पहले श्री उतगर के दो संतान पैदा हुई जिसमें से एक का नाम बाढ़ तथा दूसरे का नाम मेर था। बाढ़देव का जन्म विक्रम संवत 1154 (1097=ई.) कार्तिक सुदी पूर्णिमा को पुणे महाराष्ट्र में हुआ। बाढ़देव ने विक्रम संवत 1184 (1127=ई.) आषाढ़ सुदी नवमी वार शनिवार को बाड़मेर की स्थापना की। बाढ़ और मेर दोनों भाईयों के नाम पर आज के बाढ़मेर का नामकरण हुआ। कालांतर में दोनों भाईयों के झगड़े का फायदा उठाकर सोढ़ा राजपूतों ने उस पर कब्जा कर लिया। बाढ़देव उत्तर भारत की ओर प्रस्थान कर गए। उनकी संताने पूनिया कहलाई और मेर महाराष्ट्र में मेरठा (मराठा) के नाम से जाने गए।
बाढ़देव बाड़मेर से विक्रम संवत 1235 (1178=ई.) में पुष्कर आए और आगे जीनमाता के स्थान पर हर्ष के पहाड़ पर शिव मंदिर बनवाया। जीनमाता ने बाढ़देव को वरदान स्वरूप एक पत्थर शीला दी और कहा कि यह जहां गिरे वहीं पर नीम की हरी शाखा काटकर डालना वह संजीवनी हो जाएगी तथा वहीं आपका राज्य सदा-सदा के लिए कायम रहेगा। पूनिया गोत्र आज भी उस शीला का आदर करता है। उस पर स्नान नहीं करते।
विक्रम संवत 1245 (1188=ई.) मिति चैत्र सुदी 2 वार शनिवार को पूनिया गोत्र के आदि पुरुष बाढ़देव ने झांसल में अपने प्रसिद्ध गणराजय की नींव रखी। विक्रम संवत 1245 से 1822 के राठोडों के साथ राजीनामे तक पुनिया आज के हिसार-पिलानी-चुरू-तारानगर एवं भादरा तक काबिज रहे। इस बीच राज्य कायम रखने के समकालीन संघर्षों में पुनियों की राजधानी झांसल से लूदी में तब्दील करनी पड़ी। पडोस के दईया सरदार दीर्घपाल पर विजय, रठौड़ों और गोदारों की संयुक्त सेना के साथ लगातार संघर्ष , जबरिया राठौड़ शासक रायसिंह द्वारा धर्मभाई बनाने का बुलावा देकर धोके से पूनिया सरदारों चेचू और खेता को अपने राजगढ़ वाले किले की नींव में दबाने का बदला राठौड़ रायसिंह के वध से लेने आदि की ऐतिहासिक घटनाएँ हुई। इस कालावधि में कान्हादेव पुनिया गोत्र का इतिहास प्रसिद्ध योद्धा बनकर उभरा जिसने लूदी में अपना स्वतंत्र गढ़ निर्माण किया। लगभग 360 गांवों का यह पूनिया गणराज्य अंतत: जोधपुर शासन के विस्तार हेतु कांधल और बीका तथा जाट गणराज्यों की फूट का शिकार हो गया।
राठौड़ नरेश रायसिंह के वध के बाद पोनियागढ़ का नाम राजगढ़ रख दिया। आज भी राजगढ़ के चारों ओर 100 गाँव पूनिया के हैं। जांगल प्रदेश के नैनसुख पुनिया को ब्रिटिश सरकार ने मुरादाबाद के 50 गाँव एवं बुलंदशहर के 17 गाँव की स्वतंत्र रियासत पुरस्कार स्वरूप प्रदान की थी। उत्तर प्रदेश के मुरादाबाद के 2 गाँव, मेरठ के 10 गाँव, अलीगढ़ सासनी के 10 गाँव और अतरौली की पौनियावाटी प्रसिद्ध है जहां मुगल-पतन काल में पुनिया के 84 गाँव स्वतंत्र घोषित हो गए थे। आगरा की पुनिया टेकरी एवं बुलंदशहर का पौनीयों का मण्डौना गाँव प्रसिद्ध है। उत्तर प्रदेश एवं राजस्थान के अलावा पंजाब के जालंधर एवं पटियाला और हरयाणा की भिवानी में 150 गाँव पुनिया खाप से संबन्धित हैं। भगवान शिव और नाग से जन्म रिस्ता रखने वाली जाटों की इस गोत्र का युद्ध तथा खेल इतिहास में भारत ही नहीं बल्कि सम्पूर्ण संसार में खास मुकाम है।
पूनिया जाट हिन्दू, सिख और मुसलमान तीनों धर्मों में और अनेक जतियों में पाये जाते हैं। पाकिस्तान के बन्नू, डेरा इसमाईल खान, डेरा गजीखान, डेरा फतह खान, पौनीया जाटों के इस्लामिकरण की खुशी में बसाये गए प्राचीन नगर हैं। डेरा इसमाईल खान के किले पर शिलालेख में दर्ज है कि – “मान पौनीयां चटठे, खान-पान में अलग-अलग लूटने में कट्ठे”।
गणेश बेरवाल[100] ने लिखा है कि राजगढ़ के बारे में सरकारी गज़ट में अंकित है कि यह महान थार रेगिस्तान का गेट है, जहां से होकर दिल्ली से सिंध तक के काफिले गुजरते हैं। 1620 ई. के पहले यहाँ प्रजातांत्रिक गणों की व्यवस्था थी जिसमें भामू, डुडी, झाझरिया, मलिक, पूनीयां, राड व सर्वाग गणतांत्रिक शासक थे । जैतपुर पूनीया गाँव था जहां से झासल, भादरा (हनुमानगढ़) तक का बड़ा गण था। जिसका मुख्यलय सिधमुख था। गण में एक ही व्यक्ति सिपाही भी था और किसान भी। लड़ाई होने पर पूरा गण मिलकर लड़ता था। राठोड़ों की नियमित सेना ने इनको गुलाम बनाया।
लघु एशिया में
पूनिया - यूनानी इतिहासकार हैरोडोटस का हवाला देकर बी० एस० दहिया ने पृ० 90, 267 पर लिखा है कि 600 ई० पू० में पूनिया जाटों की एक स्वतन्त्र रियासत लघु एशिया में कालासागर के निकट थी। इनको वहां से सम्राट् दारा ने अमू दरिया के निकट बैक्ट्रिया क्षेत्र में भेज दिया। पूनिया और तोखर गोत्र के जाट छठी शताब्दी ई० पू० यूरोप में थे। (देखो, तृतीय अध्याय पूनिया वंश प्रकरण)।[101]
द्वारका से सम्बन्ध
नागों का वास: कुछ ऒर प्रमाण भी मिलते हैं जिससे सिद्ध होता है कि द्वारका क्षेत्र में आर्यों के आगमन से पहले नागों का वास था। पाताळ में बसने वाले नाग समुद्र से आकर इस क्षेत्र में बसे थे। इस प्रदेश के नाग द्वारका सहित समस्त सौराष्ट्र प्रदेश के संपर्क में थे। स्कंदपुराण के कुमारिका खंड में पातालपुरी को अत्यंत समृद्ध महाप्रसादों तथा मणिरत्नों से अलंकृत एवं स्वरूपवती नागकन्याओं से युक्त बताया गया है। यदुवंश के संस्थापक यदु का विवाह धौम्रवर्ण की पांच नाग कन्याओं के साथ हुआ था। कुशस्थली (द्वारका) का राजा रैवत मूल से तक्षक नाग था। [102]
शिव पुराण के अनुसार इसका एक प्रसिद्ध नाम दारुका वन (Mbt:V.82.22) था , जहाँ नागों का निवास था। आर्यों ने उन्हें वर्णाश्रम-धर्म का अनुयायी बनाया और नागेश्वर ज्योतिर्लिंग की स्थापना की। ब्रह्माण्डपुराण (3.7.100) के अनुसार कश्यप का पुत्र यक्ष (गुह्यक) था, जिसे पञ्चचूड़ा क्रतुस्थला नाम की अप्सरा से रजतनाथ नामक पुत्र उत्पन्न हुआ और उनके मणिवर तथा मणिभद्र नाम के दो पुत्र हुए। इनमें मणिभद्र का विवाह पुण्यजनी नाम की कन्या से हुआ। इस पुण्यजनी की संतानें पुण्यजनी कहलाई। इनका कुछ दिनों तक इस क्षेत्र पर अधिपत्य रहा और कालांतर में भीस्मक के पुत्र रुक्मी ने इन्हें पराजित कर भगाया था । तभी द्वारका उजड़ गयी थी और इसी उजड़ी हुई द्वारका को कृष्ण ने फिर से बसाया था. सम्भवतः इसी कारण महाभारत में द्वारका के 'पुनर्निवेशनम्' शब्द का प्रयोग किया है। [103]
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[104] लिखते हैं कि कुशस्थली द्वारका का ही प्राचीन नाम है। पौराणिक कथाओं के अनुसार महाराजा रैवतक के कुश बिछाकर यज्ञ करने के कारण इसका नाम कुशस्थली नाम पड़ा। पीछे त्रिविक्रम भगवान् कुश नामक दानव का वध भी यहीं किया था। त्रिविक्रम का मंदिर भी द्वारका में रणछोड़ जी के मंदिर के पास है। ऐसा जान पड़ता है कि महाराज रैवतक (बलराम की पत्नी रेवती के पिता) ने प्रथम बार, समुद्र में से कुछ भूमि बाहर निकलकर यह नगरी बसाई थी। हरिवंश पुराण (1.1.4) के अनुसार कुशस्थली उस प्रदेश का नाम था जहाँ यादवों ने द्वारका बसाई थी। विष्णु पुराण के अनुसार, आनर्तस्यापि रेवतनामा पुत्रोजज्ञे योऽसावानर्त विषयं बुभुजे पुरीं च कुशस्थली मध्युवास अर्थात आनर्त के रेवत नामक पुत्र हुआ जिसने कुशस्थली नामक पुरी में रहकर आनर्त विषय पर राज्य किया। एक प्राचीन किंवदंती में द्वारका का सम्बन्ध पुण्यजनों से बताया गया है। ये पुण्यजन वैदिक पाणिक या पणि हो सकते हैं। अनेक विद्वानों का मत है कि ये प्राचीन ग्रीस के फिनिशियनों का ही भारतीय नाम है। ये अपने को कुश की सन्तान मानते थे। (वेडल: मेकर्स ऑफ़ सिविलाइजेशन पृ.80) हमारा मत है कि ये पूनिया जाट ही थे।
माली जाटों के इतिहास में
विक्रम संवत 1192 (=1135 ई.) में सांभर से प्रस्थान के बाद मलसी ने मालीसर गांव बसाया- वैशाख सुदी आखा तीज के दिन विक्रम संवत 1194 साल (=1137 ई.)। जहां मलसी ने पनघट का कुआं खुदवाया, जोहड़ खुदवाया, सवा सौ बीघा पड़तल भूमि छोड़ी तथा महादेव जी की छतरी करवाई। [105]
मलसी माली (1135 ई.) (पत्नि:सुंदर पूनिया पुत्री जोधराज पूनिया, चन्द्रा की पोती ) → धरमा (पत्नि:हेमी गोदारा, पुत्री मेहा गोदारा/हिदु की पोती) → जैतपाल (पत्नि: रायमल भावरीया, की पुत्री सायर) (भाई: करमसी, बहिन: राजां, जोरां) → उदय (पत्नि: सुलखा हरचतवाल की बेटी सिणगारी) (भाई रतन, जीवराज, बहिन सरस्वती) → धनराज (बहिन गणी) [106]
धरमा माली ने बेटी राजा व जोरां का विवाह किया- वैशाख सुदी तीज विक्रम संवत 1278 (=1221 ई.) विवाह में 21 गायें दहेज में दी। विक्रम संवत 1329 (=1272 ई.) में मालीसर गांव में धर्मा की याद में करमसी व जैतपाल ने ₹900 में पानी की 'पीय' कराई तथा विक्रम संवत 1338 (=1281 ई.) में मालीसर गांव में दान किया। विक्रम संवत 1342 (=1286 ई.) में मालीसर गांव में चौधरी उदय ने दान कार्य किया। (करमसी की पत्नि महासी निठारवाल की बेटी हरकू थी- वंश विराम)[107]
चौधरी उदयसी, रतनसी, जीवराज गांव मालीसर छोड़ पलसाना बसे- वैशाख सुदी 7 विक्रम संवत 1352 (=1295 ई.) (शनिवार) के दिन सवा पहर दिन चढ़ते समय छड़ी रोपी। [108]
विक्रम संवत 1513 (=1456 ई.) में चौधरी घासीराम माली पलसाना छोड़कर कासली बसा। [109]
वैशाख सुदी आखातीज विक्रम संवत 1732 की साल (28 अप्रैल 1675 ई.) में चौधरी खडता व धर्मा ने कासली छोड़ गांव पूरां बसाया। [110]
विक्रम संवत 1746 (1689 ई.) की साल धर्मा ने पुरां में धर्माणा जोहड़ा खुदवाया। कार्तिक सुदी सात विक्रम संवत 1754 (=1697 ई.) में चौधरी पांचू, बीजा, लौहट ने पिता धर्मा का मौसर किया। वह गंगाजी घाल गंगोज कराया। विक्रम संवत 1780 (=1723 ई.) की साल चौधरी पांचू/बाछू ने दान कार्य किया। [111]
पणिक
डॉ. धर्मचंद्र विद्यालंकार[112] ने लिखा है....जो कबीला ऋग्वेद का मरुद्गण था, वह संभवतः मरुभूमि में आवासित होने के कारण बजाए कृषक के व्यापारी भी बन गया होगा. संभवत: यह लोग पणिक् जनगण के भी सदस्य रहे होंगे व क्योंकि इन्हीं का संघर्ष ऋग्वेद में रसा नामक नदी के निकट अर्बुद पर्वत शिखर पर दिखाया गया है. उन्होंने भी आर्यों की गायों का ही अपहरण कर लिया था. तब इंद्र ने अपनी 'शर्मा' नमक देवदूती को ही संदेशवाहिका बनाकर उनके पास समझौते के लिए भेजा था. जब पणियों ने संधि-सुलह करने से स्पष्टतया इंकार कर दिया था, तभी देवराज इंद्र ने उनको अपने सैन्य बल से पराभूत करके उत्तर-पूर्व की ओर धकेल दिया था. उन्हीं पणिक् लोगों में से आगे चलकर किसान बनने वाले लोग ही मरुस्थल के जांगल प्रदेश या बिकानेर संभाग के ही चुरू जैसे जिलों में पूनिया जाट बन गए थे और जो उतने में से आगे चलकर अतिरिक्त करभार से आगे जाकर भूमिहीन बन गए थे; वहीं पंजाब में दलित भी बन गए थे. भूमिहीन कामगार ही हमें हरियाणा और पंजाब में पुनिया, बल और चीमा जैसे दलित कुलनाम मिलते हैं. बल्कि राजस्थान के पाली जिले में तो कभी मंडोर राज्य के शासक परिहार कुल के लोग भी हमें दलितों में ही देखने को मिलते हैं. पनिकों के नायक का भी नाम हमें ऋग्वेद में बलवूथ ही मिल रहा है.
Chronology and origin of the gotra
The historian Ram Swarup Joon has given the chronology of Virabhadra, obtained from the records of the Bards of Dholpur, in his book ‘History of the Jats’ (1938, 1967) as under: [113]
(Obtained from the records of the Bards of Dholpur - after English Generation) From : Sanyati: | Vir Bhadra( 4 sons) | _________________________________________________________ | | | | Pon Bhadra Kalhan Bhadra Atisur Bhadra Jakh Bhadra (Originator (Originator | (Originator Punya Kalhan | Jakhar Gotra) Gotra) | Gotra) Anjana Jata Shankar | | Dahi Bhadra Brahma Bhadra (Originator Dahiya Gotra)
Note:
According to the Bhats (bards) of the Dahiya Gotra, the descendants. Of the above spread to the following areas
(a) Pon Bhadra’s to Haryana, Brij, and Gwalior
(b) Kalhan Bhadra’s to Kathiawar and Gujrat.
(c) Atisur Bhadra’s to Malwa
(d) Jakh Bhadra’s to Punjab and Kashmir
(e) Dahi Bhadra’s to Punjab and Central Asia
(f) Brahma Bhadra’s by the name of Bamroliya to Jammu and Kashmir, Haridwar and Punjab (the ruling family of Dholpur is from this branch)
Raja Vir Bhadra had five sons and two grand sons named Pon Bhadra, Jakh Bhadra, Kalhan Bhadra, Brahma Bhadra, Atisur Bhadra, Dahi Bhadra and Anjana Jata Shankar. Seven major Jat gotras are named after these seven descendants of Vir Bhadra. A detailed account of these is found in the family history of Rana of Dholpur. This proves the descent of some Jats from Vir Bhadra].
- Pon Bhadra is the originator of Punia gotra.
- Kalhan Bhadra is the originator of Kalhan gotra.
- Atisur Bhadra had Anjana Jata Shankar and his son Dahi Bhadra in the lineage. Dahi Bhadra is the originator of Dahiya gotra.
- Jakh Bhadra is the originator of Jakhar gotra.
According to the bards, the descendants of above spread as under:
(a) Pon Bhadra’s to Haryana, Brij, and Gwalior
(b) Kalhan Bhadra’s to Kathiawar and Gujarat.
(c) Atisur Bhadra’s to Malwa
(d) Jakh Bhadra’s to Punjab and Kashmir
(e) Dahi Bhadra’s to Punjab and Central Asia
Visit of Punia kingdom by Fa-Hien in 404 AD
The Chinese traveller Fa-Hien reached Mathura after crossing Sindhu River through the following route: Udyana (present Swat) → Kandahar → Taxila → Purushpur →Hilda → Kigdom of Lo-e → Kingdom of Poh-na → Bhida (Punjab) → Mathura
The text of Fa-Hien's account of his journey through Punjab is described by him in Chapter - 14 of the book by James Legge.[114], who writes that Having stayed there till the third month of winter, Fa-hien and the two others,1 proceeding southwards, crossed the Little Snowy mountains.2 On them the snow lies accumulated both winter and summer. On the north (side) of the mountains, in the shade, they suddenly encountered a cold wind which made them shiver and become unable to speak. Hwuy-king could not go any farther. A white froth came from his mouth, and he said to Fa-hien, “I cannot live any longer. Do you immediately go away, that we do not all die here;” and with these words he died.3 Fa-hien stroked the corpse, and cried out piteously, “Our original plan has failed; — it is fate.4 What can we do?” He then again exerted himself, and they succeeded in crossing to the south of the range, and arrived in the kingdom of Lo-e,5 where there were nearly three thousand monks, students of both the mahayana and hinayana. Here they stayed for the summer retreat,6 and when that was over, they went on to the south, and ten days’ journey brought them to the kingdom of Poh-na,7 where there are also more than three thousand monks, all students of the hinayana. Proceeding from this place for three days, they again crossed the Indus, where the country on each side was low and level.8
1 These must have been Tao-ching and Hwuy-king.
2 Probably the Safeid Koh, and on the way to the Kohat pass.
3 All the texts have Kwuy-king. See chapter xii, note 13.
4 A very natural exclamation, but out of place and inconsistent from the lips of Fa-hien. The Chinese character {.}, which he employed, may be rendered rightly by “fate” or “destiny;” but the fate is not unintelligent. The term implies a factor, or fa-tor, and supposes the ordination of Heaven or God. A Confucian idea for the moment overcame his Buddhism.
5 Lo-e, or Rohi, is a name for Afghanistan; but only a portion of it can be here intended.
6 We are now therefore in 404.
7 No doubt the present district of Bannu, in the Lieutenant-Governorship of the Punjab, between 32d 10s and 33d 15s N. lat., and 70d 26s and 72d E. lon. See Hunter’s Gazetteer of India, i, p. 393.
8 They had then crossed the Indus before. They had done so, indeed, twice; first, from north to south, at Skardo or east of it; and second, as described in chapter vii.
1. James Legge has commented at footnote – 5 that Fa-Hien crossed through the Kingdom of Lo-e that means `Rohi'. In Rajasthan Rohi means land. Fa-Hien had moved through the Land of Ponya or Punia. Here James Legge could not properly understand about the Kingdom of Lo-e. Dr Natthan Singh has mentioned in Jat Itihasa (page 113) about the existence of Rohe tribe in Afghanistan, the descendants of whom are Rohela or Ruhela Jats found in Rajasthan. Here it is interesting to note that in Afghanistan O and U are interchangeable. Similarly L and R are also interchangeable. Thus what Fa-Hien mentions as Kingdom of Lo-e is the Kingdom of Ruhela Jats in Afghanistan.
2.He has interpreted Poh-na in footnote-7 as Bannu in Punjab. In fact it is used for Ponya.
3. This period was 404 AD.
4. This period pertains to the rule of Punia Jats in Punjab, Haryana and part of Rajasthan. This has been mentioned by Thakur Deshraj (page 617) that the capital of Punias was at Jhasal near border of Hisar district.
5. Ram Swarup Joon[115] has also mentioned about Punia clan – "They are found in Bikaner, Luharu and district Hissar in large numbers. They had their capital in Bikaner. The Ponya king drove out the Dahiya rulers of Jodhpur region. They have about 100 villages in Rajgarh region. They are still found in large numbers in Deraghazi Khan and Bannu and they're all of who are followers of Islam. They have 100 villages in Tehsil in Dadri and about 10 in Aligarh. A few of them inhabit Rohtak also."
6. James Legge did not have idea about Punia clan, but Fa-Hien had clearly written it as Kingdom of Poh-na which means The Kingdom of Ponya or Punias. The Ruhela and Punia kigdoms were in neighbourhood at that time in Afghanistan.
7. Y and J are interchangeable. `Punjab' can be written as `Punyab'. Punyab=Punya+ab means the land of Punya.
8. Punya as tribe has been mentioned in Rigveda also in Punjab. Punjab must derive its name from Punya, which later was interpreted as land of five rivers.
Paionoi of Greeks
H. W. Bellew[116] writes that Herodotus gives some other instances of the transplanting of nations and tribes by king Darius after his return from the Skythian expedition. He says (Bk. v.) that, " Darius commanded Magabazus, whom he had left as his general in Thrakia, to remove the Paionoi from their abodes, and to bring to him themselves, their children, and their wives. "Magabazus accordingly
[Page-54]: invaded Paionia, and took- possession of their towns, and the Paionoi immediately gave themselves up to the Persians. Thus the Siropaionoi and Paioplai, and the tribes of the Paionoi as far as the Lake Prasias were removed from their abodes, and transported into Asia. But those about Mount Pangaius and near the Doberoi, the Agrianai, Odomantoi, and those who inhabit Lake Prasias itself, were not at all subdued by Megabazus. . . . Those of the Paionoi then who were subdued were taken to Asia. . . . Megabazus, leading with him the Paionoi, arrived at the Hellespont, and having crossed over from thence, came to Sardis, bringing the Paionoi with him. . . . The Paionoi, who had been carried away captive by Megabazus from the river Strymon, occupied a tract in Phrygia, and a village by themselves." The tribes named as thus transported into Phrygia are the Paioni, the Paioplai, and the Doberi. The Paioni on the river Strymon, not far from the Hellespont, were a branch of the Panni, or Pannoni, who gave their name to the country called Pannonia ; and the Paioplai and Doberi appear to have been clans of the same tribe. Anyhow, we find in Afghanistan at the present day tribes bearing the same names, viz. : the Panni, the Popali, or Popalzi, and the Dawari; and all settled together in the Kandahar country, where, curiously enough, they have a ridge of hill and a district, with its village, called Panjwai, which may stand for the Pangains of Herodotus. Formerly the Panni was a numerous and important tribe in Afghanistan, but in the time of the Lodi kings of Delhi, they, along with several other important tribes of Afghanistan, emigrated bodily to Hindustan, where they established small colonies in various parts of the country, as in Hydrabad of the Dakhan, in Barar, Karaoli, Shekhawati, and other parts of Central India, Rajwarra, etc., leaving but few of the tribe in Afghanistan.
Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery[117] writes that under the same entry, the quotation of Adib Peshawar has also been given. Probably he has written about the Jats in Afghanistan:
- “They are a clan of Hindus, now most of them have been honoured to adopt the Islamic faith. In the verbal history I have been told that people of Panni clan in Afghanistan are Jats in their origin. There are some small pockets of Jats in towns like Roudsar".
Punia Khap
Punia Khap is a big khap of 360 villages. In Rajasthan there are 100 villages of this khap around Rajgarh in Churu district, 150 villages in Bhiwani district Haryana, 94 villages in Aligarh district, 10 in Meerut district, 2 in Muradabad district in Uttar Pradesh. 9 villages are in Jalandhar district in Punjab. [118]
In Mahabharata
- Shalya Parva, Mahabharata/Book IX Chapter 44 mentions names of Kshatriyas who came to the ceremony for investing Kartikeya with the status of generalissimo. Shloka 55 mentions Punyanamas (पुण्यनाम) along with Koks, Nadals, Mallis. [119]
- Punya-hrada (पुण्यह्रद) as a lake is mentioned in the list of tirthas of the west in Mahabharata (III.87.9).[120]
Ponhea Lueu District in Cambodia
- Ponhea Lueu District (Khmer: ស្រុកពញ្ញាឮ) is a district (srok) of Kandal Province, Cambodia. The district is subdivided into 14 communes (khum) and 141 villages (phum). [121] In the northern part of the district, near the border between Kampong Speu and Kampong Chhnang is the old royal capital of Oudong.
- Ponhea Yat (Khmer: ពញាយ៉ាត; Thai: พญาญาติ, RTGS: Phaya Yat; 1396–1466), also known as Barom Reachea II (Khmer: បរមរាជាទី២; Thai: บรมราชาที่ ๒, RTGS: Borommaracha Thi Song), was the last king of the Khmer Empire. He was a son of Khamkhat.
- Ponhea Kraek District (Khmer: ស្រុកពញ្ញាក្រែក) is a district (srok) located in Tboung Khmum Province, Cambodia. The district capital is Ponhea Kraek town located around 48 kilometres east of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by road. Ponhea Kraek is a border district and the city of Tây Ninh in Vietnam is around 57 kilometres away by road. The district also lies on the border between Tboung Khmum and Prey Veng Province.
5. Revolt of Clitus and Glaucias. (p.18-21)
Arrian[122] writes....He (Alexander) then advanced into the land of the Agrianians and Paeonians,[1] where messengers reached him, who reported that Clitus, son of Bardylis,[2] had revolted, and that Glaucias,[3] king of the Taulantians,[4] had gone over to him. They also reported that the Autariatians[5] intended to attack him on his way. He accordingly resolved to commence his march without delay. But Langarus, king of the Agrianians, who, in the lifetime of Philip, had been an open and avowed friend of Alexander, and had gone on an embassy to him in his private capacity, at that time also came to him with the finest and best armed of the shield-bearing troops, which he kept as a body-guard. When this man heard that Alexander was inquiring who the Autariatians were, and what was the number of their men, he said that he need take no account of them, since they were the least warlike of the tribes of that district; and that he would himself make an inroad into their land, so that they might have too much occupation about their own affairs to attack others. Accordingly, at Alexander's order, he made an attack upon them; and not only did he attack them, but he swept their land clean of captives and booty. Thus the Autariatians were indeed occupied with their own affairs. Langarus was rewarded by Alexander with the greatest honours, and received from him the gifts which were considered most valuable in the eyes of the king of the Macedonians. Alexander also promised to give him his sister Cyna[6] in marriage when he arrived at Pella.[7] But Langarus fell ill and died on his return home.
After this, Alexander marched along the river Erigon,[8] and proceeded to the city of Pelium;[9] for Clitus had seized this city, as it was the strongest in the country. When Alexander arrived at this place, and had encamped near the river Eordaicus,[10] he resolved to make an assault upon the wall the next day. But Clitus held the mountains which encircled the city, and commanded it from their height; moreover, they were covered with dense thickets. His intention was to fall upon the Macedonians from all sides, if they assaulted the city. But Glaucias, king of the Taulantians, had not yet joined him. Alexander, however, led his forces towards the city; and the enemy, after sacrificing three boys, an equal number of girls, and three black rams, sallied forth for the purpose of receiving the Macedonians in a hand-to-hand conflict. But as soon as they came to close quarters, they left the positions which they had occupied, strong as they were,[11] in such haste that even their sacrificial victims were captured still lying on the ground.
On this day he shut them up in the city, and encamping near the wall, he resolved to intercept them by a circumvallation; but on the next day Glaucias, king of the Taulantians, arrived with a great force. Then, indeed, Alexander gave up the hope of capturing the city with his present force, since many warlike troops had fled for refuge into it, and Glaucias with his large army would be likely to follow him up closely if he assailed the wall. But he sent Philotas on a foraging expedition, with the beasts of burden from the camp and a sufficient body of cavalry to serve as a guard. When Glaucias heard of the expedition of Philotas he marched out to meet him, and seized the mountains which surrounded the plain, from which Philotas intended to procure forage. As soon as Alexander was informed that his cavalry and beasts of burden would be in danger if night overtook them, taking the shield-bearing troops,[12] the archers, the Agrianians, and about four hundred cavalry, he went with all speed to their aid. The rest of the army he left behind near the city, to prevent the citizens from hastening forth to form a junction with Glaucias (as they would have done), if all the Macedonian army had withdrawn. Directly Glaucias perceived that Alexander was advancing, he evacuated the mountains, and Philotas and his forces returned to the camp in safety. But Clitus and Glaucias still imagined that they had caught Alexander in a disadvantageous position; for they were occupying the mountains, which commanded the plain by their height, with a large body of cavalry, javelin-throwers, and slingers, besides a considerable number of heavy armed infantry. Moreover, the men who had been beleaguered in the city were expected to pursue the Macedonians closely if they made a retreat. The ground also through which Alexander had to march was evidently narrow and covered with wood; on one side it was hemmed in by a river, and on the other there was a very lofty and craggy mountain, so that there would not be room for the army to pass, even if only four marched abreast.
1. The Paeonians were a powerful Thracian people, who in early times spread over a great part of Thrace and Macedonia. In historical times they inhabited the country on the northern border of Macedonia. They were long troublesome to Macedonia, but were subdued by Philip the father of Alexander, who, however, allowed them to retain their own chiefs. The Agrianians were the chief tribe of Paeonians, from whom Philip and Alexander formed a valuable body of light-armed troops.
2. Bardylis was a chieftain of Illyria who carried on frequent wars with the Macedonians, but was at last defeated and slain by Phillip, B.C. 359. Clitus had been subdued by Phillip in 249 B.C.
3. This Glaucias subsequently afforded asylum to the celebrated Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, when an infant of two years of age. He took the child into his own family and brought him up with his own children. He not only refused to surrender Pyrrhus to Cassander, but marched into Epirus and placed the boy, when twelve years of age, upon the throne, leaving him under the care of guardians, B.C. 307.
4. The Taulantians were a people of Iliyria in the neighbourhood of Epidamnus, now called Durazzo.
5. These were an Illyrian people in the Dalmatian mountains.
6. Cyna was the daughter of Philip, by Audata, an Illyrian woman. See Athenœus, p. 557 D. She was given in marriage to her cousin Amyntas, who had a preferable claim to the Macedonian throne as the son of Philip's elder brother, Perdiccas. This Amyntas was put to death by Alexander soon after his accession. Cyna was put to death by Alcetas, at the order of Perdiccas, the regent after Alexander's death. See Diodorus, xix. 52.
7. The capital of Macedonia. On its site stands the modern village of Neokhori, or Yenikiuy. Philip and Alexander were born here.
8. A tributary of the Axius, called Agrianus by Herodotus. It is now called Tscherna.
9. This city was situated south of lake Lychnitis, on the west side of the chain of Scardus and Pindus. The locality is described in Livy, xxxi. 39, 40.
10. Now called Devol.
11. The use of καίτοι with a participle instead of the Attic καίπερ is frequent in Arrian and the later writers.
12. The Hypaspists—shield-bearers, or guards—were a body of infantry organized by Philip, originally few in number, and employed as personal defenders of the king, but afterwards enlarged into several distinct brigades. They were hoplites intended for close combat, but more lightly armed and more fit for rapid evolutions than the phalanx. Like the Greeks, they fought with the one-handed pike and shield. They occupied an intermediate position between the heavy infantry of the phalanx, and the peltasts and other light troops. See Grote's Greece, vol. xi. ch. 92.
Ch. 14 XIV. Arrangement of the Hostile Armies (p.43-44)
Arrian[123] writes....Having spoken thus, he sent Parmenio to command upon the left wing, while he led in person on the right. And at the head of the right wing he placed the following officers:—Philotas, son of Parmenio, with the cavalry Companions, the archers, and the Agrianian javelin-men; and Amyntas, son of Arrhabaeus, with the cavalry carrying the long pike, the Paeonians, and the squadron of Socrates, was posted near Philotas. Close to these were posted the Companions who were shield-bearing infantry under the command of Nicanor, son of Parmenio. Next to these the brigade of Perdiccas, son of Orontes, then that of Coenus, son of Polemocrates; then that of Craterus,[1] son of Alexander, and that of Amyntas, son of Andromenes; finally, the men commanded by Philip, son of Amyntas. The first on the left wing were the Thessalian cavalry, commanded by Calas, son of Harpalus;[2] next to these, the cavalry of the Grecian allies, commanded by Philip, son of Menelaus;[3] next to these the Thracians, commanded by Agatho.[4] Close to these were the infantry, the brigades of Craterus, Meleager, and Philip, reaching as far as the centre of the entire line.
The Persian cavalry were about 20,000 in number, and their infantry, consisting of Grecian mercenaries, fell a little short of the same number.[5] They had extended their horse along the bank of the river in a long phalanx, and had posted the infantry behind the cavalry, for the ground above the bank was steep and commanding. They also marshalled dense squadrons of cavalry upon that part of the bank where they observed Alexander himself advancing against their left wing; for he was conspicuous both by the brightness of his arms and by the respectful service of his attendants. Both armies stood a long time at the margin of the river, keeping quiet from dread of the result; and profound silence was observed on both sides. For the Persians were waiting till the Macedonians should step into the water, with the intention of attacking them as they emerged. Alexander leaped upon his steed, ordering those about him to follow, and exhorting them to show themselves valiant men. He then commanded Amyntas, son of Arrhabaeus, to make the first rush into the river at the head of the skirmishing cavalry, the Paeonians, and one regiment of infantry; and in front of these he had placed Ptolemy, son of Philip, in command of the squadron of Socrates, which body of men indeed on that day happened to have the lead of all the cavalry force. He himself led the right wing with sounding of trumpets, and the men raising the war-cry to Enyalius.[6] He entered the ford, keeping his line always extended obliquely in the direction in which the stream flowed, in order that the Persians might not fall upon him on the flank as he was emerging from the water, but that he might, as far as practicable,[7] encounter them with his phalanx.
1. Craterus was one of Alexander's best generals. On the death of the king he received the government of Macedonia and Greece in conjunction with Antipater, whose daughter he married. He fell in battle against Eumenes (B.C. 321).
2. Calas was appointed viceroy of Phrygia. He Consequently took no further part in Alexander's campaigns after this.
3. Alexander had three generals named Philip, two of whom are mentioned here as sons of Amyntas and Menelaus. The third was son of Machatas, and was left in India as viceroy.
4. Son of Tyrimmas, was commander of the Odrysian cavalry. See iii. 12 infra.
5. Diadorus (xvii. 19) says that the Persian cavalry numbered 10,000 and their infantry 100,000. Both these numbers are inaccurate. We know from Arrian (chaps. 12 and 13) that the Persian infantry was inferior in number to that of Alexander.
6. This is an Homeric name for Mars the war-god. In Homer Ares is the Trojan and Enyalius the Grecian war-god. Hence they are mentioned as different in Aristophanes (Pax, 457). See Paley's note on Homer (vvi. 166). As to the practice of shouting the war-cry to Mars before battle, see Xenophon (Anab., i. 8, 18; v. 2, 14). The Scholiast on Thucydides (i. 50) says that the Greeks used to sing two paeans, one to Mars before battle, another to Apollo after it.
7. ώς άνυστόν=ώς δυνατόν Cf. Arrian, iv. 12, 6; Xenophon (Anab., i, 8, 11; Res. Laced., i. 3).
Ch.7 Darius at Issus.—Alexander's Speech to his Army (p.91-94)
Arrian[124] writes.... Darius crossed the mountain range by what are called the Amanic Gates, and advancing towards Issus, came without being noticed to the rear of Alexander.[1] Having reached Issus, he captured as many of the Macedonians as had been left behind there on account of illness. These he cruelly mutilated and slew. Next day he proceeded to the river Pinarus. As soon as Alexander heard that Darius was in his rear, because the news did not seem to him trustworthy, he embarked some of the Companions in a ship with thirty oars, and sent them back to Issus, to observe whether the report was true. The men who sailed in the thirty-oared ship, discovered the Persians encamped there more easily, because the sea in this part takes the form of a bay. They therefore brought back word to Alexander that Darius was at hand. Alexander then called together the generals, the commanders of cavalry, and the leaders of the Grecian allies, and exhorted them to take courage from the dangers which they had already surmounted, asserting that the struggle would be between themselves who had been previously victorious and a foe who had already been beaten; and that the deity was acting the part of general on their behalf better than himself, by putting it into the mind of Darius to move his forces from the spacious plain and shut them up in a narrow place, where there was sufficient room for them to deepen their phalanx by marching from front to rear, but where their vast multitude would be useless to their enemy in battle. He added that their foes were similar to them neither in strength nor in courage; for the Macedonians, who had long been practised in warlike toils accompanied with danger, were coming into close conflict with Persians and Medes, men who had become enervated by a long course of luxurious ease; and, to crown all, they, being freemen, were about to engage in battle with men who were slaves. He said, moreover, that the Greeks who were in the two armies would not be fighting for the same objects; for those with Darius were braving danger for pay, and that pay not high; whereas, those on their side were voluntarily defending the interests of Greece. Again, of foreigners, the Thracians, Paeonians, Illyrians, and Agrianians, who were the most robust and warlike of men in Europe, were about to be arrayed against the most sluggish and effeminate races of Asia. In addition to all this, Alexander was commanding in the field against Darius. These things he enumerated as evidences of their superiority in the struggle; and then he began to point out the great rewards they would win from the danger to be incurred. For he told them that on that occasion they would overcome, not merely the viceroys of Darius, nor the cavalry drawn up at the Granicus, nor the 20,000 Grecian mercenaries, but would overcome all the available forces of the Persians and Medes, as well as all the other races subject to them dwelling in Asia, and the Great King present in person. After this conflict nothing would be left for them to do, except to take possession of all Asia, and to put an end to their many labours. In addition to this, he reminded them of their brilliant achievements in their collective capacity in days gone by; and if any man had individually performed any distinguished feat of valour from love of glory, he mentioned him by name in commendation of the deed.[2] He then recapitulated as modestly as possible his own daring deeds in the various battles. He is also said to have reminded them of Xenophon and the ten thousand men who accompanied him, asserting that the latter were in no way comparable with them either in number or in general excellence. Besides, they had had with them neither Thessalian, Boeotian, Peloponnesian, Macedonian, or Thracian horsemen, nor any of the other cavalry which was in the Macedonian army; nor had they any archers or slingers except a few Cretans and Rhodians, and even these were got ready by Xenophon on the spur of the moment in the very crisis of danger.[3] And yet even these put the king and all his forces to rout close to Babylon[4] itself, and succeeded in reaching the Euxine Sea after defeating all the races which lay in their way as they were marching down thither. He also adduced whatever other arguments were suitable for a great commander to use in order to encourage brave men in such a critical moment before the perils of battle. They urged him to lead them against the foe without delay, coming from all sides to grasp the king's right hand, and encouraging him by their promises.
1. There are two passes by which the eastern countries are entered from Cilicia; one on the south, near the sea, leads into Syria. The other pass lies more to the north, and leads to the country near the Euphrates. The latter was called the Amanic, and the former the Syrian gate. Alexander had just passed through the Syrian gate in order to march against Darius, at the very time that Darius was descending into Cilicia by the Amanic gate, and occupying Issus with his advanced guard. Alexander, who had reached Myriandrus in Syria, made a countermarch to meet Darius. Plutarch (Alex., 20) says that they missed each other in the night, which is quite a mistake
2. Cf. Sallust (Catilina, 59); Caesar (Bell. Gall., ii. 25).
3. See Xenophon (Anab., iii. 3).
4. At Cunaxa. Xenophon (ii. 2, 6) does not mention the name of the place where the battle was fought, but says that he was informed it was only 360 stadia (about 40 miles) from Babylon. We get the name Cunaxa from Plutarch (Life of Artaxerxes, c. 8), who says it was 500 stadia (about 58 miles) from Babylon.
Ch.8 Description of Darius's Army at Arbela (p.154-157)
Arrian[125] writes.... Alexander therefore took the royal squadron of cavalry, and one squadron of the Companions, together with the Paeonian scouts, and marched with all speed; having ordered the rest of his army to follow at leisure. The Persian cavalry, seeing Alexander, advancing quickly, began to flee with all their might. Though he pressed close upon them in pursuit, most of them escaped; but a few, whose horses were fatigued by the flight, were slain, others were taken prisoners, horses and all. From these they ascertained that Darius with a large force was not far off. For the Indians who were conterminous with the Bactrians, as also the Bactrians themselves and the Sogdianians had come to the aid of Darius, all being under the command of Bessus, the viceroy of the land of Bactria. They were accompanied by the Sacians, a Scythian tribe belonging to the Scythians who dwell in Asia.[1] These were not subject to Bessus, but were in alliance with Darius. They were commanded by Mavaces, and were horse-bowmen. Barsaentes, the viceroy of Arachotia, led the Arachotians[2] and the men who were called mountaineer Indians. Satibarzanes, the viceroy of Areia, led the Areians,[3] as did Phrataphernes the Parthians, Hyrcanians, and Tapurians,[4] all of whom were horsemen. Atropates commanded the Medes, with whom were arrayed the Cadusians, Albanians, and Sacesinians.[5] The men who dwelt near the Red Sea[6] were marshalled by Ocondobates, Ariobarzanes, and Otanes. The Uxians and Susianians[7] acknowledged Oxathres son of Aboulites as their leader, and the Babylonians were commanded by Boupares. The Carians who had been deported into central Asia, and the Sitacenians[8] had been placed in the same ranks as the Babylonians. The Armenians were commanded by Orontes and Mithraustes, and the Cappadocians by Ariaoes. The Syrians from the vale between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon (i.e. Coele-Syria) and the men of Syria which lies between the rivers[9] were led by Mazaeus. The whole army of Darius was said to contain 40,000 cavalry, 1,000,000 infantry, and 200 scythe-bearing chariots.[10] There were only a few elephants, about fifteen in number, belonging to the Indians who live this side of the Indus.[11] With these forces Darius had encamped at Gaugamela, near the river Bumodus, about 600 stades distant from the city of Arbela, in a district everywhere level;[12] for whatever ground thereabouts was unlevel and unfit for the evolutions of cavalry, had long before been levelled by the Persians, and made fit for the easy rolling of chariots and for the galloping of horses. For there were some who persuaded Darius that he had forsooth got the worst of it in the battle fought at Issus, from the narrowness of the battle-field; and this he was easily induced to believe.
1. Cf. Aelian (Varia Historia, xii. 38).
2. Arachosia comprised what is now the south-east part of Afghanistan and the north-east part of Beloochistan.
3. Aria comprised the west and north-west part of Afghanistan and the east part of Khorasan.
4. Parthia is the modern Khorasan. Hyrcania was the country south and south-east of the Caspian Sea. The Tapurians dwelt in the north of Media, on the borders of Parthia between the Caspian passes. Cf. Ammianus, xxiii. 6.
5. The Cadusians lived south-west of the Caspian, the Albanians on the west of the same sea, in the south-east part of Georgia, and the Sacesinians in the north-east of Armenia, on the river Kur.
6. "The Red Sea was the name originally given to the whole expanse of sea to the west of India as far as Africa. The name was subsequently given to the Arabian Gulf exclusively. In Hebrew it is called Yam-Suph (Sea of Sedge, or a seaweed resembling wool). The Egyptians called it the Sea of Weeds.
7. The Uxians occupied the north-west of Persis, and Susiana was the country to the north and west of Persis.
8. The Sitacenians lived in the south of Assyria. ἐτετάχατο. is the Ionic form for τεταγμἑνοι ἦσαν.
9. The Greeks called this country Mesopotamia because it lies between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. In the Bible it is called Paddan-Aram (the plain of Aram, which is the Hebrew name of Syria). In Gen. xlviii. 7 it is called merely Paddan, the plain. In Hos. xii. 12, it is called the field of Aram, or, as our Bible has it, the country of Syria. Elsewhere in the Bible it is called Aram-naharaim, Aram of the two rivers, which the Greeks translated Mesopotamia. It is called "the Island," by Arabian geographers.
10. Curtius (iv. 35 and 45) states that Darius had 200,000 infantry, 45,000 cavalry, and 200 scythed chariots; Diodorus (xvii. 53) says, 800,000 infantry, 200,000 cavalry, and 200 scythed chariots; Justin (xi. 12) gives 400,000 foot and 100,000 horse; and Plutarch (Alex., 31) speaks of a million of men. For the chariots cf. Xenophon (Anab., i 8, 10); Livy, xxxvii. 41.
11. This is the first instance on record of the employment of elephants in battle.
12. This river is now called Ghasir, a tributary of the Great Zab. The village Gaugamela was in the district of Assyria called Aturia, about 69 miles from the city of Arbela, now called Erbil.
Ch.13 The Battle of Arbela (p.164-166)
Arrian[126] writes.... When the armies drew near each other, Darius and the men around him were observed: the apple-bearing Persians, the Indians, the Albanians, the Carians who had been forcibly transported into Central Asia, the Mardian archers ranged opposite Alexander himself and the royal squadron of cavalry. Alexander led his own army more towards the right, and the Persians marched along parallel with him, far outflanking him upon their left.1 Then the Scythian cavalry rode along the line, and came into conflict with the front men of Alexander’s array; but he nevertheless still continued to march towards the right, and almost entirely got beyond the ground which had been cleared and levelled by the Persians.2 Then Darius, fearing that his chariots would become useless, if the Macedonians advanced into the uneven ground, ordered the front ranks of his left wing to ride round the right wing of the Macedonians, where Alexander was commanding, to prevent him from marching his wing any further. This being done, Alexander ordered the cavalry of the Grecian mercenaries under the command of Menidas to attack them. But the Scythian cavalry and the Bactrians, who had been drawn up with them, sallied forth against them, and being much more numerous they put the small body of Greeks to rout. Alexander then ordered Aristo at the head of the Paeonians and Grecian auxiliaries to attack the Scythians; and the barbarians gave way. But the rest of the Bactrians, drawing near to the Paeonians and Grecian auxiliaries, caused their own comrades who were already in flight to turn and renew the battle; and thus they brought about a general cavalry engagement, in which more of Alexander’s men fell, not only being overwhelmed by the multitude of the barbarians, but also because the Scythians themselves and their horses were much more completely protected with armour for guarding their bodies.3 Notwithstanding this, the Macedonians sustained their assaults, and assailing them violently squadron by squadron, they succeeded in pushing them out of rank. Meantime the foreigners launched their scythe-bearing chariots against Alexander himself, for the purpose of throwing his phalanx into confusion; but in this they were grievously deceived. For as soon as they approached, the Agrianians and the javelin-men with Balacrus, who had been posted in front of the Companion cavalry, hurled their javelins at some of the horses; others they seized by the reins and pulled the drivers off, and standing round the horses killed them. Yet some got right through the ranks; for the men stood apart and opened their ranks, as they had been instructed, in the places where the chariots assaulted them. In this way it generally happened that the chariots passed through safely, and the men by whom they were driven were uninjured. But these also were afterwards overpowered by the grooms of Alexander’s army and by the royal shield-bearing guards.4
1. Cf. Diodorus (xvii. 57).
2. See Donaldson's New Cratylus, sect. 178.
3. Cf. Curtius, iv. 35. "Equitibus equisque tegumenta erant ex ferreis laminis serie inter se connexis."
4. Compare the uselessness of the Persian scythed chariots at the battle of Cunaxa. See Xenophon (Anabasis, i. 8). So also at the battle of Magnesia between Scipio and Antiochus. See Livy, xxxvii. 41.
Distribution in Rajasthan
Villages in Churu district
Abasar, Bairasar Bara, Bairasar Chhota, Bairasar Gumana, Bairasar Manjhla, Baniyala, Beenjawas, Beeslan, Beijwa, Bewar, Bhagela Churu, Bhainsli, Bhamasi, Bhatod, Bheemsana, Bhinchari (70), Bhojan, Bhuwari, Bidasar, Bilyoowas Mahiyan, Biramsar, Buchawas, Bungi, Chand Gothi, Chhapar Churu (2), Dadrewa, Dalman (10), Deengli, Dhandhal Shera, Dhani Kisana Ram, Dhani Mauji, Dhani Poonia, Dokwa, Dumki, Gadana, Gagarwas, Gagor, Geenadi Chhoti, Gwalisar, Hamirwas, Hamusar (2), Hardesar, Harpalukubri, Hira Ka Bas (Rajgarh), Indasar, Janau Khari, Janau, Jatuvas, Jhadu Ka Bas, Jharsar Chhota, Jhoongli, Juharpura, Kadia, Kalori Churu, Kalri, Kalwas Taranagar, Kanoota, Khairoo Bari, Khairoo Chhoti, Khandwa Patta Peetheesar (), Khemana, Khundiya Bas, Khyali, Kishanpura Churu, Ladariya, Lakhlan Chhoti, Lakhlan Churu, Lasedi, Leelki, Lohsana Bara, Maghau, Mahlana Utrada, Mangla Churu, Manpura Rajgarh, Mehri, Modawasi, Mundi Tal, Narwasi, Navrangpura, Navan (Rajgarh), Neshal, Pabasi, Paharsar (75), Parihara, Radwa Rajgarh, Ragha Bari, Ragha Chhoti, Rajgarh Churu, Ratanpura Churu, Rejari, Rolasar, Sankhan Toomli, Sardarpura, Sardarshahar, Seowa, Somasi, Sonpalsar, Sujangarh (7), Suratpura (Rajgarh), Than Mathooi, Thathawata, Thelasar, Thirpali, Tidiyasar (20),
Locations in Jaipur city
Adarsh Nagar, Ajmeri Road, Ambabari, Bapu Nagar, Barkat Nagar, C Scheme, Gandhi Nagar, Ganesh Colony (Khatipura), Ganpati Nagar, Hanuman Nagar, Harmara, Jawahar Nagar, Jhotwara, Khatipura, Machra, Mahavir Nagar I, Malviya Nagar, Mansarowar Colony, Moti Nagar, Murlipura Scheme, Niwai, Queens Road, RFC Colony, Sanganer, Shastri Nagar, Sindhi camp, Sodala, Station Road, Uniyaron ka Rasta, Vaishali Nagar, Vidyadhar Nagar, Vidyut Nagar, VKIA,
Villages in Jaipur district
Poonya (पून्या) Jats live in villages: Beesaloo (2), Bhanupura (14), Poonya ki Dhani (1), Jatwara Jaipur
Puniya(पुनिया) Jats live in villages:
Anantpura, Bansa Titaria (3), Bas Brijnathpura (4), Bhainsawa (10), Dehra Jaipur, Devnagar Ladana (1), Gangati Kalan, Gopalnagar (2), Jagatpura, Jaiwalya ki Dhani (1), Jobner, Khatwar, Khejroli, Ladana Phagi (10), Laxmipura (1), Nainwa Chaksu, Nangal Ladi, Mohabbatpura (8), Mundiya Garh, Sambharia (3), Rojri, Jaitpura Amber, Samota Ka Bas, Sarang Ka Bas[127]
Villages in Jhunjhunu district
Alipur, Bangothadi, Bangothari Khurd, Bay, Berla, Bhadarwas, Bhadunda Khurd, Bharu Ka Bas, Bidasar, Bijnai Ka Bas (Raghunathpura), Binjusar, Birol (600), Chanana, Godoo Ka Bas, Hetamsar, Kaji, Keharpura Khurd, Keharpura-Pilani, Kumas, Kumawas, Marodha, Maru Ram Ki Dhani, Meethwas (10), Mehrdasi, Morsara Ka Bas, Mohabbatsari (near Mukundgarh), Nalpur, Narhar, Nawalgarh, Poonia Ka Bas, Puniya Ka Bas, Raghunathpura, Seegra, Shithal, Shyampura Nua, Tigiyas, Togra Kalan, Tola Sehi, Keharpura(Pilani),
Villages in Sikar district
Akwa (25), Bagas (2), Balod Bari, Beri, Bibipur Bara, Bibipur, Bidsar, Chudi Miyan, Chuwas, Dantru (3), Dhandhan (15), Dujod, Gungara (Piprali), Hapas, Hudera, Godia Bada (20), Jajod, Jethwan Ka Bas (2), Kheri Dookiya, Kishanpura, Kishanpura, Lalpur, Mandela, Mirjwas, Nabipura, Punia Ka Bas, Punia ka Bas, Rughnathpura, Rajpur Laxmangarh, Sikar, Tajsar, Takhalsar, Tarpura, Tiwari Ki Dhani[128] Vijaypura (Rulyanimali)
Villages in Bikaner district
Villages in Dausa district
Villages in Bharatpur district
Basaiya Abhai, Rudawal, Vaulkhera,
Villages in Ganganagar district
Amarpura Jatan, Chak 1F Chhoti, Daulatpura, Dungar Singh Pura, Kupli, Ratanpura, Rojri, Sihagawali, Sihagonwali Dhani, Telanwali,
Villages in Hanumangarh district
40 NDR, Bhainsli, Bharwana, Bijhanwas, Biran Hanumangarh, Chohilanwali, Chindalia[129], Dabri Hanumangarh, Deeplana, Dhaban, Dudali, Fefana, Gillwala, Goluwala Sihagan, Hanumangarh, Jhansal, Jhasal, Katheda, Khachwana[130], Kharachak, Kikarawali, Malarampura, Malkhera, Mallarkhera, Malwani, Nathwana, Nathwania, Nohar Hanumangarh, Nuwan, Panchkosi, Ramgarh, Ramgarh Ujjalwas, Rampura Urf Ramsara, Ranjitpura, Ratanpura Rawatsar, Saharni, Saliwala, Sangaria, Sardargarhia,
Villages in Barmer district
Aasupura, Adarsh Katarla, Balotra, Barmer, Baytu, Beriyon Ka Bas, Beriwala Tala (बेरीवाला तला), Bor Charnan, Chari Barmer, Chicharli (चिचडली), Chiriya[131] Dharasar, Gwalnada, Harkhali[132] Harpuniyon Wala, Jalipa, Jaydoo, Kalewa, Kharawala, Pareu, Pooniyon Ki Basti, Mandrooponiyon Ki Dhani, Pooniyon Ka Tala, Pooniyon Ki Beri, Pooniyon Ka Tala (t.Gudha Malani) , Pooniyon Ki Beri (t.Gudha Malani), Pooniyon Ka Tala (t.Ramsar), Sodiyar, Utarlai,
Villages in Jodhpur district
Barliya, Beejasani, [[Bhawad Jodhpur[133], Bheekam Kor, Bisalpur, Boyal, Cheemana, Daikara, Falaudi, Gharaw (2), Hariya Dhana, Jatwas, Janadesar, Jodhpur, Nandara Kalan, Paldi Siddha, Pichiyak, Raimalwara, Ram Nagar Kalan (6), Riya Sethon Ki, Salwa Kalla, Pooniyon Ki Pyau, Lawari,
Villages in Nagaur district
Amarpura, Beechawa, Bhagwanpura, Bherwas, Chandi Makrana, Chau, Chau, Chhapri Khurd, Chuntisara, Deh, Dhamania, Dugastau, Gheerdoda Meetha, Hudas, Idwa, Indawar, Kantiya, Kanwalad (4), Kashipura, Kasumbi, Kuliyana, Lakhiyas, Luniyas, Morra, Nathawara, Nimbi Kalan, Phalki, Rabdiyad, Rajlota, Ranwa, Rasal, Shyampura Ladnu, Toshina,
Villages in Pali district
Agewa, Ber Kalan, Bikarlai, Chandawal Nagar, Dadia (Sehwaj), Jhujanda, Kharadi, Lalki, Marwar Junction, Peepaliya Khurd, Ramawas Khurd,
Villages in Jalor district
Villages in Ajmer district
Villages in Alwar district
Baghana (4) Narnol Kalan,
Villages in Sawai Madhopur district
Gangapur City,
Villages in Banswara district
Villages in Chittorgarh district
Amarpura, Biloda Chittorgarh, Jalaudia (3), Jamlawda (3), Patniya, Pooniya Kheri, Rambhawli (4), Sahnawa, Shambhupura, Soobi (2),
Villages in Tonk district
Nayagaon Ruwala (2), Motipura (3),
Villages in Jhalawar district
Poonya Khera (t. Manohar Thana) Punya Kheri (t.Jhalrapatan)
Villages in Rajsamand district
Distribution in Haryana
Villages in Ambala district
Villages in Yamunanagar district
Bal Chhapar, Garhi Mundo, Jathlana,
Villages in Jhajjar district
Khudan (खूडण),
Villages in Jind district
Akalgarh, Baroda Jind, Budha Khera Lather, Kachrana Kalan, Koyal, Sindhvi Khera, Udepur,
Villages in Hisar district
Biana Khera, Dhingsar, Gianpura, Kanoh, Kharak Punia, Kharia Hisar, Kharkari, Kirodi, Ladwa Hisar, Madanhedi, Malapur, Matloda, Mirzapur Hisar, Niyana, Parbhuwala, Rajpura Sarhera, Sarsana, Satrod Kalan, Satrod Khurd, Sulchani, Udaypur,
Villages in Fatehabad district
Bhattu Kalan, Dullat Fatehabad, Jandli Khurd, Khajuri Jati, Kumharia
Villages in Sirsa district
Bakrianwali, Chautala, Darba Kalan, Hanjira, Gudia Khera (गुडिया खेड़ा), Jodhkan (जोधकां), Jamal, Rajpura Sahni, Barasari, Narayan Khera, Kharian, Madho Singhana, Pili Mandori Sirsa (पीली मंदोरी), Rupawas, Shakar Mandori (शकर मंदोरी),
Villages in Bhiwani district
Chandawas, Bhiwani, Dhani Mahu, Mandholi Kalan[134], Shyam Kalan,
Villages in Karnal district
Badota, Barota Karnal, Garhi Sadhan, Pathera,
Villages in Mahendragarh district
Villages in Palwal district
Distribution in Uttar Pradesh
Villages in Agra district
Village in Balrampur District
Villages in Moradabad district
There are two Punia villages:
Villages in Joytiba phule nagar district
Villages in Aligarh district
There are ten Punia villages near Sasni: Chhaugawan, Bijauli, Chandner, Ganwari Aligarh (4), Khanpur Khitauli, Visayat Garhi,
Village in Hathras District
Villages in Mathura district
Punia Khap has 11 villages in Mathura district. [135]
Villages in Muzaffarnagar district
Naik (Muzaffarnagar), Mahabalipur
Villages in Saharanpur district
Villages in Agra district
Villages in Meerut district
Bahrala, Baparsa, Dalampur, Nek, Pabarsa, Raghunathpur, Sarurpur Khurd, Timakia,
Villages in Bagpat district
Villages in Bulandshahr district
Chhaturiya, Khad Mohan Nagar, Launga, Madona Jafrabad,
Villages in Firozabad district
Chhichhamai, Chulhawali, Madauli, Nagla Balia, Tikri,
Villages in Rampur district
Khandi Khera (19),
Villages in Hapur district
Hoshdarpur Garhi, Khagoi, Fattapur[136], Sehas Pura,
Villages in Ghaziabad district
Distribution in Madhya Pradesh
Found in Mandsaur, Nimach districts.
Villages in Mandsaur district
Betikheri, Haidara Mata, Jaggakheri, Kacharia Jat, Laduna (Sitamau), Malhargarh, Nataram (Sitamau), Pipalkhuta, Ralayta (Multanpura), Ranayra (Sitamau),
Villages in Nimach district
Nimach (2), [Aspura Nimach|[Aspura]] (1), Aghoriya (5), Dhokalkheda (9), Harnawda (21), Barkheda Jat (3), Hanumantia (1), Kesarpura (2), Khor Vikram (2), Nanpuriya (2), Nayagaon Jawad (1), Pawti (1),
Villages in Ratlam district
Villages in Ratlam district with population of Pooniya(पूनिया) gotra are:
Kalmoda 28,
Villages in Ratlam district with population of Puniya (पुनिया)/Punya (पुन्या) gotra are:
Dantodiya 1, Ghatwas 2, Ratlam 8, Banjali 1, Bardiya goyal 7, Berchha 1, Bhansa dabar 2, Bhatkheda 1, Bilpank 1, Borkheda 8, Chikliya 8, Damottar 1, Delanpur 1, Dhamottar 1, Dhaturiya 32, Dheekwa 1, Dodiana 1, Hat pipalya 1, Kalori 6, Kanser 7, Lapatia 2, Madhopura 1, Malakheda 7, Mundari 3, Nalkui 1, Surana 2, Virpura 29,
Villages in Indore district
Mend, Sherpur Indore, Khajuriya Indore, Sendal,
Villages in Sehore district
Haliya Khedi, Kalwana Sehore (5), Kannod Mirzi,
Villages in Raisen district
Kiwlajhir, Mandideep (an Industrial town in Goharganj tahsil),
Villages in Vidisha district
- Poniya is Village in Gyaraspur Tahsil in Vidisha district in Madhya Pradesh.
- Poonakhedi is Village in Kurwai Tahsil in Vidisha district in Madhya Pradesh.
Villages in Dewas district
Dhasad, Digod Dewas, Gadagaon, Jagtha, Olamba (1), Satwas, Sanwer,
Villages in Khargone district
Villages in Harda district
Baidi, Bhadugaon, Nandara, Nayagaon, Rundlay, Sannasya, Sonkhedi, Tajpura,
Villages in Gwalior district
Birlanagar (Gwalior), Gwalior, Kithoda, Morar (Gwalior),
Villages in Hoshangabad district
Villages in Sheopur district
Villages in Dhar district
Manasa, Billod Nalchha, Gulwa, Sat Talai[137]
Villages in Khandwa district
Villages in Ujjain district
Villages in Rajgarh district
Villages in Jhabua district
Distribution in Gujarat
Villages in Banas Kantha district
Pamaru, Tetoda[139] Theravada[140]
Distribution in Maharashtra
Villages in Jalgaon district
Distribution in Punjab
Villages in Ludhiana district
Villages in Patiala district
Punia population is 5,400 in Patiala district.[141]
Villages in Nawanshahr district
- Poonian is village in Nawanshahr tahsil in Nawanshahr district in Punjab.
Villages in Patiala district
- Poonian Jattan, Punian Khanan villages in Patiala tahsil in Patiala district in Punjab.
Village in Jalandar District
Lsauri, Nagal Ambian, Poonian, Rarhama
Village in Hosiyarpur district
Village in amritsar district
Villages in Firozpur district
Distribution in Pakistan
According to James Tod[142] Jakhar, Asiagh, Punia are all denominations of the Jat race, a few of whom preserve under these ancient subdivisions their old customs and religion ; but the greater part are among the converts to Islam, and retain the generic name, pronounced Zjat. Those enumerated are harmless and industrious, and are found both in the desert and valley. There are besides these a few scattered families of ancient tribes, as the Sultana, and Khumra, of whose history we are ignorant, Johyas, Sindhals, and others, whose origin has already been noticed in the Annals of Marusthali.
Hindu
Poonya Hindu Jats are residing in Umarkot, Tharparkar, Mirpurkhas and Sanghar districts of Sindh Province,Pakistan and Punjab (Pakistan).Poonya = 40 population in Khipro.
Muslim
The Punia were another Mulla Jat clan found mainly in Hissar and Sirsa. Like other Mulla Jat clans, they emigrated to Punjab (Pakistan) after partition.
Notable persons
- Mukesh Punia (1990) CEO of Punia Vikas Nigam (Rajasthan)
- Paunabhadra (पौनभद्र) was Chandravanshi King son of Virabhadra in the lineage of Puru. Punias have originated from him.
- Vineet Punia Scholar and Leader
- Silavarman (A.D. 250-300) : He was a Pona King. Jagatgram is an ancient village in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand. It was the capital of Pona king Silavarman (A.D. 250-300). Pona has been identified as Punia clan of Jats by Bhim Singh Dahiya[143]. For details see Jagatgram.
- Punyadeva (739 AD) - a Sandhu King, in 739 A.D., who defeated the Arabs. In 756 and 776 A.D., they twice repulsed the Arab naval attacks.
- Bahadadev Punia (born: 1097 AD ) founded Barmer in 1127 AD. He constructed Shiva temple at Jeenmata in 1178 AD. and founded Punia Kingdom at Jhansal in 1188 AD.
- Kanha Punia (15th century A D) - Jat ruler of Jangladesh region in Rajasthan prior to annexation of it by Rathores in 15th century.
- Viri Singh Punia (ठाकुर वीरीसिंह), from Bharatpur was a Social worker in Rajasthan.
- Seema Poonia - From Chirawa won Bronze Medal in 8th Asian Women Boxing Championship held from August 13 to 15, 2015 in China.
- Chailu Ram Punia (मास्टर छैलूराम पूनिया), Gagarwas (गागड़वास), Rajgarh, Churu, was a Social worker in Churu, Rajasthan. He was teacher in Vidyarthi Bhawan Ratangarh along with Rup Ram Maan. [144]
- Chandgi Ram Punia (चौधरी चंदगीराम पूनिया), from Gagarwas (गागड़वास), Rajgarh, Churu, was a Social worker in Churu, Rajasthan. He was teacher in Vidyarthi Bhawan Ratangarh along with Rup Ram Maan. [145]
- Norang Singh Punia (चौधरी नौरंगसिंह पूनिया), from village ----, राजगढ़, चूरु, was a freedom fighter in Churu, Rajasthan.
- Laxmi Chand Punia (चौधरी लक्ष्मीचन्द पूनिया), ----, Churu, was a social worker and freedom fighter in Churu, Rajasthan.[146]
- Jagannath Punia (चौधरी जगन्नाथ पूनिया), from Panchkoshi, Abohar, Firozpur, Punjab, was a Social worker in Firozpur, Rajasthan. [147]
- Lekh Ram Punia (चौधरी लेखराम पूनिया), from Panchkoshi, Abohar, Firozpur, Punjab, was a Social worker in Firozpur, Rajasthan. [148]
- Gheru Ram Punia (चौधरी घेरूराम पूनिया), from Panchkoshi, Abohar, Firozpur, Punjab, was a Social worker in Firozpur, Rajasthan. [149]
- Mohru Ram Punia (चौधरी मोहरूराम पूनिया), from Panchkoshi, Abohar, Firozpur, Punjab, was a Social worker in Firozpur, Rajasthan. [150]
- Shiv Lal Punia (चौधरी शिवलाल पूनिया), from Bangothri Kalan, Jhunjhunu, was a Freedom fighter who took part in Shekhawati farmers movement in Rajasthan. [151]
- Sardara Ram Punia (चौधरी सरदाराराम जी पूनिया) from Bangothri Kalan, Jhunjhunu, was a Freedom fighter who took part in Shekhawati farmers movement in Rajasthan. [152]
- Chandra Ram Punia (born:1883) (जमादार चंद्राराम पूनिया) from Kaji, Chirawa, Jhunjhunu, was a Freedom fighter who took part in Shekhawati farmers movement in Rajasthan. [153]
- Bakhta Ram Punia (born:1908) (चौधरी बख्ताराम जी) , from Kaji, Chirawa, Jhunjhunu, was a Freedom fighter who took part in Shekhawati farmers movement in Rajasthan. [154]
- Ch. Tejinder Singh Punia D.R.O.- Garhi Mundo - Yamunanagar Haryana.
- Swami Nityanand
- Maan Singh Punia - Freedom Fighters from Kharak Punia village, Hisar.
- Major (Dr.) Surendra Poonia - From Rajpura Sikar, Awarded with Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 2012.
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Chaudhary (Poonia) - Retd. Professor Pathologist, presently residing at C-1, Sadul Gunj, Near Dhola Maru, Bikaner, Rajasthan.
- Dr. Sharda Chaudhary (Poonia) - Retd. Assoc. Professor Gynaecologist, presently residing at C-1, Sadul Gunj, Near Dhola Maru, Bikaner, Rajasthan.
- Dr. Ajay Kumar Chaudhary (Poonia) - MBBS., MD Anesthesist presently working at Jaipur and residing at C-1, Sadul Gunj, Near Dhola Maru, Bikaner, Rajasthan.
- Priya Punia - An Indian Cricketer from village Janau Khari in Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan.
- Antar Singh Poonia - RAS (DEO, Ajmer,Rajasthan)
- Chatar Singh Poonia -Air Wing commander, participient of II World War
- Dr. D. P. Poonia - Principal, Medical College, Jodhpur
- Navdeep Poonia - Cricket
- Sunny Poonia - Player
- N.L. Poonia - Sena medal
- D.S. Poonia - IAS, Delhi
- Manak Chand Yati (Pooniya) - Shiksha Sant from village Sodiyar (Barmer)
- Jogendra Poonia - IRS, Rajasthan from village Jalipa (Barmer)
- Pratap Bhanu Poonia - RAS,residance Poonia Complex Chirawa, Rajasthan
- Ram Swaroop Poonia - Sadulpur, Chief Vigilance Officer, Railways , IES - 1982
- Jai Narayan Poonia - Sadulpur, Churu, Ex Cabinet Minister ,Govt of Rajasthan. elected in Rajathan Assembly as BJP MLA-2013 from Taranagar
- Krishna Poonia - National woman discus throw champion of India, Arjun Award Winner 2010 (Athletics)
- Bajrang Punia (born 26 February 1994) is a freestyle wrestler, Arjun Award-2015.
- Sepoy Raj Kumar Punia - Martyr of Kargil War
- Sh. Tejinder Singh Punia (D.R.O.) - Yamunanagar (Haryana)
- Vijay Punia - Leader and Social worker
- Sunil Poonia - BEST SHO in the world
- N.L. Poonia - Sena medal awardee and Chairman of HSSC.
- Major (Dr.) Surendra Poonia
- Hari Singh Punia - RJS Rajasthan
- Harsukh Ram Punia - RJS Rajasthan
- O.P. Punia - Scientists (to see his contribution - Click here
- Eng. Mahipal Singh Pauniya - Agra
- Maj. R D Singh Pauniya - Originally from village Chaungwa, PO - Bijauli district Aligarh
- Jagdev Singh Punia (Captain) (03.07.1945 - 04.12.1971) became martyr on 04.12.1971 during Indo-Pak war 1971. He was from Bangothari Khurd village in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan. Unit - 19 Rajputana Rifles.
- Nb. Sub. Randhir Singh Punia - Brigade of The Guards, OP Pawan Martyr 17-06-1988, Home state Rajasthan
- Rfn. Raj Kumar Punia - The Garhwal Rifles, OP Pawan Martyr 21-10-1987, Rajasthan
- Naik Dinesh Kumar Punia - The Jat Regiment, OP Parakram Martyr 02-01-2002, Rajasthan
- Sep. Babu Lal Poonia - Rashtriya Rifles, OP Rakshak (J&K) Martyr 21-08-2002, Rajasthan
- Hav. Hanuman Ram Pooniya - Army Medical Corps Martyr 23-05-2002, Rajasthan
- Sep. Bhanwal Lal Poonia - Army Medical Corps, Martyr 14-02-2002, Rajasthan
- Kartar Singh Puniya - RAS, Asstt.Coll.& Exe.Magistrate, Kotputali, 9413377642, Village - Rejari, Teh.- Rajgarh Churu, Churu, Rajasthan, Present Address : 44, Guru Jambheswar Nagar-B, Gandhi Path, Jaipur, Email Address : kartarsinghpoonia@gmail.com
- Jogendra Punia - RAS.
- Kuldeep Poonia - Emerging Youth Leader of Puniya Khap from Harpalu.
- Meera Punia - RAS
- Kusum Puniya - IPS (2010), from village Sardarpura, tahsil Rajgarh, District Churu, Rajasthan.
- Suman Punia - IIT (2010)
- Antar Singh Poonia - RAS, Date of Birth : 2-February-1958, VPO- Bhensali,Teh.- Rajgarh Churu, Distt.- Churu, Rajasthan. Present Address : 125, Mahadev Nagar, Gandhi Path, Vaishali Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan.PIN - 302021 Mob. No. 9414212779, Resident Phone Number : 0141-2351301, Mobile Number : 9414002179, Email Address : ajaypoonia@hotmail.com
- Himmat Singh Poonia - Rajasthan Accounts Service, Date of Birth : 1-June-1969. VPO - Suratpura, Teh.- Rajgarh Churu, Churu, Present Address : A-44, Jambeshwar Nagar, Queen's Road, Jaipur, Phone: 0141-2353300, Mob: 9414527945
- Jile Singh Poonia - RPS, Date of Birth : 15-January-1947, VPO- Bhensali,Teh.- Rajgarh Churu, Distt.- Churu, Rajasthan. Present Address : 44, Suraj Nagar (East) Civil Lines, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Resident Phone Number : 0141-2222387, Mobile Number : 9828112387
- Manphool Singh Poonia - IPS (1970)( Retd.), Date of Birth :1.1.1940, Village - Pabasi,P.O.- Dadrewa, Teh.- Rajgarh Churu, Distt.- Churu, Present Address : D-73, Amba Bari, Jaipur, Resident Phone Number : 0141-2337955, Mobile Number : 9413094957
- Dr. M.C. Poonia - Director (retd.) Medical & Health, Date of Birth : 2-August-1944, Vill- Shyampura Ladnu, Po - Balsamand, Teh- Ladnu, Nagaur ,Rajasthan, Present Address : 93, Bhragu Nagar, Ajmer Road,Jaipur, Phone: 0141-2354942, Mob: 9062797105
- Rishal Poonia - From Vill. - Bhojan (Rajgarh), Chief Supervisor BSNL, Bikaner.
- Komila Punia - IAS (2011), From Village Udepur, Tah: Narwana, Dist Jind
- Mahadev Singh Punia - Upadhyaksh Rajasthan Jat Samaj Sansthan, Jaipur
- Dr.B.S. Punia - Govt Service, Director Animal Husbandry, Central Institute for Research on Buffalow, Hissar, 45, Bank Colony, Delhi Road, Hissar, Haryana Ph: 01662-228330, 9812132475 (PP-884)
- Maj. General Dr.V.S.Punia - Director PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana Govt. Director's Residence,PGIMS Rohtak Haryana, Ph:01262-242269, 01262-250893 (PP-1008)
- Rohtash pooniya - v.p.o. dhandhal shera, teh. - rajgarh , churu
- Dr. N.C. Punia - Neurosurgeon in Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur at Neuro Care Hospital & Research Centre Pvt Ltd in Vidhyadhar Nagar.
- श्री बजरंग सिंह पूनियां, ए.डी.एम. रोडवेज झुन्झूनु
- Kunwar Udaivir Singh (Paunia) is from Tikri village in Tehsil Tundla of District Firozabad in Uttar Pradesh.
- Capt. Subhash Chand Punia - Kirti Chara, Unit - 21 Para SF
- Dharmendra Punia, IRS 2012, ADIT Jamnagar.
- Hira Lal Punia - IAS-2014, Rank-892. [155]
- Anand Punia - IAS-2014, Rank-1070. [156]
- Sapna Punia - Athlete of repute, working in Rajasthan Police. Born at village Ghardana, Tah: Buhana, Jhunjhunu on 2.1.1988 , father Sh Roop Chand, Husband: Anil Punia from Rajgarh Churu[157]
- Anand Poonia: DANICS 2014, from Jhunjhunu, M: 7503822233
- Bhupendra Poonia: IAS, from Rajgarh Churu, DM Sundargarh, Orissa, M: +919438399144
- Dharmendra Punia: IRS 2012, M: 9873798655
- Ganga Ram Poonia: IPS-2013, Haryana Cadre , M: 9672758323
- Joginder Poonia: IPS, UP Cadre, SP Varanasi, M: 8416989899
- Kusum Poonia: IPS 2010 batch, SP ACB , Ranchi, Jharkhand Cadre, From:Sardarpura Rajgarh, M: 9576967717
- Rajnish Poonia: RPS, Posted as ACP Sadar Jaipur, M: 9772006000
- Shyam Lal Poonia: IAS 2010 Batch, Secretary, MPSC and Director ( Tourism ), Manipur, M: 7085481617, +91 94 36 443311
- Sunil Puniya: RAS Dy Commissioner, Municipal Corporation, Jaipur, M: 9829063023
- Ram Kishan Punia - GM Merchant Navy, From village Pahadsar, Rajgarh, Churu, Rajasthan, Mob:9887177493, Present Residence: 257, Hanuman Nagar Extention, Jaipur. He provided the information about this village on 7.11.2016
- Harphul Punia - INA, From village Pahadsar, Rajgarh, Churu, Rajasthan, Died in INA
- Rajendra Puniya :- From Lawari Bhopalgarh Jodhpur Rajasthan. Rajendra got 1st Rank in all Rajasthan in school lecturer exam 2016 in History Mob:- 9929448175
- Dhoop Singh Poonia - Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur Address: F9/492, Chitrakoot Scheme, Vaishali Nagar, Jaipur Mob:9414074866, Res: 01412441566
- Prof. Jay Narayan Punia - A-44, Jambeshwar Nagar, Queens Road, Jaipur. Mob: 94139-75406, Res 0141-235300
- Dr. Pratibha Poonia (RAS-2016) Rank: 9 from Village Hameerwas Bara, tehsil Rajgarh, district Churu.
- Indra Pal Singh Punia - Retired DFO, Mob: 9414537555. From Morsara Ka Bas, Jhunjhunu
- पत्रकार हनुमान पूनिया, गांव गुडिया खेड़ा जिला सिरसा हरियाणा, मो. 9466757847
- Vijendra Poonia, IES - Keharpura (Pilani), Dist-Jhunjhunu
- M.P.Poonia - Vice Chairman of All India Council of Technical Education since 20th January, 2017.
- Satish Poonia is a politician and President of Bharatiya Janata Party.
- Rajender Singh Poonia (Rifleman) (14.08.1968 - 02.02.1994) became martyr in Jammu and Kashmir when the Bus carrying them fell in a Chenab River between Ramban and Banihal. He was from Maru Ram Ki Dhani village in Surajgarh tahsil in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan.
- Unit: 4 Rajputana Rifles.
- Mandeep Punia - Freelance journalist
- Raj Kumar Punia (Garhwal Rifles) (Rfn) became martyr during Operation Pawan on 21.10.1987. He was from village Bairasar Gumana, Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan.
- Unit: 18 Garhwal Rifles.
- Jitender Singh Chhattar (Punia) - Advocate at High Court Chandigarh and Social activist, Vill: Chhattar, Jind.
- Mahipal Arya (Punia) - Author and Historian
- Babu Lal Puniya (Sepoy) (15.03.1978 - 21.08.2002) became martyr on 21.08.2002 in Rajauri sector of Jammu and Kashmir fighting with militants. He was from Bai village in Nawalgarh tahsil of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan.
- Unit: 45 Rashtriya Rifles/4 Jat Regiment.
- Tara Chand Punia became martyr on 19.12.1971 during Indo-Pak War-1971. He was from Keharpura Khurd village in Chirawa tahsil of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan.
- Unit - 17 Jat Regiment
- Dinesh Kumar Poonia (Naik) (05.11.1969 - 02.01.2002) martyred on 02.01.2002 in Rajauri district of Jammu and Kashmir fighting with the militants. He was from Punia Ki Dhani of village Sonthli in Nawalgarh tehsil of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan.
- Unit - 9 Jat Regiment
- Chuni Lal Poonia (Sepoy) became martyr on 20.10.1948 in Jammu and Kashmir during Indo-Pak War 1947-48. He was from Bhainsali Village in Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan.
- Unit - 6 Jat Regiment
- Randhir Singh Poonia (Subedar) became martyr on 17.06.1988 during Operation Pawan in Srilanka. He was from Dhani Khudani village in Rajgarh tahsil of Churu district in Rajasthan.
- Unit - 16 Guards
See also
- James Todd Annals
- Pannonia (पन्नोनिया) - a province of the Roman Empire.
Gallery of Punia people
-
Kusum Punia, IPS
-
Capt. Subhash Chand Punia,Kirti Chakra
-
Kunwarani Meera Singh (w/o Late Kunwar Anupendra Singh) with her son, Kunwar Nripendra Singh
External links
Further reading
- Jat History Thakur Deshraj: Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934.
- Ram Swarup Joon: History of the Jats, Rohtak, India (1938, 1967)
- A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms by James Legge, 1886: (Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fa-Hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 399-414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline Translated and annotated with a Corean recension of the Chinese text)
References
- ↑ Ram Sarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter VI,p.116
- ↑ B S Dahiya:Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study), p.242, s.n.183
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. प-23
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. प-23
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. 69
- ↑ O.S.Tugania:Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, p.49, s.n. 1560
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya: Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India,p. 267
- ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter IX,p.695
- ↑ An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan, H. W. Bellew, p.121,128,129,162
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter IV, p.341
- ↑ Mahendra Singh Arya et al: Adhunik Jat Itihas,p. 262
- ↑ Budha Prakash,Studies in Indian History and Civilization, p.263
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya: Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India,p. 267
- ↑ Archaeological Survey of India, Dehradun Circle, Uttarakhand
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj: ‘Jat Itihas’ (History of the Jats), 1992, pp. 617-618
- ↑ Dilip Singh Ahlawat: Jat viron ka Itihas
- ↑ Ashok Dingar & A.B. Sumrao, “Maharashtra mein Jaton ki Biradari” – Jat Veer Smarika 1987-88, Jat Samaj Kalyan Parishad Gwalior. pp. 65,66,67
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya: Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India, p. 267-268
- ↑ Herodotus v, 12-27
- ↑ V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.238
- ↑ V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.239
- ↑ Jat Varna Mimansa (1910) by Pandit Amichandra Sharma, p.41-42
- ↑ A glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose Vol II/J,p.375-376
- ↑ Ram Swarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter V,p. 97
- ↑ Ram Sarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter VI,p.116
- ↑ Ram Sarup Joon:History of the Jats/ChapterVIII,p.140
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya:Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India,p.269
- ↑ V. S. Agrawala, op. cit., p. 50.
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya:"Aryan Tribes and the Rig Veda". (1991) Dahinam Publishers, 16 B Sujan Singh Park, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya:Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Harsha Vardhana : Linkage and Identity,p.209
- ↑ James Todd Annals/Sketch of the Indian Desert,p.1297
- ↑ The Jats: Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration, p. 136
- ↑ The Jats: Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration, Rohtak, 1993, ISBN 81-85235-22-8, p. 353
- ↑ Vayu Purans, 1.45.127
- ↑ ibid, 45.127
- ↑ M R Singh, A critical study of the Geog. Data in Ear. Purs., Punthi Pustak, Calcutta, 1972, p. 286
- ↑ Cf. G. Yazdani, Early history of Deccan, p. 36
- ↑ Cunningham, Historical Geog. of Ancient India, p. 184
- ↑ D D Kosambi, The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi, 1976, p. 80
- ↑ ibid
- ↑ Jain, op. cit, pp. 99-100
- ↑ RV, 6.4.2.31
- ↑ Jain, op. cit., p. 48
- ↑ RV VI 45.31
- ↑ Nripendra Kumar Dutta, op. cit., p. 96
- ↑ RV VII 63
- ↑ Ram Chandra Jain, The most ancient Aryan society, Varanasi, 1964, p. 72
- ↑ His. of Mexico, Maxican Government Pbn. q. by Chaman Lal, Hindu America, 1956, p. 256
- ↑ DA Mackenzie, Myths of Pre-Columbia America, pp. 2, 256, 265f
- ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter IX,p.617-618
- ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter IX,p.617-618
- ↑ James Tod: Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Volume II, Annals of Bikaner,p.163
- ↑ James Tod: Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Volume II, Annals of Bikaner,p.165
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya: Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India,p. 267
- ↑ Budha Prakash,Studies in Indian History and Civilization, p.263
- ↑ Archaeological Survey of India, Dehradun Circle, Uttarakhand
- ↑ पशूनां पतये चैव भूतानां पतये तदा, वृषाय मातृभक्ताय सेनान्ये मध्यमाय च (XIV.8.19)
- ↑ Ancient Communities of the Himalaya By Dinesh Prasad Saklani, Indus Publishing Co., FS-5, Tagore Garden, New Delhi-110027, p.163
- ↑ Ancient Communities of the Himalaya By Dinesh Prasad Saklani, Indus Publishing Co., FS-5, Tagore Garden, New Delhi-110027, p.164
- ↑ Ancient Communities of the Himalaya By Dinesh Prasad Saklani, p.176
- ↑ Indian Archaeology 1953-54 A Review - Archaeological Survey of India
- ↑ History of Uttaranchal By Omacanda Hāṇḍā,p.106
- ↑ The Tombs of the Tibetan Kings By Giuseppe Tucci,
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya: Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India, p. 267-268
- ↑ Herodotus v, 12-27
- ↑ Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/The Antiquity of the Jats,p.300-301
- ↑ Dr Karni Singh (1947): The Relations of House of Bikaner with Central Power, Munsi Ram Manohar Lal Pub. Pvt, 54 Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi.
- ↑ Dr Brahmaram Chaudhary, The Jats, Vol. 2, Ed Dr Vir Singh, Originals, Delhi, 2006, ISBN 81-88629-52-9, p. 250
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992, p. 617
- ↑ Ramratna Charan, Itihas
- ↑ Jat Samaj, Agra : November 2000
- ↑ Elliot, op. cit., Vol.I, p.133
- ↑ Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Firista, Gulsan-i-Ibrahimi, commonly known as Tarikh-i-Firishta, Nawal Kishore edition, (Kanpur, 1865), Vol.I, p.35
- ↑ Dr S.Jabir Raza, The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India. Vol I, 2004, Ed Dr Vir Singh
- ↑ Inscription No.1, Tod, op.cit., Vol.I, p. 622-23.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Islam, vol.II, p.488
- ↑ Chachnama, pp.98, 117,131
- ↑ Zai'nul-Akhbar, p.191; Tarikh-i-Firishta, Vol.I,p.35
- ↑ Chachnama, pp.104,167
- ↑ Richard F. Burton, op. cit., p.246
- ↑ Inscription No.1, Tod, op.cit., Vol.II, Appendix pp. 914-917.
- ↑ Dr S.Jabir Raza, The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India. Vol I, 2004, Ed Dr Vir Singh
- ↑ Inscription No.II, Tod, op.cit., Vol.II, Appendix, pp. 917-919 and n. 13
- ↑ Chachnama, p.166
- ↑ Dr S.Jabir Raza, The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India. Vol I, 2004, Ed Dr Vir Singh
- ↑ Hasan Nizami, Tajul-ma'asir, Fascimile translation in ED, Vol. II, p.218
- ↑ The Ancient Geography of India/Singhapura, pp. 127
- ↑ Kings of Kashmira Vol 2 (Rajatarangini of Kalhana)/Book VIII (ii), p.262
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Jainism, Volume-1 By Indo-European Jain Research Foundation p.5530
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.812
- ↑ Jat Varna Mimansa (1910) by Pandit Amichandra Sharma, p.41-42
- ↑ Jat Varna Mimansa (1910) by Pandit Amichandra Sharma, p.39
- ↑ Laxman Burdak (talk) 03:37, 19 July 2017 (EDT)
- ↑ Dr Ompal Singh Tugania: Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, p. 18
- ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter V, p. 149)
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat, p.103-105
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter IV, p. 341
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter III,पृ.219-221
- ↑ Kanhaiyalal Punia:Hanumangarh Jila Jat Samaj Smarika-2010,p.16-17
- ↑ Ganesh Berwal: 'Jan Jagaran Ke Jan Nayak Kamred Mohar Singh', 2016, ISBN 978.81.926510.7.1, p.2
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter IV, p.351
- ↑ दिव्य द्वारका, प्रकाशक: दण्डी स्वामी श्री सदानन्द सरस्वती जी, सचिव श्रीद्वारकाधीश संस्कृत अकेडमी एण्ड इंडोलॉजिकल रिसर्च द्वारका गुजरात, 2013, पृ.16
- ↑ दिव्य द्वारका, प्रकाशक: दण्डी स्वामी श्री सदानन्द सरस्वती जी, सचिव श्रीद्वारकाधीश संस्कृत अकेडमी एण्ड इंडोलॉजिकल रिसर्च द्वारका गुजरात, 2013, पृ.16
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali,p. 272
- ↑ Raghunath Bhakhar: 'Rulyana Mali' (Jhankata Ateet), Bhaskar Prakashan Sikar, 2022. ISBN: 978-93-5607-079-0, p.55
- ↑ Raghunath Bhakhar: 'Rulyana Mali' (Jhankata Ateet), Bhaskar Prakashan Sikar, 2022. ISBN: 978-93-5607-079-0, p.55
- ↑ Raghunath Bhakhar: 'Rulyana Mali' (Jhankata Ateet), Bhaskar Prakashan Sikar, 2022. ISBN: 978-93-5607-079-0, p.55
- ↑ Raghunath Bhakhar: 'Rulyana Mali' (Jhankata Ateet), Bhaskar Prakashan Sikar, 2022. ISBN: 978-93-5607-079-0, p.56
- ↑ Raghunath Bhakhar: 'Rulyana Mali' (Jhankata Ateet), Bhaskar Prakashan Sikar, 2022. ISBN: 978-93-5607-079-0, p.56
- ↑ Raghunath Bhakhar: 'Rulyana Mali' (Jhankata Ateet), Bhaskar Prakashan Sikar, 2022. ISBN: 978-93-5607-079-0, p.56
- ↑ Raghunath Bhakhar: 'Rulyana Mali' (Jhankata Ateet), Bhaskar Prakashan Sikar, 2022. ISBN: 978-93-5607-079-0, p.56
- ↑ Patanjali Ke Jartagana or Jnatrika Kaun The,p.16
- ↑ Ram Swarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter II,pp.21-28
- ↑ A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms/Chapter 14
- ↑ Ram Sarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter V, p.97
- ↑ An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan By H. W. Bellew, The Oriental University Institute, Woking, 1891, p.53-54
- ↑ Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery: The Jats - Vol.I, 2004. Page 38, Ed. by Dr Vir Singh, Publisher - M/S Originals (an imprint of low priced publications), Delhi-110052.
- ↑ Dr Ompal Singh Tugania: Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, p. 18
- ↑ पुण्यनामा सुनामा च सुवक्त्रः परियदर्शनः। परिश्रुतः कॊक नदः परिय माल्यानुलेपनः ||Mahabharata (9.44.55)
- ↑ तत्र पुण्यह्रदस तात मैनाकश चैव पर्वतः, बहुमूलफलॊ वीर असितॊ नाम पर्वतः (III.87.9)
- ↑ "Kandal Administration". Royal Government of Cambodia. Archived from the original on 2008-12-24.
- ↑ The Anabasis of Alexander/1a, p.18-21
- ↑ The Anabasis of Alexander/1a, p.43-44
- ↑ The Anabasis of Alexander/2a, p.91-94
- ↑ The Anabasis of Alexander/3a, p.154-157
- ↑ The Anabasis of Alexander/3a, p.164-166
- ↑ Abhimanyusingh9
- ↑ User:ManojJat23
- ↑ User:Gsswami
- ↑ User:Godaradudi
- ↑ User:CHENARAMGODARA
- ↑ User:Hrdhaka
- ↑ User:JEETUTOMARJAT
- ↑ User:Deepak4sehrawat
- ↑ Jat Bandhu, Agra, April 1991
- ↑ User:TewatiaJatt3120
- ↑ User:Sk56
- ↑ User:Yogeshjat5155
- ↑ User:JEETUTOMARJAT
- ↑ User:JEETUTOMARJAT
- ↑ History and study of the Jats. B.S Dhillon. p.126
- ↑ James Todd Annals/Sketch of the Indian Desert, Vol.III,pp.1297
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya: Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India,p. 267
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.148
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.148
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.160
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.163-165
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.163-165
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.163-165
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.163-165
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.397-398
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.398-399
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.400
- ↑ Thakur Deshraj:Jat Jan Sewak, 1949, p.400-401
- ↑ 'Jat Privesh', July 2015,p. 18
- ↑ 'Jat Privesh', July 2015,p. 18
- ↑ Jat Gatha, 10/2015, p.27
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